专题10
省略句
【考纲解读】
高考中对于省略的考查常体现在复合句的省略、动词不定式的省略以及交际用语中一些习惯性的省略中。
【知识要点】
省略和替代一样，也是一种避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。
1.可省略主语和谓语。
A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say...)
Though tired，he was not disheartened.他虽然累了，但没有泄气。(省略了he was...)
Got a light?有火吗？(句首省略了Have you...)
2.可省去从句。
You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before)
Oh，that reminds me.噢，这使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that从句，其内容由具体情况而定)
3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。
Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。
4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。
—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？
—I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。
(即I don’t believe it’s going to rain)
5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：
only if，If only，what so ever， in case
6.特殊疑问句的省略。
Where to?去哪里？
(=Where are you going to?)
What for?为什么？
(例如：What do you come here for?你来这里干什么？)
Why not do it?为什么不做那件事呢？
(=Why don’t you do it?)
How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么样？
What’s on tonight?今晚上映什么？
What’s up?发生什么事了？
【考点诠释】
省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达。因此，省略的部分常常可以从句子结构本身或句子所处的语境中可以明确领会其成分。如：
You are as tall as he (is).
When (you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.
1.比较从句中的省略
I love classic music more than (I like) rock and roll.
He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.
2.在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略
While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.
If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”
If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.
3.在其他状语从句中的省略
I won’t go there unless (I am) invited.
Things have turned out just as (they were) expected.
How beautiful ( it is)!
4.在并列从句中的省略
The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.
The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad.
5.命令和请求
No talking！
Silent, everybody!
6.特定问题的回答
—Where have you been?
—(I’ve been) Out.
—Have you been waiting long?
—(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour.
7.简略的提问句
—Tom, go and water the flowers.
—Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?
典型例题：
1. ________for the rain, the construction work would have been faster.
A. If it were not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If it hasn’t
答案：C
解析：省略if时，虚拟条件从句人要倒装。
2. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than_______.
A. ours
B. those of ours
C. it had for ours
D. it did for us
答案：D
解析：这句话也可以省略为the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的过去式。
3. —Don’t forget to post the letter for me on your way.
—______.
A. I don’t
B. I won’t
C. I can’t
D. I haven’t
4. —Mary had a wonderful time at the party.
—_______, and so did I.
A. So she had
B. So had she
C. So she did
D. So did she
答案：C
解析：So she did 是省略加强调。原句应该是She did have a wonderful time.她的确玩得很开心。
5. _______ we move the couch over there. Don’t you think the room will look larger?
A. What about
B. What if
C. How far
D. How come
答案：B
解析：What if在这里相当于是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用动名词；how come怎么会。
6. I hear that Tom was writing a book last year and he still______ .
A. does
B. is
C. has
D. was
7. John plays football_______, if not better than, David.
A. so well
B. so well as
C. as well
D. as well as
答案：D
解析：省略句。John plays football as well as (David), if not better than David.
8. Land to the east of Ural is called Asia; land to the west_______ Europe.
A. /
B. is
C. called
D. calls
答案：A
解析：省略句。Land to the west (is called) Europe.
【试题放送】
1. 【2017池州市普通高中高三第一学期教学质监】—Do you still believe in love?
—Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love
cures our pain.
A．who
B．which
C．that D．what
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。这是一个“it is …that…”强调结构。强调部分为“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not …but”结构。
2. 【2017安徽宿州高三一次质检】—I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.
—So am I. Little
the safety of the poor children.
A．did the local government care for
B．the local government cared for
C．did the local government care about
D．the local government cared about
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装和短语辨析。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。
3. 【2017云南省部分名校 一次统考】______ at the news that her eyes rained tears.
A. So was Rebecca sad
B. So sad was Rebecca
C. So sad Rebecca was
D. Was Rebecca so sad
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装。“so…that”结构中，so 和形容词提前，后面要用部分倒装结构。
4. 【2017浙江温州高三期期末八校联考】Not only ______ a promise ,but she also kept it.
A. did she make
B.she made
C. does she make
D. had she made
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句式。 Not only提前，用部分倒装结构。句意为：他不仅许下了诺言，而且还坚守了诺言。
5. 【2017·莱芜期末】Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _____ except the cabin in the backyard.
A. did he go
B. he did go
C. went he
D. he went
【答案】A
【解析】 考查倒装。nowhere【意思是：没有一个地方】表示否定意义的副词位于句首要用部分倒装结构。
6. 【2017池州市普通高中高三第一学期教学质监】—Do you still believe in love?
—Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love
cures our pain.
A．who
B．which
C．that D．what
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。这是一个“it is …that…”强调结构。强调部分为“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not …but”结构。
7. 【2017·金华十校期末】Are you free tonight? ______, I'd like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States．
A．Even so
B．When necessary
C．If not
D．If so
【答案】D
【解析】考查替代。If so.意思是：如果这样的话。这里so替代的是上文的：you are free。
8. 【2017·上海春招】 It was not until 1920 _______American women had the chance to vote in national elections.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句型。此处not until 1920是被强调的部分。句意：直到1920年美国妇女才能在国家选举中有机会投票。
9.
【2017江西丰、樟、高、宜四市联考】——He ought to have been warned of the danger．
——____, but he wouldn’t listen to me．
A．yes, he ought to
B．So he did
C．So it was with him．
D．So he was
【答案】D
【及解析】考查特殊句式。 so+主语+助动词／系动词／情态动词 表示“确实如此”。根据答语后半句可知空处表示他确实被警告了，因此选D项。
10．【2017安徽宿州高三一次质检】—I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.
—So am I. Little
the safety of the poor children.
A．did the local government care for
B．the local government cared for
C．did the local government care about
D．the local government cared about
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装和短语辨析。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。