2．单项填空
Not only I and Mary but also Jane ________ having one exam after another.
A．is tired of B．are tired of
C．is tired with
D．are tired with
[解析] A be tired of厌倦，厌烦；be tired with 因……而疲劳；not only…but also句型的主谓遵循就近一致的原则，故该句话的主语为Jane。
第24讲 │ 句型透视
第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The m________decided to use camels to carry his goods across the desert. 2．The s________ of six months in prison was most unjust. 3．The girl has been waiting in the rain for 2 hours, only to get a ________ (签名) of a pop star she likes. 4．The newlyelected president _________ (着手做) everything that he got. 5．People on high incomes face a huge tax ________ (负担).
erchant
entence signature undertook burden Ⅱ.选词填空 用下面短语的适当形式填空。 well off; come into being; be sentenced to death; knock into; show off 1．The old woman burst into tears when she heard her son _____________________.
2．The young boy likes _________how well he speaks French.
3．Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans _______________.
第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
was sentenced to death showing off came into being 4．The young man rode his motorbike so fast that he nearly ____________a boy on the street.
5．Don't waste your sympathy on them. They are much ________than you and I.
第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
knocked into better off Ⅲ.单项填空 1．They were lost at the sea, ________ wind and weather.
A．at the price ofB．at the sight of
C．at the mercy of
D．at the bottom of
[解析] C 此题考查短语at the mercy of(任由……的摆布)。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
2．It is said that the judge will ________ Tom, a cruel murderer, ________.
A．sentence; to die
B．sentence; to dying
C．sentence; to dead
D．sentence; to death
[解析] D 考查sentence的短语。sentence sb.to death为固定短语，意思是“宣判死刑”。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
3．The new timetable will come into ________ next month.
A．effect B．plan C．serviceD．system
[解析] A 考查动词短语搭配。come into effect是固定词组，意为“生效；实施”。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
4．—Did you enjoy the movie?
—Sure, it is ________ a beautiful country town with a variety of cultures.
A．put on
B．set in
C．taken on
D．got in
[解析] B 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：“你喜欢这部电影吗？”“当然，这部电影以一个有各种文化的乡村城镇为背景。”be set in以……为背景。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
5．Under good treatment, she is beginning to ________ and will soon come back to work.
A．pick up
B．wake up
C．grow up
D．show up
[解析] A 考查动词短语辨析。wake up唤醒； grow up生长；show up 出现。由句意知，这里表示“身体恢复健康”，只有pick up 有此意。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
6．He was in such a hurry that he almost ________ the old man.
A．knocked at
B．knocked into
C．knocked off
D．knocked on
[解析] B 短语辨析题。knock into撞到某人身上。knock on, knock at意思是轻轻敲击；knock off意为敲落。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
7．At 30 we need to ________ to our lives and shed from fantasies.
A．set down
B．put down
C．devote to
D．settle down
[解析] D 考查短语辨析。句意：在30岁时，我们需要丢掉幻想，踏实生活。settle down to our lives安顿下来开始生活。set down记下；put down镇压；devote to 贡献。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
8．Many relationships ________ because of wrong speech.
A．break off
B．break down
C．break into
D．break out
[解析] A 本题考查短语辨析。break off折断，断绝关系，中断谈话； break down出故障，身体出毛病；break into闯入；break out爆发。 第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
9．—It's getting dark. My son hasn't returned home.
— ________ He has been a grownup.
A．Take it easy.
B．No problem.
C．Take your time.
D．So what?
[解析] A 根据答语He has been a grownup可知是安慰说话者，即“不用担心，他已经是大人了。”take it easy用来安慰对方不要担心。no problem用来表示同意；take your time指做某事不要着急；so what表示某人认为某事无关紧要，意思为“那又怎么样？”
第24讲 │ 跟踪训练
阅读写作(二十四) │ 阅读理解技法指导之篇章结构 阅读写作(二十四)[阅读理解技法指导之篇章结构]
阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 重视篇章结构 篇章结构题从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。 一、篇章结构主要的设题方式常有： 1．How is the passage organized? 2．Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage? 3．What will the author most probably talk about next? 4．The author develops the passage mainly by
. 5．The first paragraph serves as a(n) . 6．The example of…is given to show/illustrate that . 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 二、篇章结构主要的解题策略常有： 1．了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。 2．了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Put forward a problem→Analyze the problem→Solve the problem 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 3．了解文章的写作手法。在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。 例
[2011·重庆卷](节选) Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long－lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far? 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first－time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist (免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 How does the passage mainly develop? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance. 【点睛】 C 本题考查文章写作手法。通读全文可知，贯穿文章的主要线索是时间。因此该文是按照时间顺序来组织的，故选择C项。 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 【活学活用】 The Celebration Experiment
In the 1960s, Walt Disney pictured in the mind a future Utopian city with underground roads and a climate－controlled round roof. The real community of Celebration, Florida, built in 1999, applies the social and environmental goals of both Disney and the New Urbanism movement. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Disney and the New Urbanism have imagined communities that promote social and local communication. Celebration has a central Market Street district to reduce traffic and encourage social contacts. The idea is that if the downtown area is neatly and closely ranked, people will walk and meet their neighbors. Downtown events like art festivals also bring citizens together. Narrow, tree－lined streets are “traffic calm”—with slower speed limits—to encourage bicycling and walking. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Moreover, housing in Celebration includes both single－ and multi－family houses that encourages socialization. Apartment buildings are located close to downtown, and houses are built close together with small yards. They feature entrance halls to encourage citizens to socialize. “Many aspects of that kind of design are really aimed at maximizing social communication between citizens, not just on the streets but also in community institutions that are very much a part of public life there，” says Andrew Ross, a New York University professor who lived in Celebration for one year. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Utopian communities such as Celebration are also designed with environmental protection in mind. The town itself is built on 4,900 acres surrounded by a 4,700 acre protected
greenbelt. The greenbelt parks, and common areas accommodate native wildlife and animals. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 High－rise office and apartment buildings provide close office and living space in a small geographic area in order to reduce urban sprawl, the spread of today's cities onto nature areas. Buildings also minimize environmental influence by using cooling and electric systems with insulated(绝缘的；隔热的)glass, cooling towers, and energy－saving lamps. “The town more or less borrows very heavily from New Urbanist principles…to create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than vehicles，” Ross said. 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub－point(次要点) C: Conclusion 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 [解析] B 本文采用总分总的方式，阐述了迪士尼和新城市主义运动的社会目标和环境目标，并讲述实现这两个目标所采取的一些具体做法。文章第一段讲述社区Celebration的建立，并提出了迪士尼和新城市主义运动的社会目标和环境目标；第二段到第四段分别讲述了社区中人与人之间的交流；第五、六段从环境保护方面讲述了城市的发展，最后一段进行总结。故B项正确。 阅读写作(二十四) │ 重视篇章结构 【词语辨析】 empty, vacant与hollow (1) empty: 意思是“里面没有东西，一无所有”，具有“空无一物”的隐含意义，它可以用来描绘box，vessel，cupboard，bag，purse，room，house，street，stomach，head 等词。
This trunk is empty.
这只箱子空空如也。 (2) vacant: 意思是“闲着的、无人占据的”，着重指临时性的情况，如：vacant seat，vacant apartment，vacant position等。
第24讲 │ 单词点睛
We have no vacant position here.
我们这里没有空职。 (3) hollow: 意思是“空心的，中空的，空洞的，下陷的”，它常与tree，ball，cheeks，voice，sound，words，promise等词连用。
This is a hollow tree.这是一棵中空的树。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) We found the room ________.
我们发现房间空空的。
(2) A ________ seat was found in this compartment.
在这个车厢里找到了一个空的座位。
(3) I don't like to hear his ________ words.
我不喜欢听他那些空洞的话。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
empty vacant hollow 2．单项填空
If you want to look for a flat to rent to accompany your son to study here, I think there's a ________ one in our neighborhood.
A．thin
B．vacant
C．hollow
D．bare
[解析] B 考查形容词辨析。句意： 如果你想在这儿寻找一套住房来陪你儿子学习，我想在我们住的附近有一套闲置的房子。 thin薄的；vacant空着的，未被占用的，闲置的(指某处暂时没被占用而空着的)，hollow中空的，空心的； bare光秃秃的，裸露的。
第24讲 │ 单词点睛
1 come into being 出现；存在，产生，形成；成立
come into ______ 生效；实施
come into operation
施行，实行；生效
come into view/sight 看见
come into existence
存在
come into ______
开始使用
come into fashion
开始流行
come into ______
掌权 第24讲 │ 短语储存
短语储存 effect
use
power 【注意事项】 come into being为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态形式； come into与come to不同，后者表示“达到或逐渐……”，如come to realize意为“逐渐意识到”。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) The new tax regulations ______________last month.
新税法是上个月生效的。
(2) We don't know when this world ________________.
我们不知道世界是在何时形成的。
(3) As soon as their party ______________ ，they changed
the law.
他们的政党一上台，他们就开始修改法律。
(4) When we reached the top of the mountain，a wide
plain below ___________________.
我们一登上山顶，就望到了下面辽阔的平原。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
came into effect came into being came into power came into view/sight 2．单项填空
Do you know when the system ________？
A．was come into being
B．came into being
C．abolished
D．abandoned
[解析] B 句意：你知道这个制度什么时候形成的吗？come into being“形成；产生”，不能用于被动语态。C、D两项与the system之间是被动关系。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
2 show off 炫耀；卖弄
(1) show sb. around/round 带某人参观
show _____
出现；使清晰，使显露
show the _____
带路；引路
show one's face
露面
(2) talk show
脱口秀
fashion show
时装秀 第24讲 │ 短语储存
up way 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) The child danced around the room, ____________ to
everybody.
那个孩子满屋子跳舞， 向大家炫耀一番。
(2) It was ten o'clock when he finally __________.
十点钟时，他终于到了。
(3) She wanted to ________________________ at the party.
她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新项链。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
showing off showed up show off her new necklace 2．单项填空
Before you start work, I'll show you ________ the building so that you can meet everyone.
A．offB．outC．aroundD．up
[解析] C 考查show动词词组辨析。 句意：在你开始上班之前，我来带你到楼里各处看看，好让你和大家见见面。此处为“带某人参观、 到处转转”之意，应用show sb. around。show off炫耀，卖弄；show sb. out带某人出去； show sb. up揭发某人。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
3 settle down 定居；平静，使安静
settle ____sth. 勉强接受
settle on sth.
选定；决定
take _____
拆毁；记下，记录
write down
写下，记下
put down
放下；记下；镇压
go down
下跌；下去
set down
让某人下车；记下 第24讲 │ 短语储存
for down 【活学活用】 Wait until the excitement has ________. A．settled downB．put down C．set down
D．taken down
[答案] A 第24讲 │ 短语储存
4 take it easy 不着急；轻松，从容
take one‘s chance
碰运气
take one's time
不匆忙；别着急；慢慢来
take sb. wrong
误解(曲解)某人的意思
take sth. seriously
认真对待某事
take _______
拆开
take sb. ____
雇佣； 同某人较量
take ____
占据； 从事； 接下去 第24讲 │ 短语储存
apart on up 【词语辨析】 take it easy与take one's time
(1) take it easy 相当于take things easy，意为“放心好了，别着急”。如：
Hey, your serve is too fast. Take it easy, okay?
嘿，你的发球太快了，轻松一些好不好？ (2) take one's time 相当于don't hurry，意为“别着急”，是从时间上来说的。如：
Would you take your time? I'll have to tidy up myself.请稍候。我要梳理一下。 【注意事项】 在该短语中，easy不能换成easily。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示完成句子
(1) _______________________________ (放松几天)and you
will be able to go to work again.
(2) _______________ (别着急), there's a lot of time left.
(3) ______________(别着急), and you will make it. 第24讲 │ 短语储存
Take it (things) easy for a few days Take your time Take it easy 2．单项填空
—I've got a cough and my chest hurts.
— ________. Let me examine you.
A．Take it easy
B．No, thanks
C．Yes, please
D．Go ahead
[解析] A 考查医生与病人之间的会话。诊断前医生通常会安慰一下病人，使病人不至于过分紧张。所以用 take it easy“别紧张”来对病人表示安慰。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
5 break into 强行进入；闯入
break ____ 破裂；驱散；垮掉
break off
中止；中断；打断；折断
break away
逃走，逃离；断绝(联系)；脱离
break ______
(机器、车辆)坏了；消除
break out
(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)；突然发生， 爆发
break in
闯入，打断，插嘴 【注意事项】 break out无被动语态。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
up down 【活学活用】 1．把下列句子译成汉语，注意break away的意思。
(1) The thief broke away from the policeman.
____________________________________________
(2) He broke away from all his old friends.
____________________________________________
(3) You must break away from such habits.
____________________________________________
第24讲 │ 短语储存
小偷从警察那里逃脱了。
他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。
你必须改掉这些习惯。
2．用break相关短语的适当形式填空
(1) On his way to the bus station, his car ___________.
(2) When he was chatting with his best friend, his little
sister __________.
(3) The prisoner decided __________________the policemen who were watching him.
第24讲 │ 短语储存
broke down broke in to break away from 6 knock into 撞上，碰上，偶然遇到
【情景记忆】 第24讲 │ 短语储存
knock ______ 撞倒；击倒；拆除；降低
knock out
使……筋疲力尽；完成；击倒
knock out of
敲打出来
knock over
撞倒；打翻
knock ____ 减价；停止某事 第24讲 │ 短语储存
down off 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) The boy was so careless that he ___________a tree.
这个男孩如此粗心以致撞到了一棵树上。
(2) Jack ________ his opponent _____in the second round of
the contest.
杰克在比赛的第二回合就把对方击倒了。
(3) He ________a glass _____.
他把玻璃杯打翻了。
(4) They ___________five dollars from the price.
他们把价格降低了五美元。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
knocked into knocked out knocked over knocked off 2．单项填空
(1) One of the powerful actions the government has taken
is to ________ the illegal buildings to restore the
beauty of the city.
A．knock offB．knock into
C．knock down
D．knock out
[解析] C 短语辨析题。knock down “击倒；撞倒；拆毁”。句意：政府采取的有力措施之一是拆除违法建筑物，重新恢复城市的美丽。knock off“击掉；撞掉；(使)停止；完成；结束”； knock into “撞上；偶遇”；
knock out “(用锤)敲打掉；使昏迷；淘汰；使精疲力竭”。 第24讲 │ 短语储存
(2) Lost in thought, he almost ________ a man who carried a heavy box.
A．knocked down
B．knocked out
C．knocked back
D．knocked into
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。knocked down击倒；knocked out打晕；knocked back使大吃一惊；knocked into撞上。句意：由于走神，他差一点撞上一个扛着重箱的人。
第24讲 │ 短语储存
1 What if some married people have affairs? 要是已婚者有婚外情怎么办呢？ 句型公式 What if…？ 假如……又怎么样呢？倘使……将会怎么样？ 【相关拓展】 (1)What about…？……怎么样呢？(表示建议或征求对方意见) (2)What for？为什么？有何用？(＝Why？为何？为什么？) (3)Why don't we…？我们为什么不……呢？(建议) (4)Why not…？为什么不……呢？(建议) 第24讲 │ 句型透视
句型透视 (5)Let's…， shall we…？ 咱们……好吗？ (6)So what? (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)那又怎么样？(口语) 【注意事项】 What if…？通常用来征询意见或用于提出建议，其中if从句用一般现在时表示将来。如： What if he doesn't come？＝What should we do if he doesn't come？如果他不来我们怎么办呢？ 第24讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)
______________________(怎么样)going to the movies?
(2) —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer？
— _____________ (为什么)?
(3) —Your room looks a real mess, Tracy.
— _________ (那又怎么样)? 第24讲 │ 句型透视
What about/How about What for/Why So what 2．单项填空
—He would go to see you.
— ________ he did not come?
A．What ifB．Where if
C．What come
D．Why whether
[解析] A 句意：“他会去看你的。”“如果他不来该怎么办？”根据句意，what if表示“如果……该怎么办？”没有what come结构，只有how come表“为什么”，其他结构的意思与句子意思不符。 第24讲 │ 句型透视
2 The hutongs not only link Beijing's streets and communities after all, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city. 毕竟胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区，还连接了北京的过去和未来，表明北京确实是一个既古老又现代的城市。 句型公式 not only…but also… 第24讲 │ 句型透视
【注意事项】 (1) not just/only…but(also)…连接同等的句子成分，如果连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要与后面的名词或代词保持一致。其中also可省略，也可放在主语之后，强调also后面的部分，与 as well as同义。如：
Not only the teacher but also the students (或but the students also)were invited.不但老师受到了邀请，而且学生们也受到邀请。 (2) not only…but (also)连接两个句子且not only 位于句首时，not only部分的句子采用部分倒装结构。如：
Not only did he come, but also he went to see her.
他不但来了，而且还去看了她。 第24讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语或英文提示完成句子
(1) Not only Mr Smith but also his children _______ (be)
invited to New Year's Party.
(2) Not only ____________________ (老师自己) interested
in football but _______________________ (他所有的 学生)
beginning to show an interest in it.
(3) Physicists study __________light __________sound(不 仅……而且……)．＝Physicists study sound
______________light. 第24讲 │ 句型透视
were is the teacher himself (also)all his students are not only but(also) as well as 第24讲
Unit 24
Society 第24讲 Unit 24
Society 第24讲 │ 美文欣赏 美文欣赏 [2011·湖南卷] Directions：Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按如下要求完成一篇短文： 1．简要描述下图内容，并点明主题； 2．联系实际，表达该图带给你的启示。
注意：1.词数不少于120； 2．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。 第24讲 │ 美文欣赏 【精彩美文】
Countless drops of water bring the sea its vastness；every single tree is the indispensable element of a verdant forest；we people as individuals constitute the society. In order to achieve a goal，everyone ought to make his own contributions. 第24讲 │ 美文欣赏 We are often advised，by people around，to choose those specific popular majors in university in the future，for they think we will be able to enjoy a happier and easier life after graduation if we are doctors，engineers or government officials.However，as far as I am concerned，as long as an individual is contributing his or her part to the society，he or she should be respected，no matter how low the class of his or her job is. As the above picture shows，if every one of us successfully assumes our responsibility，our earth will become a lovely home for human beings. 第24讲 │ 美文欣赏 【全品点睛】
①行文逻辑：提出观点→分析论证→解决问题。较好地使用了连接词语，如： however，as far as I am concerned等。
②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：make his own contributions，specific，assume，contribute…to…等。
③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：for引导并列句，if引导的是条件状语从句：…for they think we will be able to enjoy a happier and easier life after graduation if we are doctors，engineers or government officials；条件状语从句：…as long as an individual is contributing his or her part to the society…；让步状语从句：…no matter how low the class of his or her job is.
第24讲 │ 美文欣赏 基础梳理 Ⅰ.单词荟萃 1. ________ adj. 自愿的→_________n. 自愿者 2. ________ n. 货币→_______adj. 通用的，现在的 3. ________vt. 统治，治理→___________ n. 政府→_________ n. 统治者，管辖者 4. ______ vt & vi. 辞职→ ___________ n. 辞职 5. ______vt. 选举，推选→________ n. 选举 6. ______ n. 食品杂货商→________ n. 杂货店 7. ________n. 口渴→________adj. 渴的 第24讲 │ 基础梳理 voluntary volunteer currency current govern government governor resign resignation elect election grocer grocery thirst thirsty 8. __________ n. 容器→________vt. 包含，包括 9. ________vt. 废除→________ n. 废除， 废止 10. ___________ adv. 因此，所以→ ___________ adj. 作为结果的， 随之发生的→ _____________ n. 结果，后果 第24讲 │ 基础梳理 container contain abolish abolition consequently consequent consequence Ⅱ.短语检测 1．形成，产生
2．转折点
3．故意惹恼
4．炫耀
5．撞上某人
6．原则上
7．判某人死刑
8．富裕的
9．除……外
10．认真对待某人/某物
第24讲 │ 基础梳理 come into being turning point wind sb. up show off knock into sb. on principle sentence sb. to death well off apart from take sb./sth. seriously Ⅲ.佳句再现 1．Trade unions ________ that the government ________ the working week. 工会要求政府缩短每周的工作时间。 2．As a society, ____________that we ______ these issues more seriously. 作为整个社会来讲，我们早就应该更严肃地考虑这些问题。 第24讲 │ 基础梳理 shorten it's high time took demand 3．In this spending circle, _______________, we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough. _________
______, we work towards the ownership of bigger and better houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them. 在这个消费圈中，一方面，我们积累财富但从未感受富足。另一方面，我们为了拥有更大更好的房子和轿车而工作，但又没有时间去享用他们。 4．What is even more unbelievable is ____________some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years.更加令人难以置信的是，有些谋杀犯三、四年之后就被放出了监狱。 第24讲 │ 基础梳理 on the one hand
On the other
hand the fact that 5．An ageing society is one _________the population of people over the age of 60 is increasing rapidly.老年社会是指人口中60岁以上的人迅速增多的社会。
第24讲 │ 基础梳理 in which 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
单词点睛 1 undertake vt. 承担；从事；答应，保证
undertake sth./to do sth./that… 答应，允诺某事/做某事
undertake responsibility
承担责任
undertake to pay ____ one's debts 负责还清债务 off 【词语辨析】 assume, bear, shoulder与undertake (1) assume为正式用词，意为“承担……职责”，其宾语往往是表示身份或职位的名词。如：
He assumed the role of the leader in the emergency. 他在紧急情况下担起了领导的职责。 (2) bear为常用词，意为“承担……负担”，宾语可以是具体的重物， 也可以为抽象的重负。如：
He could not bear that his friends should laugh at him. 他受不了朋友们竟也嘲笑他。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
(3) shoulder为常用词，意为“肩负”，其宾语一般为表示抽象的负担或责任的名词。如：
The manager was ready to shoulder the blame.
经理愿意承担过失。 (4) undertake为正式用词，表示正式接受某项任务、承担某种责任，其宾语为相应的名词。如：
I can't undertake that you will make a profit.
我不能保证你会获利。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示完成句子
(1) They ____________________________ (承担了一个重要 项目)last year.
(2) She ____________________ (答应偿还)the money within
three months.
(3) The manager __________ (承诺) that no one would lose
his job. 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
undertook an important project undertook to pay back undertook 2．单项填空
Don't worry about him, because he simply ________ a secret task at present.
A．undertakesB．agrees
C．works
D．does
[解析] A undertake a task 意为“承担任务”。B、C、D三项均不与task 搭配使用。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
2 sentence n．句子；判决，宣判 vt.判决；宣判
(1) pass/give sentence upon/on sb.
[律]对某人判刑
serve one's sentence
服刑
under sentence of death
被判处死刑
topic sentence
点题句
(2) sentence sb. to sth.
判决，宣判
sentence sb. ____ death
宣判死刑 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
to 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语提示完成句子
(1) He had been _________________ (被罚款) of $ 1,000.
(2) The man was ___________ (监禁) three years in prison. 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
sentenced to a fine sentenced to 2．单项填空
Some people believed that the judge ________ the criminal ________.
A．had sentence; to die
B．would sentenced; to dying
C．had sentenced; to dead
D．would sentence; to death
[解析] D 考查sentence的用法。sentence sb.to death为固定用法，意思是“宣判某人死刑”。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
3 burden n．重负，负重 v．加负担于某人
(1) burden sb./oneself ______ sth.
加……负担于某人/自己
(2) lighten/relieve a burden 减负
carry a burden
负载重物
share a burden
分担责任
shoulder a burden
肩负重担 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
with 【词语辨析】 burden，press与weight (1) burden 多指过重的思想负担。如：
The people were burdened with heavy taxes.
人民为重税所累。 (2) press 压；挤；催促。如：
He pressed his way through the crowd. 他挤过人群。 (3) weight 给……加重量。如：
The ship was weighted too heavily.这艘船负重过大。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) I don't want to ________ you ________ my problems.
我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。
(2) You should carry ________________.
你应该承担家庭重担。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
burden with the family burden 2．单项填空
Since we are parents, we ________ looking after all the family members.
A．are burdened B．bear the burden of
C．burden ourselves
D．put a burden on
[解析] B 句意：既然我们身为父母，就得承担起照顾家人的责任。A、C两项应该改为are burdened with 和 burden ourselves with 才正确。而D项put a burden on sb.意为“使某人承担责任”。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
4 elect vt. 选举 elect sb. to sth. 选举 elect sb. ___ sth.
推选某人做…… 【词语辨析】
select，choose与elect (1) select 着重于经过慎重考虑，从很多对象中挑选出最合适或最满意的。如：
He selected one of his favorite books and read to his children.他选了一本心爱的书念给他的孩子们听。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
as (2) choose是凭着个人的判断能力或意愿进行选择，不特别强调精挑细选。choose sth. 选择某物；choose from 从……中挑选。如：
He has chosen the biggest. 他挑了一个最大的。 (3) elect多指对人的正式选举。如：
To our joy, he was elected as mayor.
使我们惊喜的是，他被选为市长。 第24讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 用select，choose，elect的适当形式填空 (1) There are five pairs of shoes for you to ________ from. (2) We ________ him as chairman of the meeting last week.
(3) She ________ h