【相关拓展】 as作连词，还可以引导时间、原因、比较和让步状语。 Please post the letter for me as you pass the post office.你经过邮局时，请替我寄这封信。 As it rained, I had to stay home. 因为下雨了，我只好呆在家里。 Cold as it was, we went on working. 虽然很冷，我们仍继续干活。
第3讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 小孩子应该学会实事求是地讲话。
A child should learn to tell it
______.
(2) 这条裤子有点儿长， 但我还是要了吧。
The trousers are rather long, but I’ll take them
______________. 2．单项填空
Please do
________
I just said.
A．like B．just as C．as
D．as if
[解析] C as引导的方式状语从句。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
as it is just as
they are 2 However, I do worry that my weight might damage my health. 然而，我真的担心我的体重也许会损坏我的健康。 【句式点拨】 do强调谓语动词worry。如： Do shut up！住口！
Do finish your homework first!
务必先完成你的作业！
【相关拓展】 (1) 强调谓语动词除了助动词do之外，还可以用does或者过去式did。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
He does look tired.
他确实显得疲倦。
She did write to say “thank you”．
她的确写信向你道谢了。 (2) 用单词或短语来强调
Fortunately, he was
just
in time for the first train in the morning.
幸运的是，他及时赶上了早上头班火车。
Though we are good friends, I don’t agree with you
at all
this time.
虽然我们是好朋友，但是这次我根本不赞同你。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
(3) 用感叹句强调
How interesting a story it is!
这是一篇多么有趣的故事啊！ (4) 用倒装句强调
On the table were some flowers.
桌上摆着一些花。 (5) 用强调句型来强调
It was I who/that bought this car in that shop last month.
是我上个月在那家店里买了这辆车。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 (1) 他的确很熟悉这个地方。
He
_________ the place well. (2) 你到那儿后务必给我来信。
________ to me when you get there. (3) 他到底会在哪儿？
Where
___________________ could he be? (4) 这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
That’s the
_____
textbook we used last term. 第3讲 │ 句型透视
does know Do write in the world/on earth very 3 Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school
sports. 步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。 【句式点拨】 句中的so do school sports是一个常见的倒装句式。 so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“某人/某物也……”这种结构的主语不同于前面提到的主语，而是指其他的人或物也有类似的情况。如： He is divorced, and so am I.
他离了婚，我也离了婚。 Mary can speak Chinese, and so can her elder brother.
玛丽会讲汉语，她的哥哥也会讲汉语。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
【相关拓展】 (1) “Neither /Nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。
You don’t like this book. Neither/Nor do I.
你不喜欢这本书，我也不喜欢。 (2) “It is the same with＋名词/代词宾格；So it is with＋名词/代词宾格”表示上述混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一助动词)也适用于该句主语。
He is a worker and he doesn’t go to work by bus, so it is (the same) with her.
他是一名工人并且不乘公交车上班，她也一样。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
3) “So＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 我们家的情形也一样。
_____________________our family.
(2) 去年我在中心学校，我朋友鲍勃也是。
I was at Center School last year. ______ my friend Bob.
(3) ——大卫近来已取得很大进步。
——是的，他是这样的；你也是。
—David has made great progress recently.
—
_________, and
_____________. 第3讲 │ 句型透视
It is just the same with So was So he has so have you 2．单项填空
—It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. ________
yesterday.
A．So was it
B．So it was
C．So it is
D．So is it
[解析] A 根据句意“——今天热极了，不是吗？是的。
——昨天也这么热。”表达前后两者情况相同时，应采用so引导的倒装句，排除B、C。又因为是“昨天”应用过去时，排除D。最后选出A为正确答案。
第3讲 │ 句型透视
第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The change in climate may a ______ your health. 2．I can’t c _________ on work when I am hungry. 3．I was a
_________of myself for not helping the old couple. 4．It is sure that knowledge without common sense _______ (视为) for little. 5．It is reported that the storm last night has caused great
________ (破坏) to the local people. ffect oncentrate shamed counts damage Ⅱ.选词填空(有两项多余)
at the moment， go on diets， work out， lose weight，be dying to， get into shape， make the most of 1．Some film stars have to
__________ to keep slim. 2．I want to
______________ by doing exercises. 3．The students
________________ know the results after the exam. 4．You should
_______________ your spare time to do something useful. 5．Every morning people can see an old couple
_________________ in the park. 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
go on diets get into shape are/were dying to make the most of working/work out Ⅲ.单项填空 1．Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their
________ , some people often drink alcohol.
A．temperB．mood
C．consciousness
D．pressures
[解析] D 由“Life is tough”可知D项正确。pressure压力；temper脾气；mood情绪；consciousness意识，知觉。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
2．Elephants are the most popular animals in the zoo in China;
________ , they play an important role in everyday life in some countries.
A．as usual
B．as a matter of fact
C．as a result
D．in an effect
[解析] B 句意：大象在中国的动物园是最受欢迎的动物，实际上它们在一些国家的日常生活中起着重要的作用。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
3．Surely it doesn’t matter where the Student Associations get their money from; what ________ is what they do with it.
A．counts
B．applies
C．stresses
D．functions
[解析] A count意为“重要，有价值”；apply意为“申请， 适用”；stress意为“着重， 强调， 重读”；function意为“(器官等)活动， 运行， 行使职责”。句意：学生协会的资金来自何处这并不重要，重要的是他们用这笔资金做什么。故答案选A项。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
4．He lost his backpack, which
________
a lot of things,
________
an expensive camera.
A．contained; contained
B．included; included
C．contained; including D．included; containing
[解析] C 句意：他的背包丢了，里面有许多东西，包括一个昂贵的相机。首空强调“整体包含”，第二空强调“包括部分”，故选C。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
5．We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite ________.
A．find out
B．give out
C．hand out
D．work out
[解析] D 考查动词短语辨析。find out意为“查出来，找到”；give out意为“分发， 发出(气味、热等), 发表， 用尽， 精疲力竭”；hand out意为“分发”；work out此处意为“被努力地完成，被巧妙地处理”。句意：我们原想在中午之前完成任务的，但它还没有完全地被完成。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
6．I can’t ________
my studies with all that noise going on.
A．devote to
B．concentrate on
C．knock down
D．apply to
[解析] B concentrate on集中于，符合题意。devote oneself to专心于；knock down撞倒；apply to适用。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
7．There is
________
water and the farmers can use it to irrigate their fields.
A．a great deal
B．a large number of
C．a plenty of
D．a large amount of
[解析] D a large amount of接不可数名词；a great deal后应有of，a large number of后接可数名词复数，C项应该是plenty of。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
8．The new law has come into
________
; surely it will have
________
on industry of the country.
A．affect; an effect
B．effect; affect
C．effect; an effect
D．an effect; an effect
[解析] C come into effect 与have an effect on均为固定短语。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
9．She felt
________
of having done that and tears ran down her cheeks.
A．shame
B．ashamed
C．sorry
D．disappointed
[解析] B feel ashamed of“对……感到惭愧”，由tears ran down…知符合题意。 第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
10．—Why didn’t Jack play football yesterday?
—Because he had ________
his leg.
A．damaged
B．destroyed
C．hurt
D．hit
[解析] C hurt“受伤”，其他各项均不能表示人受伤。
第3讲 │ 跟踪训练
阅读写作(三)
完形填空技法指导之首句理解
阅读写作(三)[完形填空技法指导之首句理解 ]
阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 重视首句理解 首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。首句往往是整篇文章的统领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常有承上启下的作用，是文章发展过程中的重要线索。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读了首句后，应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。 例1 [2011·江西卷] (节选) What a busy day！The three boys were fed，bathed and changed into their nightclothes. Mary had 1 them a story and finally they were asleep. “Babysitting (照看)the three boys aged eight，six and four is extremely
2
，”she thought. 1． A. given
B．written
C．told
D．taught 2． A. successful
B．helpful
C．tiring
D．surprising 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 【点睛】 本文为记叙文，文章一开始寥寥数语就点明了故事的时间、人物、地点。由此不难预测文章可能是关于保姆玛丽在照顾小孩时的一段故事。 1．C 联系前文的喂孩子、帮孩子洗澡和换衣服等可知，这里指的是给孩子讲故事哄他们睡觉。故答案选C。 2．C 联系前文可知照看三个孩子的工作令人很疲倦。A项“成功的”；B项“有帮助的”；C项“令人疲倦的”；D项“令人惊奇的”；只有C符合语境。 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 例2 [2010·全国卷Ⅰ] (节选) It was a busy morning，about 8：30，when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment (约会) at 9：30. The nurse had him take a
1
in the waiting area, 2 him it would be at least 40 minutes
3
someone would be able to see him… 1． A. breath
B．Test C．seat
D．break 2． A. persuading
B．Promising
C．understanding
D．telling 3． A. if
B．Before C．since
D．after 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 【点睛】 本文为记叙文，从短文的第一句话我们可以知道事情发生的时间是早上8：30，地点是一家医院，而人物则是一位80多岁的老人。从下文内容可知这位老人来到医院的目的是看病，并且他赶时间，因为他在9：30有一个约会。护士领着他来到等候区，告诉他至少要等40分钟才会有医生来为他看病。由此分析可知答案分别为：1.C 2.D 3.B。 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 【活学活用】 When I began planning to move to Auckland to study，my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences. Ignoring these 1 ，I got there in July 2010. 2 I arrived，I realized the importance of getting a job 3 my living expenses. Determined to do this 4 ， I spent several weeks going door－to－door for a job, but found 5 response(回应)． 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 1． A. doubts
B. concerns
C. instructions
D. reasons 2． A. Even if
B. Every time
C. Now that
D. Soon after 3． A. of
B. at
C. for
D. with 4． A. on my own
B. on my way
C. by any chance
D. by the day 5． A. any
B. much
C. some
D. little 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解 [解析]
1．B 根据上文提示，妈妈对“我”去奥克兰有很多顾虑，而“我”忽视这些“顾虑”，于2010年7月去了奥克兰。concern表示“顾虑”。 2．D 到了那里后不久就意识到为“我”的生活开销找一份工作的重要性。表示“很快，不久”，应用soon after。 3．C 表示“为我的生活开销”，故用介词for。 4．A 从后来作者一次又一次地找工作可以看出是作者“独自”找工作。故用on my own。 5．D 从but可以看出，尽管作者挨家挨户地找工作，但是没有得到回复。故用表示否定的词little。 阅读写作(三) │ 重视首句理解
have an effect
_________ 对……有影响
have no/much/some effect on/upon
对……没有∕有很大∕有一些影响
be of no effect
无效，没有作用；不中用
side effect
副作用
bring/put sth. into effect
使某物开始使用
come into effect
实行，实施
give effect to sth.
使生效
___
effect
实际上 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
on/upon in 【易混辨析】 affect与effect (1) affect影响，是及物动词，暗示产生的影响如此强烈，以至能引起反应。通常是指对身体、思想或情绪带来的不良影响。 (2) effect影响，是名词，其动词意为“招致，促成，产生”。
What effect will the drug have on him？＝How will the drug affect him?
这药对他有什么影响？
The disease affected his mind very much.
疾病极大地损害了他的大脑。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．用affect和effect的适当形式填空
(1) I have a great
_________
for New York.
(2) We were deeply
_______ by the news of her death.
(3) The tax increases have
_______ us all.
(4) Alcohol has a very bad
______ on drivers. 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
affection affected affected effect 2．单项填空
His
________
words had little
________
the naughty boy.
A．affected; effect on
B．affecting; effect on
C．affecting; an effect on
D．affected; an effect on
[解析] B 句意：他感人的话语对于那个淘气的男孩几乎没有任何影响。affecting 令人感动的；句中有little，因此effect 不可数，故选B。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
6 equipment n．(the set of necessary tools, clothing，etc. for a particular purpose) 器材；设备
(1) a piece of equipment
一件设备
(2) equip v.
装备，配备
equip... _____
...
给……配备有
equip... _____
...
为……而配备
【温馨提示】 equip分词形式要双写p，即equipped，equipping。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
with for 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 他们无力装备自己的军队。
They can’t afford to
______
their army.
(2) 我们计划在星期日以前完成设备的调试工作。
We plan to finish the adjustment of the
_________
before Sunday. 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
equip equipment 2．单项填空
Recently our school brought in a lot of
________
from abroad.
A．equipments
B．equipment
C．advices
D．informations
[解析] B 考查名词的单复数。equipment和information都是不可数名词。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
7 count vi.(determine the number or amount of) 认为，算作；有重要性；vt.数数
(1) count in
把……考虑/计算在内
count out
不把……算在内；数出
count down
倒计数，倒计时
count on/upon
依靠，依赖，指望
count up to
达到，共计
count for
对……有价值，有重要性
count against
被认为对……不利
count...as
认为……(相当于regard/treat/consider...as)
(2) countless adj.
数不尽的
countable adj.
可数的 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 上汽车后，老师清点了人数。
The teacher
__________________ after they got on the
bus.
(2) 我一直以为幸福比金钱更重要。
I’ve
always believed that happiness
_______________ money. 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
counted the students counts more than 2．单项填空
The manager says he needs an assistant that he can ________ to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence.
A．depend
B．turn up
C．count up
D．count on
[解析] D 根据题意“经理需要一个他不在时可以指望来处理事务的助手。”可知，count on指望，依靠。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
8 concentrate vt.&vi.(direct one’s attention on something) 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
(1) concentrate
_________ 集中于……，相当于focus one’s
attention on/upon 把注意力集中于……；fix one’s
attention on/upon把注意力集中于……和direct one’s
attention to将注意力转向……
(2) concentrated adj. 决心要做的；集中的；浓缩的
(3) concentration n.
集中注意力；专心；集中 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
on/upon 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
This firm
____________________________
(把工作重点集中在欧洲市场)． 2．单项填空
We should
________
all our attention on improving education.
A．pay
B．Concentrate
C．draw
D．attract
[解析] B 题意：我们应该致力于改进教育工作。concentrate one’s attention on“集中注意力于”；pay attention to“注意”；attract one’s attention to“把某人注意力吸引到”；draw attention to“使关注”。故选B。
第3讲 │ 单词点睛
concentrates on European market 1 be dying to do sth. 迫切希望……，渴望做……
be dying
___
... 渴望……
die of
因(患)……而死
die from
由于……而死；因……致死
die
______
逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊
die away
逐渐停止；逐渐消失
die off
相继死去
die
_____
逐渐消失；灭绝 第3讲 │ 短语储存
短语储存 for down out 【温馨提示】 表示“渴望做……”的短语有：can’t wait to do...; long to do...; be anxious to do...; be eager to do...等。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) No one has come up with a good explanation of why
dinosaurs
_________ (灭绝)．
(2) He has realized the dangers of smoking and is
______________________ (很想戒掉它) now. 2．单项填空
After walking in the desert for such a long time, he
________
a drink.
A．was dying for
B．died out
C．would die
D．was dying down
[解析] A be dying for渴望，符合题意。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
died out dying to give it up 2 work out 锻炼
(1) work on /at
从事，致力于，钻研
work off
通过干活使消除掉，发泄
work up
逐步发展
work up to sth.
逐渐走到(更高或更深的程度)
(2) at work
在工作
in work
有工作
out of work
失业 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【温馨提示】 work out还有其他词义，如：计算；解决问题；制定出；理解；成功，产生结果。 【易混辨析】 work out与turn out 两个短语都有“最后结果是”之意，但work out是不及物动词短语，且常与well或badly连用；而turn out是系动词短语，其用法有：turn out＋adj.; turn out to be…；It turns out that...。如： Don’t worry; I’m sure it will all turn out fine.
不要担心，我敢肯定一切最终会好起来的。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
It turned out that he didn’t get the job in the end.
结果是，他没有得到那份工作。 His statement turned out to be false.
他说的那番话后来证明是一派胡言。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．指出下列各句中work out的含义
(1) We must work out a plan as quickly as we can.
(2) Have you worked out the problem yet?
(3) I can’t work out the meaning of this sentence.
(4) If the traffic plan works out, it will be used in other
cities, too.
第3讲 │ 短语储存
制定 解决 理解 奏效 2．单项填空
We were supposed to move into our new classroom building at the beginning of the month, but things didn’t
________
as planned.
A．work out
B．carry out
C．move out
D．turn out
[解析] A work out意为“(事情)进展(很好)”，符合题意。carry out执行，实施；move out搬出；开始行动；turn out结果是。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
3 used to do... 过去常常做……
(1) be/get used
____sth./doing sth.
习惯于某事/做某事
(2) use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
be used to do/for doing sth. 被用来做某事
【易混辨析】
(1) 表示“过去常常”用would或used to：would只是强调过去常常发生的动作；而used to却强调今昔对比，即过去常常发生的动作现在已经不再发生。如： 第3讲 │ 短语储存
to
Edison would spend time reading in the public
library.
爱迪生过去常常花时间在公共图书馆读书。
I used to get up late but now I get up early.
我过去起床晚，但现在我起得早了。 (2) 表示“现在常常”用will：表示现在的习惯动作，特有的行为和社会风尚，常意为“总是，老是”。如：
She will sit talking to him for hours.
她老是和他坐下来谈上好几个小时。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
她过去常常一人在房间里听录音带达几个小时。
She
______________listen to records, alone in her room for hours. 第3讲 │ 短语储存
used to/would 2．单项填空
Jack ________ turn to his teacher for help when he ran across difficult problems in study, but now he
________
solving them on his own.
A．used to; used to
B．used to; is used to
C．was used to; used to
D．was used to; is used to
[解析] B 考查use的用法。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；而be used to do sth.表示被用来做某事。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
4 in the long term 从长远角度看；就长期而言
in the short term
就短期而言
in the short run
从短期来看，不久
in terms of
从……角度，从……方面
in one’s terms
就某人看来
in relative terms
相对而言
on easy terms
以分期付款的方式
on equal/the same terms 在平等的/相同的条件下
be on good/bad terms with sb.
与某人的关系好/不好 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) Running, _______________ (从长远来看), is useful to
our health.
(2)
_______________ (从长远看), prices are bound to rise. 第3讲 │ 短语储存
in the long term In the long term 2．单项填空
Protecting our environment is very costly, but
________ , it will benefit the whole society.
A．in the long way
B．on the long way
C．on the long run
D．in the long run
[解析] D 题意：保护环境花费巨大，但从长远来看，这将有利于整个社会。in the long run＝in the long term“从长远来看”，是固定短语。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
5 in no time 立刻，很快
no time
任何时候都不，从来没有
at a time
一次，每次
at one time
一度，曾经(＝once)
at the same time
与此同时；虽然如此
from time to time
时而，不时地
__
time
及时；迟早，终究
on time
准时，按时
__
the time being
暂时
at times
有时
all the time
一直 第3讲 │ 短语储存
in for at 【温馨提示】 与in no time意思相近的词语：at once；right away; immediately；instantly等。 第3讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。
We’ll have that leak fixed
_________. 2．单项填空
Don’t worry. I think the train will come
________ .
A．in time
B．at all times C．at a time
D．in no time
[解析] D 题意：不用担心，我想火车马上就会来。in no time“立刻，马上”；in time“及时，迟早”；at all times“总是”；at a time“一次，连续地”。
第3讲 │ 短语储存
in no time 1 I think you look great as you are. 我觉得你这样就挺 好。 【句式点拨】 as you are 是as引导的方式状语从句，意思是“照你现状，照你原样”。此处as意为“正如”，如： Every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did. 就像老师那样，每个学生把一个手指放在他们的嘴里。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
句型透视 You don’t have to change yourself—you are fine just as you are. 不必改变自己——你这样就很好。 Leave the table as it is. 别动那张桌子。 第3讲 │ 句型透视
第3讲
Unit 3
Looking good, feeling good 第3讲 Unit 3
Looking good, feeling good
第3讲 │ 美文欣赏 美文欣赏 假设你是校刊英文版的编辑，请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇题目为 “Top Meal of the Day” 的文章登在校刊上。
要求：1.请按照要求写一篇文章，内容充实，上下文连贯通顺；2.词数：120左右。 现状 许多高中学生不吃早餐(skip breakfast)，其结果不仅影响白天的学习，而且导致身体变差。 原因 1.认为早餐不重要，可有可无； 2．早晨时间匆忙，为了节省时间不吃早餐； 3．女孩为了减肥而不吃早餐。 建议 每位学生都应该每天吃早餐。原因……(自定，至少两个)。 【精彩美文】 Top Meal of the Day
Nowadays it's common for many highschool students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.
When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary, while others say they have too little time in the morning to have breakfast. And a third group, mostly girls, say they want to lose weight so they skip breakfast. 第3讲 │ 美文欣赏 We suggest that every student should have breakfast properly
every
day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day. In addition, having breakfast can help you to concentrate in class and study more efficiently.
第3讲 │ 美文欣赏 【全品点睛】
①行文逻辑：描述现状→解释原因→给出建议。较好地使用了连接词语，如：while，so，in addition等。
②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：skip, lead to, provide, concentrate, efficiently等。
③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：宾语从句，非谓语动词结构在时间状语从句中的运用：When asked why they skip breakfast, some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day, and think it unnecessary，…；包含了虚拟语气的宾语从句，since引导的原因状语从句，that引导的定语从句： We suggest that every
第3讲 │ 美文欣赏 student should have breakfast properly every day, since breakfast can provide the necessary energy that one needs every day；非谓语动词以及it作形式主语语法结构的使用：it's common for many highschool students to skip breakfast, leading to both poor school performance and damage to their health.
第3讲 │ 美文欣赏 基础梳理 Ⅰ. 单词荟萃 1．ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的→ _______ n．羞耻；憾事→ _________adj.可耻的；不道德的 2．energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 →
______
n．精力；能量；精神 3．attractive adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的→
______
vt.吸引 4．embarrassed adj.尴尬的，不好意思的，难为情的→
_________
vt.使困窘→
______________n．窘迫；拮据 5．suffer vt.& vi.受苦；遭受→
_________
n．痛苦 第3讲 │ 基础梳理 shame shameful energy attract embarrass embarrassment suffering 6．achievement n．成就→
_________
vt.& vi.完成，达到；实现 7．equipment n．器材；设备→
_________
vt.装备，配备 8．comfort n．安慰；舒适→ __________
adj.安慰的，舒适的→
_____________
adv.舒适地 9．mostly adv.主要地；通常→
_______
adj.最多的；大多数的；adv.最；非常 10．concentrate vt.& vi.集中；全神贯注→
______________
n．集中 第3讲 │ 基础梳理 achieve equip comfortable comfortably most concentration Ⅱ.短语检测 1．锻炼 2．节食 3．脱落 4．强身健体 5．充分利用 6．从长远角度看 7．事实上，其实 8．羞愧，难为情 9．减肥 10．立刻，马上 第3讲 │ 基础梳理 work out
go on a diet
fall out
get into shape
make the most of
in the long term
as a matter of fact
be ashamed of
lose weight
in no time Ⅲ.佳句再现 1．为使自己好看、感觉舒服你做什么？
What do you do to
_____________________good and feeling good?
2．我以前经常去健身房，一周三次，但我现在不锻炼了。
I
_________go to the gym three times a week, but I do ___
work out
_________. 3．我觉得你这样就挺好。
I think you look great
___
you are. 第3讲 │ 基础梳理 keep yourself looking used to any more as not 4．然而，我真的担心我的体重也许会损坏我的健康。
However, I
_________that my weight might damage my health. 5．嗯，也许我不想受伤。
Hmm, maybe I don’t want to
_________. 6．步行和骑自行车就算，校内的体育活动也算。
Walking and riding your bike count, and
________________.
第3讲 │ 基础梳理 do worry get hurt so do school sports 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
单词点睛 1 ashamed adj.(feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment) 惭愧的，羞愧的
(1) be ashamed
___
感到难为情的，感到羞耻的
be ashamed to do sth.
耻于做某事
be ashamed that...
感到愧疚的是……
(2) shame n.
羞愧，羞耻
(3) shameful adj.
无耻的，丢脸的 of 【易混辨析】 ashamed和shameful 这两个形容词同义，都作“可耻的”讲，只是前者是对人而言，所以要用于人称结构；后者是对事而言，所以要用于非人称结构。 She was ashamed of her husband’s conduct. 她为她丈夫的行为感到可耻。(主语是she) She felt that her husband’s conduct was shameful. 她觉得她丈夫的行为可耻。(主语是conduct) 【温馨提示】 英语中很多以a开头的形容词，如asleep，afraid，awake，aware，alive等，一般作表语或后置定语。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．同义句转换 I felt ashamed for my stupid mistake. I
______________ my stupid mistake. 2．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 我很久未曾写信， 甚为惭愧。
I
_______________ I haven’t written for so long.
(2) 我真不好意思说我已经三年没上教堂了。
I’m
______________ I haven’t been to church for three
years. 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
was ashamed of feel ashamed that ashamed to say 2 contain v．包含，含有，容纳
container n.
容器，集装箱
containment n.
控制，抑制
【易混辨析】 contain与 include
第3讲 │ 单词点睛
contain “含有，容纳，装有”，侧重所含的量与成分。如：The hall can contain 200 people.这个大厅可容纳二百人。 include “包括，包含……在内”，指包括或容纳某物成为其整体的一部分，侧重整体与部分的对比。 【图片助记】
第3讲 │ 单词点睛
【温馨提示】 常用include的现在分词或过去分词来做解释说明，意为“其中包括”。结构为：including sb./sth.＝sb./sth. included。如： Everyone did a good job, including little Tom＝little Tom included. 大家都表现得不错，小汤姆也不错。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．用include或contain的适当形式填空
(1) Everyone in the company donated some money to
Hope
Project, the manager _________ .
(2) The money you pay _________ postage and packing.
(3) Eat more fruit, for it
_________ a lot of vitamins.
(4) My mother went to the supermarket and bought some
fruits, _________ some apples. 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
included includes contains including 2．单项填空
The newlypublished book
________
thirty maps,
________
five of Japan.
A．contains; including
B．is containing; including
C．includes; contained
D．includes; containing
[解析] A contain侧重所含的量，including在这里为介词。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
3 damage v．& n．损坏，伤害
badly/seriously damage
严重损坏
cause/do damage
____
对……造成伤害
suffer damage
遭受损害
【易混辨析】 damage, destroy, ruin, hurt, wound, injure与harm
(1) damage意为“破坏，损坏”，着重指事物的价值或功能受到 破坏或损坏，常常是局部的，或是可能修复的。作名词时 常用于do little/a lot of/much damage to的结构中。如： 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
to
The hurricane damaged many houses.
飓风破坏了许多房子。
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.
因为长期生病的缘故她的心脏受到轻微的损坏。 (2) destroy只能作动词用，其表示的损害程度远大于damage，一般指较大损害且已不能被挽救或修复，本意是“摧毁，毁掉，消灭”。destroy还可以用于比喻意，如：destroy one’s hopes, career, reputation 毁掉某人的希望、事业、名誉。如：
The desk was completely destroyed. Let’s throw it away.
这书桌已被完全损坏，咱们扔了它吧。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
(3) ruin可作名词，也可作动词，强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行为。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复。它强调的是破坏的长期结果。如：
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨毁掉了庄稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。 (4) hurt为一般用语，作动词用时，可以指“(肉体上的轻微)伤害”，也可以指“(精神上的)伤害”。此外，hurt作不及物动词时，意为“痛”。如： 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
He hurt his leg when he fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来的时候伤了腿。 I was very much hurt/injured at what he said just now.
我听到他刚才所说的话深受伤害。 —What’s the matter?
——你哪里不舒服？ —My left hand hurts. ——我左手疼。 第3讲 │ 单词点睛
(5) wound作动词时，一般指在战斗、战争、搏斗中受到“枪伤，刀伤”等。如：
She was wounded in the back by a bullet.
她的后背被一颗子弹打伤了。
Lao Li was wounded in that war three times.
老李在那场战争中受了三次伤。 (6) injure常指由于意外事故而引起的肉体上的损伤；或指由于不公正的行为造成对人或物在名誉、价值、精神等方面的损害，强调故意伤害。如：
His fat