2．段中常用语：
(1) There will be a talk this afternoon.
(2) The Student Union has decided that…
(3) We shall have a lecture on…
(4) It has been decided that we'll pay a visit to… 3．段尾常用语：
(1) Please be there on time and don't be late.
(2) I hope you can have a good time.
(3) That's all. Thank you. 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 4．书面通知格式模板： In order to ________， ________ is to be held on ________ (day), ________ (date), at ________ (time) in ________
(place). Whoever is interested in it is welcome to attend ________. Those who want to take part in ________ please sign up at the Student Union. Please remember: ________. 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 5．口头通知格式模板： Ladies and gentlemen， Your attention，please. I have something to tell you. 具体内容：______________________________________________________ Please remember： Time: ________
Place: ________
Thank you for listening. 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 【活学活用】 你校学生会将召开选举新主席的大会。假如你是留学生班班长李华，请你用英语在班里宣布一个口头通知，要点如下： 1．时间：下周五下午3：00—5：00； 地点：图书馆三楼讲座厅； 2．参选的同学先作自我介绍和五分钟演讲，最后进行投票； 3．希望全体同学参加，不要迟到或缺席； 4．报名的同学要准备一份自我简介和简短演讲稿。 注意：词数100左右；开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 参考词汇：学生会：the Student Union 报名： enter for 选举： elect 投票： vote Boys and girls， May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. __________________________________________________ That's all. Thank you! 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 【参考范文】
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
Next Friday afternoon, from 3：00 to 5：00 pm, in the lecture hall on the third floor of the school library, the Student Union will hold a meeting to elect a new chairman. First, all the students who want to enter for the election will give a self－introduction, followed by a five－minute speech. And finally, the voting will be carried out. 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 Everybody is required to attend the meeting. Be sure not to be late or absent. By the way, remember to prepare an introduction of yourself as well as a short speech if you want to have a go.
That's all.
Thank you!
阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 第8讲 │ 句型透视
while 作名词用，表示“一会儿”，如for a while。 作连词可以引导时间状语、让步状语从句(意思是“虽然……但是……；尽管……但是……”)(多放于句首)和条件状语从句(意思是“只要”)。 作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，侧重于前后的对比关系。而but侧重于转折。注意用心比较体会while与but在句中的用法。 while引导时间状语从句时其后的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句的两个动词同时发生。 【易混辨析】 while，when和as 三者都译为“当……的时候”，区别为：when后的从句谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词，而且还可作并列连词，译为“这时”。但以下句型一定用when作并列连词： 句型A：be about to do...when... 正要做……这时(发生另一事) 句型B：was/were doing...when... 正在……这时(发生另一事) 句型C：had done...when... 刚要做……这时(发生另一事) 第8讲 │ 句型透视
We were about to set out when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发天突然下雨了。 He had hardly sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他刚一坐下手机就响了。 while后的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句的两个动作同时发生；while也可作并列连词，表示两个动作的对比，译为“而”、“然而”。as则表示两个变化中的动作的同时性，译为“一边……一边……”。 While his mother was cooking in the kitchen，the boy fell asleep in the chair. 他妈妈在厨房做饭时，那个男孩在椅子上睡着了。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。
The son was having a good meal at home, ______ the parents were working in the fields. 第8讲 │ 句型透视
while 2．单项填空
Mary made coffee ________
her guests were finishing their meal.
A．so that
B．although
C．while
D．as if
[解析] C 考查连词的用法。句意：在客人们将要结束用餐的时候玛丽煮咖啡。so that译为“以便”表示目的，although译为“尽管，虽然”，as if译为“好像”，while译为“当……的时候”，因此while符合句意，选择C。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
2 It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. 肯定的是这个进程还将继续，并且人们还在不断发明新词和说出这些事物的新方法。
句型公式 “It’s certain that＋陈述句”确信……，毫无疑问的是…… 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【句式点拨】 (1) 此句型中it为形式主语， 真正的主语是其后的that从句。certain adj.意为 “确定的”，主要用作表语，与sure用法相似，但sure后跟宾语从句时，sure前的主语必须是人。如：
It’s certain that every effect must have a cause.
无疑，每个结果都有原因。
I’m not sure whether I should tell you this.
我拿不准该不该把这件事告诉你。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
(2) be certain of/about肯定，有把握；make certain of/about sth.确保某事；be certain/sure to do一定会做。
You’d better leave now if you want to make certain of getting there on time.
你要想准时到达那里的话，最好马上离开。
It’s certain that he will come tomorrow.
He is sure /certain to come tomorrow.
他明天肯定来。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【相关拓展】 另外，certain表示“某一，某种”时，不能用sure替换。 Certain things are not openly spoken about.有些事是不公开讨论的。 He is certain/sure of grammar in English learning. 在英语学习中，他对英语语法很有把握。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 It is
________
that his English is
________
perfect. A．sure; very
B．right; rather C．exact; fairly
D．certain; quite
[解析] D It is certain that…是一个常用的句型。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
3 Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. 并不是所有汉字都是从对物体的画图发展而来的。
句型公式 表示部分否定 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【句式点拨】 all用于否定句时，表示部分否定。另外，both与every及every的合成词用于否定句也表示部分否定，表示 “并非两者都……”；“并不是每个都……”。如： All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly.
所有的鸟都有翅膀，但并非所有的鸟都会飞。 Not every student can be hardworking.
并不是每个学生都会努力学习的。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【温馨提示】 如果句中出现none, neither, nobody, nothing, never等时，表示全部否定。如： None of them are right. 他们都不对。 Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。 Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。
I’ll never forget him. 我永远都不会忘记他。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 他们俩都不懂英语。
________________ knows English.
(2) 他们俩并不是都参加了会议。
_____________ didn’t attend the meeting.
(3) 并不是所有的球类都是圆的。
_______________are round. 第8讲 │ 句型透视
Neither of them Both of them Not all the balls 2．单项填空
________
the students want to pass the college entrance examination.
A．Not both
B．Not all
C．Not every
D．Not every of
[解析] B 考查部分否定。句意：不是所有学生都想通过高考。根据题意和空格后的the students可知选择B项。 第8讲 │ 句型透视
第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is hard to d_________
him from his twin brother. 2．He was c_________
about the energy shortage and drought in Guangdong. 3．No one can
_________ (取代)your position! 4．They failed in their attempt to
______
(占领)the island. 5．We should learn to
_________
(结合)our business with pleasure. istinguish oncerned
replace occupy
combine
Ⅱ.选词填空
take control of， consist of，
lead to，differ from， as a whole 1．This club _________ more than 200 members. 2．He __________________ his anger and explained that these people were subtle (狡猾的)． 3．Any lack of understanding can _________ disqualification. 4．Old English _________ greatly ______ modern English we use today. 5．Considering your idea _________ , I think it will contribute significantly to the development of the company. However, it may cause some problems as well. 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
consists of took control of lead to differs as a whole
from Ⅲ.单项填空 1．Be quiet! It’s rude to
________
people when they are talking.
A．stopB．introduce
C．prevent
D．interrupt
[解析] D 根据“Be quiet！”可知该句的语境是有人谈话时，另外的人在不停地打断。stop somebody意为“使……停下来，制止”；introduce是“介绍”；prevent sb.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”；interrupt 意为“打断……”，“中断”或“插话”。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
2．I’m thinking of doing something creative in the interview to
________
myself
________
other interviewees.
A．refer; to
B．name; after
C．distinguish; from
D．attach; to
[解析] C 句意：我正在考虑在面试中做一些有创造性的东西使自己与其他的面试者不同。refer to提到，参考，涉及；name after以……命名；distinguish from使……与……不同；attach…to附属，加上。根据句意可知选C项。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
3．This test
________
a number of multiple choice questions.
A．is consisted of
B．is made of
C．composes of
D．is made up of
[解析] D 句意：这次测试包含很多多项选择题。be made up of＝consist of(无被动语态形式)＝be composed of “由……组成”，be made of “由……制成”。故选D项。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
4．The thirteen stars on the flag
________
the thirteen colonies that have announced independence.
A．design
B．sign
C．represent
D．compare
[解析] C 句意：旗帜上的十三颗星代表已宣布独立的十三个殖民地。represent“代表；象征”，符合题意。design“设计”；sign“签名”；compare“比较”。故选C。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
5．Everything was perfect for the picnic
________
the weather.
A．in place of
B．as well as
C．aside from
D．in case of
[解析] C 考查短语辨析。A项in place of表示“代替，取代”；B项as well as表示“又，也，还”；C项aside from在这里相当于except for，意思是“除……之外”，表示在说明了基本(整体)情况之后，再对细节进行说明；D项in case of表示“万一，假使”。句意：除天气之外，所有情况对于野炊来说非常好。在本句中，可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节，故选C。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
6．He was
________
from driving for six months because of breaking the rule.
A．banned
B．protected
C．allowed
D．differed
[解析] A 句意：因为违章，他被禁止开车六个月。ban sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”，此处考查该短语在被动语态中的用法。protect sb. from“保护某人不受……”allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”；differ from“不同于”。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
7．On Monday morning, while the sun was ________
in the east, we watched the national flag
________
to the top of the pole.
A．raising; raise
B．rising; being raised
C．raising; rise
D．rising; being risen
[解析] B 考查动词辨析。太阳的升起应该用不及物动词rise，排除A、C。being后接及物动词raised，排除D。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
8．It was your decision rather than ours that
________
his being involved in the matter.
A．resulted from
B．lay in
C．brought in
D．led to
[解析] D 句意：是你们的而不是我们的决定使他卷入这个事件中。lead to“导致”，相当于result in，符合题意。result from“由……引起”；lie in“在于”；bring in“引进”。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
9．If they can
________
their natural ability with hard work, they will be successful.
A．join
B．connect
C．link
D．combine
[解析] D 句意：如果他们把天分和勤奋结合起来，他们会成功的。combine…with…表示“把……和……结合起来”，符合语境。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
10．In many aspects natural clones，such as identical twins，do not differ greatly
________ manmade ones.
A．from
B．in
C．between
D．with
[解析] A 考查介词。句意：在许多方面，自然克隆，诸如同卵双胞胎，就大大不同于人造的。differ from不同于……。 第8讲 │ 跟踪训练
阅读写作(八)
应用文写作之通知
阅读写作(八)[应用文写作之通知 ]
阅读写作(八) │ 写作点拨 写作点拨 通知(notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某种事情等时使用的一种应用文体，通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。 1．口头通知是面对面地把信息传达给对方。这种通知开头应有称呼语，正式场合用Ladies and gentlemen(女士们、先生们), 有时也可以用Boys and girls或Comrades and friends(同志们、朋友们)等。开头还常有提醒听众注意的开场白， 如Attention, please.或May I have your attention, please？或I have an announcement to make.等；结尾常说That' all. Thank you.或Thank you for listening.等， 以示礼貌。口头通知无需说明发布通知的日期和发布通知的人(单位)。 阅读写作(八) │ 写作点拨 2．写书面通知时，应明确写出发出通知的单位和日期。一般情况下，书面通知的首行中央写上Notice。通知的发布单位常写在正文结束的右下角，也可以写在Notice 的上方或前面，发布通知的日期一般写在正文的左下角(在落款的下一行)或写在通知正文的右上角(在Notice的下一行)。口头通知和书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容，因而多用将来时，一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了，条理清晰，准确无误，特别是时间概念很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。
阅读写作(八) │ 写作点拨 阅读写作(八) │ 词句模板 词句模板 1．段首常用语：
(1) May I have/call your attention, please?
(2) Attention, please, everybody!
(3) I have an announcement to make.
(4) I have something to tell you. 【活学活用】 (1) 我不是像你说的那种人。
I am not what you __________________. (2) 他们说他们代表该委员会。
They said that they
___________ the committee. (3) 该大使向白宫提出了强烈抗议。
The ambassador
____________________________the White House. (4) 博物馆中有几幅画家早期风格的代表作。
The museum had several paintings
______________
the artist’s early styles. 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
represent me to be represented made forceful representations to representing 9 combine vt & vi.组合；(使)联合 (1) combine A with/and B 将A与B结合
combine to do sth.
联合做某事 (2) combination n.
联合，结合；联合体，结合体 【易混辨析】
第8讲 │ 单词点睛
combine 意为“结合、联合”，指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起； connect “连接”，指用东西把两事物连接在一起，或两事物直接相连， 二者仍保持原状； join 意为“连接”，指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指两物互相紧密相接； unite 意为“联合”，指两种以上的事物结合为一体，有“合二为一”的意味，强调结合后的统一性。
【活学活用】 (1) 这两家公司将合并成一家。
The two companies will _________
into one. (2) 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划。
Circumstances have _________ to ruin our plans for a holiday. (3) 我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
We must _________
theory with practice. (4) 他把煤气接在煤气炉上。
He
_________the gas stove with gas pipe. (5) 这条河和长江在哪里汇合？
Where does this river ____
the Changjiang River? 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
unite
combined
combine connected join 10 distinguish v．区别，辨别，使与众不同
(1) distinguish ... ______
... 把……与……区分开
distinguish ... _________
... 辨别……
distinguish
_______
引人注目，出名
(2) distinguished adj.
著名的，卓著的
be distinguished
_____
因……而出名 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
from between oneself for 【活学活用】 (1) 你应该能明辨是非。
You should be able to
________________ right and wrong. (2) 很难分辨出一对双胞胎谁是谁。
It was hard to _________ one twin from the other.
第8讲 │ 单词点睛
distinguish between distinguish 1 be made up of 由……组成(构成)
第8讲 │ 短语储存
短语储存
make ____ 朝……移动
make ____
辨认出；理解；写出
be made of/from
由……制成
make __
成功
make a _________
有关系，有影响
make ___ of
取笑
make _____
讲得通，有道理
make sure/certain
确定，弄清
make up one’s ______
决定
make the _________ of
充分利用
make ___ note/notes
做笔记 第8讲 │ 短语储存
for
out
it
difference
fun
sense
mind most/best a 【易混辨析】 consist of，make up与be made up of (1) consist of常用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语态。 (2) make up用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动语态；如果用整体作主语，必须用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
去年，医疗队由十二名医生组成。
The medical team __________________________ twelve doctors last year. 2．单项填空
It’s said that the new Chinese panda coin
________
99.9% gold.
A．is made up of B．is made out of
C．is made in
D．is made into
[解析] A 表示“由……构成/组成”用be made up of；be made into是“把……制成 ……”。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
was made up of/consisted of 2 name after 以……名字命名
(1) name names 指名道姓， 公开点名
name sb. ___
提名某人担任(某职务)
be named for
被指定作
(2) in the name
___
以……的名义
call sb. ______
辱骂某人
___ name
名叫……的，凭名字 第8讲 │ 短语储存
for
of
names by 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 那孩子随他舅父的名字取名乔治。
The boy
__________ George
______
his uncle.
(2) 他们提名史密斯为主席。
They
______
Smith
for
president.
(3) 他被指控为小偷。
He
____________the thief.
(4) 他是以他父亲的名义买了那栋房子。
He bought the house
______________his father. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
was named after
named
was named as in the name of 2．单项填空
The bridge was named
________
the hero who laid down his life for the cause of the people.
A．after
B．with
C．by
D．from
[解析] A 句意：大桥是以那位为人民的事业献出生命的英雄的名字命名的。name after为固定搭配，意为“以……命名”，故选A。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
3 aside from 除……之外 【温馨提示】 aside from的含义就相当于except for，整体肯定，只是细节方面需要修改。 【易混辨析】 besides, except, aside from/except for, in addition to 和apart from (1) besides表示“除了……还……”，其后所接的内容包括在句中 所指内容的范围以内，常与more，other, else，also等词连 用，相当于with和plus。
We have no other dictionaries besides these.
除了这些， 我们没有别的词典了。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
(2) except意为“除……之外(不包括)”，用于排除同类事物。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语、从句和不定式。
He had considered everything except the case.
他什么都想过，唯独没考虑到那个箱子。
注意：当except用于句首时，后面往往要加上for。
Except for this, everything is in good order.
除了这个外，一切都很好。 (3) aside from/except for表示“除了……”之意，表示除去整体中的一部分，它所叙述的事实或细节部分为修
正句子的主要意思，用于非同类事物，其后常接名词。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
Your composition was well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
你的作文写得很好，只有几个拼写错误。 (4) in addition to与besides相同。 (5) apart from的用法相当于except, besides。
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.(＝besides)
除了费用，还要花时间。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.(＝without)
没有实践就没有知识。
He has done good work, apart from a few small mistakes.(＝except for)
他工作很出色，只有几个小错误。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 (1) Every
member of the original cast was signed
_________________her. (2) This area is peaceful
_________________a few skirmishes in the distance. (3) _________________English, he has to study German. (4) He had few friends
_________________us. (5) We all went there
_________________Xiao Li. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
except/apart from except/aside from Besides/Apart from except/apart from except/apart from 4 lead to 导致，引起，通往
lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. into doing sth.
领着某人做某事
lead sb. to spl.
领某人去某地
lead/live a ... life
过着……生活
lead to作“导致”时，相当于result in，contribute to，cause等。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 心力衰竭导致她父亲的死亡。
Heart failure
led to
her father’s death.
(2) 这条街通向超市。
The street
_______ the supermarket. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
leads to 2．单项填空
Children’s curiosity may
________
many useful inventions.
A．lead to
B．take place
C．gather in
D．bring away
[解析] A 句意：孩子们的好奇心可能会导致许多有用的发明。lead to导致，引起，通向。根据句意可知选A。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
5 ought to v．应该，应当 【易混辨析】
第8讲 │ 短语储存
ought to 着重表示客观要求，含有法律或道义上有责任去做某事的意思。ought to的否定形式是oughtn’t to或ought not to。 should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做某事，比ought to更常用。在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用 should。 【温馨提示】 (1) 问句中用 ought to 时，对方除可用 ought (to)来回答外，也可以用 should。
—Ought you to take him to a doctor at once?
“你该马上送他去看病吗？”
—Yes, I should.
“是的，应该马上送去。” (2) “should(或ought to)＋have＋过去分词”表示“(过去)本该做……，而实际上未做……”等意义，是对已发生情况的“责备”、“惊奇”或“推测”。这时两者几乎没有区别。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 他两小时前动身的，现在该到那里了。
He left two hours ago so he ________________ be there
by now.
(2) 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽， 但是我认为我们不会 去。
We ________________ go and see Mary tomorrow, but I
don’t think we will. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
should/ought to should/ought to 2．单项填空
Parents
________
bring up their children under 16 and educate them properly.
A．could
B．may
C．might
D．ought to
[解析] D 句意：父母应该抚养16岁以下的孩子并正确地教育他们。ought to应该，应当。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
6 differ from 与……不同，不同于
(1) differ
____
/with sb. about/on sth.
就某事与某人意见不一
tell the difference ________ A and B in sth.
说出A和B在某方面的不同
(2)
_____ no/some/great differences
没有/有些/很大差别
(3) be different from... ____
……和……在……方面不同 第8讲 │ 短语储存
between make in from 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 她丈夫常常与她意见相悖。
Her husband always ________________ her.
(2) 他们的学校与我们中国的学校不一样。
Their school is ____________ our school in China.
(3) 这房间有没有花没什么区别。
Flowers ________________ to this room.
(4) 你能说出这两个姑娘的不同吗？
Can you ________________________ the two girls? 第8讲 │ 短语储存
differs with/from different from make no difference tell the difference between
(5) 我有时与我的伙伴争论，但我们通常是一致的。
I ________________ my partner sometimes, but we
usually agree. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
differ with/from 2．单项填空
English is
________
from French in pronunciation, that means, English
________
from French
________
pronunciation.
A．different; differs; on
B．differs; different; in
C．different; differs; in
D．differ; differs; in
[解析] C 考查differ等词性辨析。第一空是be different from固定搭配，第二空考查differ from，第三空“在某方面不同”用in。故答案为C。 第8讲 │ 短语储存
7 as a whole 作为一个整体，整个看来 【易混辨析】
第8讲 │ 短语储存
as a whole “作为一个整体；整体来说，总体上”，侧重于表示所有部分都已考虑。 on the whole
(＝generally)“总的看来，基本上”，多用来表示“并非百分之百”的意思，相当于in general。 【活学活用】 1．用as a whole或on the whole填空
(1) 这个月的天气基本上是好的。
The weather this month has been good ____________.
(2) 我们必须从整体上，而不是孤立地一个个地来考虑这些 问题。
We must consider these matters _________, not one by
one. 第8讲 │ 短语储存
on the whole as a whole 2．单项填空
The performance will be great for our city and for the country
________ .
A．on a whole
B．as the whole
C．as a whole
D．as a result
[解析] C 句意：这次演出对我们城市乃至整个国家都将是意义重大的。as a whole意为“作为一个整体，总体上”符合句意。
第8讲 │ 短语储存
1 After the Norman Conquest, highclass people spoke French while common people spoke English. 诺曼征服后，上层阶级说法语，而普通老百姓则讲英语。
句型公式 while引导并列句 第8讲 │ 句型透视
句型透视 【句式点拨】 while为并列连词，意为“而”，表示前后两种状况的对照。 She is honest while her brother is dishonest. 她诚实而她兄弟不诚实。 The walls are green, while the ceiling is white. 墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。 【相关拓展】
第8讲 │ 句型透视
第8讲
Unit 2
Wish you were here 第8讲 Unit 2
Wish you were here
第8讲 │ 美文欣赏 美文欣赏 [2010·江西卷] 英语中“please”，“thank you”，“sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊、改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇100词左右的英语作文。体裁不限(记叙文、议论文、说明文……)。 【精彩美文】 Magic Power of Polite Words
We use magic words in our daily life without realizing it. These magic words, for instance “please”， “thank you”， “sorry”， can add beauty to our life.
Magic words can help build friendship. They make you polite and easier to get along with, thus strengthening the relationship between you and others. Once you offend someone else, you may as well use these words. A word such as “sorry” will make him less annoyed. 第8讲 │ 美文欣赏 Try using polite words every now and then. Once you do, you will never find yourself drained of energy for life. You use polite words, in return, these words will provide you with magic power. 第8讲 │ 美文欣赏 【全品点睛】
①行文逻辑：提出观点→论证观点→给出建议：呼吁大家在生活中运用礼貌用语。较好地使用了连接词语，如：thus, in return等。
②词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇。如：for instance,
add…to，get along with，offend, every now and then, provide…with等。 第8讲 │ 美文欣赏 ③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：“S＋V＋O＋C”句型：They make you polite and easier to get along with(宾语补足语中使用了并列成分)；状语从句：Once you offend someone else…/Once you do…；非谓语动词结构：strengthening the relationship between you and others。这些结构的使用也大大提高了文章的档次。
第8讲 │ 美文欣赏 基础梳理 Ⅰ.单词荟萃 1．occupy vt.占领，占用→ ____________ n．职业，占有→ ____________ adj.已占用的，没有空闲的 2．contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→ __________ vt.贡献；投稿；捐赠 3．concern v．& n．涉及，使担忧，关心，忧虑→ __________ adj.关心的，挂念的→ __________ prep.关于 4．access vt.进入；使用；n.通道；机会，权利→ ___________ adj.易接受的，可理解的 第8讲 │ 基础梳理 occupation occupied contribute concerned concerning accessible 5．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→ ____________ adj.尴尬的，窘迫的 ____________ adj.令人为难的，使人尴尬的→ ____________ n．尴尬 6．conclusion n．结论，推论→ _________ v．下结论 7．appearance n．外观，外貌→ ______ vi.出现→ ________ vi.消失 8．combine v．组合，(使)联合→ ____________ n．联合 9．distinguish vt.区分，鉴别→ ____________ adj.著名的，高贵的 10．convenient adj.方便的→ ____________ n．方便 第8讲 │ 基础梳理
embarrassed
embarrassing embarrassment
conclude
appear disappear combination
distinguished convenience Ⅱ.短语检测 1．由……组成(构成)
2．以……命名
3．除……之外 4．控制，取得对……的控制
5．导致
6．应当，应该 7．和……不同，不同于 8．代表，象征
9．作为整体，总体上
10．对……作出贡献 第8讲 │ 基础梳理 be made up of/consist of
name after
aside from
take control of
lead to
ought to
differ from
stand for
as a whole
make contributions to Ⅲ.佳句再现 1．英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的语法和词汇构成的。
The English language
is made up of
the grammar and vocabulary these people _________ to Britain. 2．最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。
The most important contribution was from the Normans, a Frenchspeaking people who _________ England and ______________ the country in 1066. 第8讲 │ 基础梳理 brought defeated took control of 3．然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。
However, the Norman Conquest did not
_______
English
__________the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, ___________ Old English _________ Celtic. 4．查找每一个新单词当然会浪费时间。
________________________will certainly be a waste of time. 第8讲 │ 基础梳理 affect as much as which led to replacing Looking up every new word 5．开会迟到时，你没有必要说抱歉。
When you are late for a small meeting, ________________
____________. 6．并不是所有汉字都是从对物体的画图发展而来的。
_______characters were developed from drawings of objects.
第8讲 │ 基础梳理
there is no need to say sorry Not all 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
单词点睛 1 occupy vt.占据(时间/空间)，处于(某种地位)，使忙碌，从事于
(1) occupy ______ in doing sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事
(2) occupied adj.
在使用的，已占有的，不空闲的
be occupied ________
sth.忙于……，专心于……，相 当于 be busy (in) doing sth./ with sth.，be absorbed in
doing sth.
(3) occupation n.
职业；职位；占有
in occupation ___
占用
___ occupation
以……为职业
oneself
with/in of by 【活学活用】 (1) 他在忙于写一本小说。
He ___________________________a novel.
＝He _____________________________a novel. (2) 我的职业是教书。
Teaching is my ____________.
＝I am a teacher _____________. (3) 还没有人占用这个房子。
No one is yet ________________the house. 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
was occupied with/in writing occupied himself with/in writing occupation by occupation in occupation of 2 contribution n．贡献，促成因素，捐赠
(1) _____
(great) contributions to
作出(巨大的)贡献
(2) contribute vt.& vi.
捐(款)，捐献，投(稿)，贡献，出力
contribute... __
(doing) sth.
捐献，提供(时间，精力，金钱等)，给……投稿
contribute
__
对……有贡献，有助于，是……的成因 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
make to to 【活学活用】 (1) 我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
I’m sure your suggestion will ________________________
the problem. (2) 这位科学家常常给那家学术期刊投稿。
The scientist often
____________the academic journal. (3) 我觉得将来我能对贵公司做些积极性的贡献。
I feel I can
_____ some positive
______________your company in the future. 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
contribute to solving/setting contributes to make contributions to 3 defeat v．击败，战胜，使失败，挫折 n．击败，战胜，失败 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
【易混辨析】 defeat，win和beat 三个词都有“战胜”、“赢得”的意思。 (1) defeat作名词，作“战胜，击败，失败”等之意。作及物动词，作“击败，挫折”之意。defeat的宾语是竞争对手。 (2) win可作及物和不及物动词，作“赢得，获胜，打胜，博得，获得”等之意。win的宾语不能是竞争对手，而是war, prize，game，match，battle，competition之类名词。 (3) beat通常用于游戏或比赛中，表示“击败”对手。
defeat和win多用于正式的场合，beat较口语化，后接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手。 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．用defeat，win和beat的适当形式填空
(1) Japanese invasions were
_______
in the end.
(2) He
____
the first place in the competition of English
listening.
(3) I
____
him at chess. 第8讲 │ 单词点睛
defeated won beat 2．单项填空
—Why are your group