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Most people agree that the direct, assertive(过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the U.S, children often argue with their parents, students may _____________, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely point it out.
Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isn’t always bad. As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle.
Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual. Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.
1. What does the passage mainly talks about?( Within 5 words )
___________________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in paragraph 1 with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________
3. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It actually inspires them to make great efforts to do what they can well.
________________________________________________________________________4. Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?
(within 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 into Chinese.
___________________________________________________________________
Li Bai is regarded as the greatest romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and a representative of the high Tang culture, combination of realistic Northern culture represented by Confucian(孔子) philosophy and romantic Southern culture represented by Taoist philosophy. But he could neither realize his Confucian ideal to serve the country nor find spiritual freedom in Taoism, so he could only chant poetry and drink wine to drown his sorrow as describe by Du Fu in Eight Immortal Drinkers. Here we see the tragedy(悲剧)of a genuine staying lonely on earth like an angel fallen from Heaven. His poetry is marked by male greatness in the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar, in which we see the mountain cloud from down below and the Silver River, Chinese name for the Milky Way, fall from on high, and heaven and earth seem to merge into one, that is the Chinese way of communion with nature. In his poetry we can find his love of nature, of freedom, of the people, of his friends, in short, of truth, good and beauty.
Li Bai is best known for the extraordinary imagination and striking Taoist imagery in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor. Like Du Fu, he spent much of his life travelling, although in his case it was because his wealth allowed him to, rather than because his poverty forced him. He is said to have drowned in the Yangtze River, having fallen from his boat while drunkenly trying to embrace(拥抱) the reflection of the moon.
1. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The introduction to a famous poet in Tang dynasty — LiBai
B. The differences between Romantic and realistic culture
C. The extraordinary characteristics of LiBai’s poems
D. The travelling experiences while Li Bai made poems
2. According to the passage the statements are true about Li Bai EXCEPT____________.
A. He is a representative of the combination of realistic culture and romantic culture
B. He could not put his ability to good use in serving his country at that time
C. He had a depressed mental state and only drunk wine and chanted poetry
D. He made the poems in which complaints and dissatisfaction could be shown.
3.In his poetry Li Bai mainly described __________________.
A. beautiful nature and feelings
B. criticism of social realism
C. relationship between different classes
D. cruelty of the officialdom
4. According to the last paragraph we know that _______________.
A. Li Bai enjoyed drinking more liquor than anything else.
B. Li Bai had a more extraordinary imagination than Tao
C. Li Bai spent much time on travel as well as Du Fu
D. Li Bai had to do that because he was very poor
5. From the poem the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar we can see that____________.
A. the Silver River ran down from the high mountain
B. Li Bai loved the beauty of nature badly
C. Li Bai’s poems were written down by a man
D. the cloud was like waterfall from high heaven
Judgment of character can be influenced by something as simple as the temperature of a drink held in our hands, according to a US study published today.
Researchers from Yale University conducted experiments that showed that people perceive(认知)others as more generous and more attentive if they have just been holding a hot cup of coffee，and that the inverse is true for cold drinks．
A second study found that people are more likely to give something to others if they hold something warm; and more likely to take something for themselves if they hold something cold. In the study published in the current issue of the journal Science, the research team built on earlier studies that show the physical distance between individuals also influences social judgment about others.
The experiment suggests that the warmth of an object or the distance that is felt between people means more than simple metaphors(暗喻).Both instances, researchers said ,are literal examples of trust first experienced between mother and child during infancy.
“When we ask whether someone is a warm person or cold person, they both have a temperature of 98．6(Farenheit,37 Celsius)，’’said Yale psychology professor John Bargh，who co-authored the study with Lawrence Williams at the University of Colorado．“These terms indirectly explains the primitive experience of what it means to be warm and cold·’’
“Physical temperatures affect not just how humans see each other, but also how humans behave，”said Bargh，“The power of temperature on character assessments has been backed up by recent brain imaging studies．”He added．“Physical warmth can make us see others as warmer people，
cause us to be warmer, more generous and trusting as well.
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health．
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
(Please answer within 15 words．)
．which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Recent studies on brain imaging has supported temperature's effect on judgment of character
3．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 6 with proper words．(Please answer within 6 words)
．List two aspects that affect social judgment about others．(Please answer within 10 words．)
①
②
．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese．
If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?
6．While taking a taxi in Finland, a passenger____.
A．can go anywhere without having to pay the driver
B．only pays two US dollars for a taxi ride
C．can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go
D．needs to provide good faith demonstration before leaving without paying
7．We can know from the passage that in Finland
.
A．both hotel guests and outside diners are served food free of charge
B．big hotels provide meals for all kinds of diners
C．guests can enjoy free food once they stayed in the hotel
D．big hotels are mostly poorly managed
8．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Generally speaking, in Finland, workers can get more pay by working long hours.
B．The bosses are too busy to check the working hours of their employees.
C．The workers are always honest with their working hours.
D．The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay.
9．The underlined word “those” in the 5th
paragraph probably refers to people _____.
A．who often take taxis B．who often have meals in big hotels
C．who are dishonest D．who are on guard against others
10．It can be concluded that _____.
A．Finnish people are really foolish in daily life
B．Finland has been a good place for cheats
C．the Finnish society is of very high moral level
D．all the Finns are rich and therefore honest