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课题名称 Many people take it for granted that black is a color of bad things while white should always mean something good. This may be because, in their opinion, black is related to darkness and white to purity. However, that is not always the case. Did you know that the same one colour may mean differently in different places of the world?
In the English-speaking world, black is the colour of mourning. People wear black clothes at the funeral. Red is concerned with danger or bloodshed (流血). Yellow is the word for fear. If you are afraid, you are yellow. Yet none of these sayings is true outside the English-speaking world. In China and Korea white is the colour of mourning. In Russia, China and some other countries, red stands for beauty, life and excellence. In Italy and Germany, you are yellow with anger, not with fear.
Even within the English-speaking area it is not difficult to find colour contradictions (矛盾). A redcap in the United States is a porter in a railway station. In Britain, however, a redcap is a military policeman. Both names are logical because both men wear red caps.
Similarly, the British term for an American white collar worker is sometimes called a black-coated worker.
One does not have to cross an area to find color differences. Would you rather be red-blooded? If we go back to the origin, we find that both terms are logical as both names suggest. The expression "blueblood" comes from Spain, where some noble families proudly said that they had "blue blood". But then why "blue" blood? Because they were fairskinned, and it is only natural that their blood vessels (血管) stood out appearing blue.
1. Yellow is concerned with anger in _______.
A. Russia
B. Britain
C. Germany
D. China
2. The two meanings of the term "redcap" form a difference in _______.
A. pronunciation
B. climate
C. logical relationship
D. custom
3. Both Britain and America would probably agree that _______.
A. black is the color of mourning
B. a black-coated worker is employed in an office
C. red stands for beauty and excellence
D. a redcap is a porter in a station
4. The best title for this passage is _______.
A. The Origin of Blue Blood
B. The Development of the Symbolic Use of Colors
C. Colors that Carry Bad Meanings
D. The Meaning Concerned With Certain Colors
5. When some Spanish called themselves "blueblood", they actually meant _______.
A. they had heart trouble and their faces looked blue
B. they came from a noble family
C. they had blue blood in their vessels
D. they were fairskinned
（2）
How would you like to sleep with one half your brain asleep and the other half awake? Dolphins sleep this way. Recently , scientists at Indiana State University have discovered that ducks sleep this way too. They found that ducks sleep half awake so they can rest and watch for danger at the same time.
After putting their ducks in a row and videotaping them, some researchers found ducks on the end of each row spent more time asleep with one eye open ,apparently looking for predators.
“The more the ducks felt threatened ,the more they slept with one eye open,” said lead author Niels C. Rattenborg ,a graduate student at Indiana State University ,Terre Haute .”the unique aspect is not that they do it ,but that they control it . When they sleep at the edge of a group ,they tend to realize greater danger ,so they spend more time sleeping with one half of their brain.” Ducks with one eye open were still awake enough to detect predators ,said the authors of the study ,which appears today in the journal Nature.
The researchers studied four groups of four ducks held in plastic boxes ,which were arranged in a row .Ducks on the end were found to sleep with one eye open 31.8 per cent of the time, compared to 12.4 percent of the time for ducks in the central position.
Also ,ducks in the central position did not open one eye more than the others, while ducks on each end kept the eye facing away from the group open 86.2 per cent of the time. Brain wave readings of the ducks showed that the half of the brain receiving signals from the closed eye indicated that half of the brain was sleeping. Signals from the half of the brain receiving signals from the open eye showed a state between fully awake and asleep.
6．It was discovered that
.
A．most people would like to be half asleep
B．ducks can sleep half awake
C．dolphins sleep on their way
D．ducks have different sleeping habits from each other
．A predator is most likely to be
.
A．an animal that hunts ,kills and eats other animals
B．a human being who looks after and feeds ducks
C．a scientist who does research work on animals
D．an animal that is likely to be friends with ducks
．Ducks at the end of each row sleep with one eye open because
.
A．they are looking for food
B．they want to enjoy the scenery
C．they are watching out for danger
D．they are unique in their sleeping habit
9．How many ducks were used in the experiment?
A．Four. B．Eight. C．Twelve. D．Sixteen.
．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Ducks on the northern end of a row would keep their eye facing the south open.
B．Ducks with less sense of duty usually choose to stay in the center of a row.
C．Ducks with one eye open at the edge can still enjoy a certain degree of sleep.
D．A video tape recorder was the only electronic device used in the experiment.
Many new students find it hard to do all the study that has to be done; they find themselves putting off reading assignment, jumping from subject to another and rarely being quite certain what they are trying to do during a particular study session. The best way to overcome these difficulties and to start studying efficiently is to plan your time and organize your work. Let us suppose that you have 15 hours per week of classes and that you decide to allow yourself a 40-hour working week (a reasonable figure, leaving you 70 waking hours for other activities).
You now have to decide how to divide the remaining 25 hours of private study. Naturally the decisions you make will change from week to week according to what essays have to be written and what reading has to be done. Many people find it helpful to draw up each week a seven-day timetable showing the occasions on which they will be working privately and the particular subjects that will be studying on each occasion. By checking such a plan at times during the week, you can see what you have done and what you have still to do: the whole plan becomes more manageable. There are a number of places where you can study—college library, public library, home, empty classrooms, on bus or train—and each has several obvious advantages and disadvantages. The college library is least busy in the evening, on Wednesday afternoon, and all day Friday and Saturday.
When you are deciding where to study, keep the following suggestions in mind:
1. Try to study always in the same place. After a while the familiar surroundings will help you to switch into the right frame of mind as soon as you sit down.
2. Find somewhere with as few distractions as possible.
3. Make sure that your study place has a good light and is warm (but not too warm ) and well aired.
11. Many new students find it hard
.
A. to make a good start
B. to study efficiently
C. to delay their reading
D. to jump from subject to subject
12. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Plan your time and organize your work. B. Overcome your difficulties.
C. Be certain what you can do. D. Find a quiet place for study.
13. A student’s organization of his work will need to change according to
.
A. how many hours he is awake
B. how many subjects are required
C. how many lectures he misses
D. what he has to write and read that week
14. A student is advised to make a weekly plan and to check it from time to time in order to
__________.
A. see whether he has calculated it properly B. see what day of the week is
C. see what work still needs doing
D. see how he feels at the whole week
15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a place where you can study?
A. The bus
B. The train
C. Home
D. A public house
A
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching．On the contrary，both their knowledge and experience are enriched．We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把……按能力分班)pupils．It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates．It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child．After all，it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides，it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability．This is only one aspect of their total personality．We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full，not just their academic ability．We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed—ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning．
In our classrooms，we work in various ways．The pupils often work in groups：this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate to share，and to develop leadership skills．They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think．to make decisions，to analyze and evaluate，and to communicate effectively．The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher．
Sometimes the pupils
；sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments，and they can do this at their own speed．They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate．We encourage our pupils to use the library，and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently．An advanced pupil can do advanced work：it does not matter what age the child is．We expect our pupils to do their best，not their least，and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal．
．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?(Please answer within 15 words．)
．According to the second paragraph, a person’s total personality consists of
.
(List at least 3 aspects．Please answer within 10 words．)
②
③
3．Fill in the blanks in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.
(Please answer within 5 words)
．Do you agree pupils shouldn’t be streamed? Why?(Please answer within 30 words)
5．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．
Here are a few tips to help you, the workaholic, re - focus and get the best out of life．
EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP! Make it a point to get at least eight hours of sleep and plenty of rest．Don't believe that you can always "catch some sleep or rest later．" Your body cannot make up for lost sleep or rest time because it is not physiologically possible．
STRICTLY FAMILY ON WEEKENDS! Resolve to make Saturdays and Sundays strictly for family time．And stick to this! Mondays until Fridays you make an excuse not to relax and spend time with your family because it's work time, why not make a similar excuse for Saturdays and Sundays?
GET SOME FOOD IN! Make sure you get food in your stomach．Workaholics are known to be food - skippers．If you can't afford to get off your desk or from doing paperwork, have food delivered to you．It's always a good idea if you have crackers on your drawer to ease the hunger pangs．
WORK UP THOSE MUSCLES! Exercise, exercise, exercise! Set aside at least an hour each day or every other day for exercise．Your body needs to be conditioned, and working non - stop isn't going to give it the proper physical conditioning it needs．Since most workaholics tend to have their behinds stuck on their chairs, it's even more important that you get some exercise．
WORK TO LIVE! Always keep in mind that you work so you can live and have a comfortable life．Always remember that you don't live to work．Working is just one of the many useful and fruitful activities you do that enables you to live a good life and gives your family their needs．Don't make work your life．
If you start following the tips outlined today, then you've just taken the first step to________!
．What is the best title for the passage? （Please answer within 10 words）
．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Taking exercise can make you in good condition and endless work will does harm to your health．
．Fill in the blank in the passage with proper words of phrases to complete the sentence．（ Please answer within 10 words）
．Which suggestion benefits you most? Why? （Please answer within 30 words）
．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．