情态动词一直是高考的考查重点。主要侧重于: 1.情态动词表推测的用法。 2.情态动词+have done的用法。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/ could (1)can可以表示能力 (2)表示请示的允许 (3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中 (4)表示客观的可能性 (5)用于肯定句表推测时,指理论上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的发生 (6)could可表示请求,语气较之can更委婉,多用于疑问句,答语应用can (1)Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性) (2)Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?有人敲门,会是谁呢?(表推测)
(3)He can't be at home at this time. 这时他不可能在家。(表推测) may/might (1)表示请求许可(用于疑问句中),might语气更委婉 (2)表示推测,might可能性小于may This may/might be done by him.这件事有可能是他做的。 must (1)表示主观要求 (2)表推测(只用于肯定句)
(3)表禁止(用于否定式) Mother must be cooking.妈妈肯定在做饭。 shall (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示 (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁 Shall I go with you? 我和你一起去吗? You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.到明天你会得到我的答复。 should/ought to (1)用于表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲,用于第一人称疑问句表征询意见 (2)用于表示推测,should do表示对将来情况的推测,说明某个情况是合理的,符合逻辑的 (3)应当(表示义务、责任,ought to的语气比should强,口语中多用should)
It's 8 o'clock.She should be in the office.8点了。她应该在办公室里。 二、情态动词+have done的用法 must
have
done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事” He must have known about it.
他肯定知道那件事。 can/ could have done (1)表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示“不可能做……”,“可能已经……” (2)could have done用于肯定句中表示过去没有实现,意为“本来可以做,事实上却没有做”
(3)用于表示对过去动作的虚拟 He couldn't have seen me.他不可能见过我。The accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。 may/might have done (1)表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许/已经……”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定 (2)might have done表示“本来应该或可以做某事”,含有轻微的责备语气 (3)用于对过去动作的虚拟 They might have seen the film. 或许他们看过这部电影。 should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示“本该做某事,而实际上未做”;用于否定句时,则表示“不该做的事反而做了” Thank you so much,but you really shouldn't have done that.
非常感谢你,不过你真得用不着这样做。 needn't have done 表示做了本来不必做的事 You needn't have cleaned the room. 你本不必打扫房间。
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