语法精讲非谓语动词非谓语动词被动语态的意义
1.不定式
(1)表示被动的意义
The party is to be held next weekHe wanted to be sent to the hard area.
(2)有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice,easy,hard,difficult,fit,suitable,good,heavy,comfortable,cheap等。The box is not strong enough to stand this.
It’s too small to see.
There is a lot of jobs to do.
The house is to let at low rent.
I am not to blame.
Houses are still to seek.
Much remains to do.
The passage is hard to learn.
2.动名词
(1)表示被动的意义
He insisted on being sent to the hard area.
(2)在动词need,require等的主动语态和形容词worth后，表示被动的意义
My watch needs repairing.
The book is worth reading.
3.分词
(1)现在分词表示被动的意义
The building being built is a school.
Not having been told,he didn’t know where to start.
(2)过去分词表示被动的意义
Heated,the metal expands.
考题再现
【考例1】2006上海春季高考，39 In the dream Peter saw himself______by a fierce wolf,and he woke suddenly with a start.
A.chased
B.to be chased
C.be chased
D.having been chased
解析:himself作chase的逻辑宾语，所以要用动词ed形式作宾补。
答案:A
【考例2】 （经典回放）The flu is believedby viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused
解析:be believed to do sth.据信做某事。根据后面by判断用不定式的被动式。
答案:C
【考例3】 （经典回放）Tony was very unhappy forto the party.
A.having not been invited
B.not having invited
C.having not invited
D.not having been invited
解析:invite与Tony构成动宾关系，要用动名词的被动结构。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。
答案:D【考例4】2005上海高考，33into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A.Put
B.Putting
C.Having put
D.Being put
解析：the hotline是put的动作被执行者，所以要用动词ed形式作状语，表示被动。
答案：A