语法精讲The -ing Form(3)—Used as Adverbial 动词ing形式（3）—作状语
1.动词ing形式作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，必须与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系，且分词表示的动作是次要动作。
Hearing the news,he got excited.(表时间)
Be careful when crossing the street.（表时间）
Father died,leaving us nothing.（表结果）
Being ill,she went home.（表原因）
2.若分词的动作发生在谓语动词以前，则分词使用完成式：having done。
Having finished his homework,he went home.
Having been bitten by a snake,she was frightened at it.
3.动词ing形式的否定形式，在动词ing之前加not。
Not having received his reply,I rang him again.
4.有些动词ing形式，在句中作状语，不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
Generally speaking,he can arrive on time.
Judging from his looks,he is honest.
Considering what he said,he told a lie.
5.如分词的逻辑主语不再是句子的主语，而是另有一个，且直接放在了分词的前面，这就是独立主格结构，在句中同样可作状语。
The clock striking eight,they began working.
时钟敲了8点，他们开始了工作。（表时间）
The weather being fine,we went for a walk.
由于天气好，我们出去散步了。（表原因）
【考例1】2006安徽高考，21My cousin came to see me from the country,_________ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A.brought
B.bringing
C.to bring
D.had brought
解析：动词+ing形式作状语，表示主动，即表示句子的主语所做的事，根据句意可判断我的表兄弟给我带来了一满篮子水果，所以要用动词+-ing形式作状语。动词+-ed形式作状语，表示被动。不定式作状语常常表示目的或结果。因为句子已有谓语came，不能再有谓语，所以选项D是错误的。
答案：B
【考例2】(2006北京东城一模)________ such heavy loss,the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.
A.Having suffered
B.Suffering
C.To suffer
D.Suffered
解析：该句考查动词ing作状语的一般形式与完成形式的区别。一般形式表示与谓语的动作同时，完成形式先于谓语动词。
答案：A
【考例3】________ from his accent,he is from America.
A.Judged
B.Judging
C.To judge
D.Judge
解析：judge作状语，只使用现在分词。
答案：B
【考例4】The audience ________ their seats,the players began their games.
A.take
B.taken
C.taking
D.took
解析：因为句子中没有连词，因此不能看作是两个句子，即不能选择D项。audience与take之间为主动关系，故应选择现在分词。
答案：C