7．过去完成时
构成：had done。其主要用法有：
(1)表示过去某时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
When all his money had gone，Marx had to leave his house in London.
(2)在带有after/before 引导的时间状语的句子中，由于after/before 本身的词义已
表明了时间的先后，所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
We left the house before it began to rain. 8．过去完成进行时
构成：had been doing。其主要用法是：
一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作，该动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要进行。
I had been waiting for two hours before the manger came to see me. 9．一般将来时
一般有六种常见形式。
(1)一般现在时表将来时。
①主要用于表示根据规定、时间表预计要发生的。
She retires next month.
Christmas falls on a Thursday this year.
②用于时间、条件、让步状语从句表将来。
I’ll give it to you after he comes. 【辨析】
be to do可用于条件句表将来，表示“想，打算”。
will表“意愿”时可用于条件句。
例：①If you will listen，I’ll tell you.
②If we are to finish the work on time，we’ll have to work hard.
(2) be to do表将来。
①表计划、安排即将发生的事，常见于报刊、广播，用于宣布官方的计划、决定。
Where are we to stay tonight?
The Queen is to visit China next year.
②表命令，禁止，必须(不得不)。
You are to finish your work before supper.
③用于第一人称，表征求对方意见。
Are we to go on with this work?
④可用于条件句表将来。
If we are to be there before ten，we’ll have to go now.
(3)be doing表将来，表计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用表示位置移动的词：go，
come，leave，start，arrive，return等以及die，marry等。
①What are you doing tonight?
②We are starting the work in a few days.
(4)be going to表将来。
①表计划、安排好的即将发生的动作。
How long is he going to stay here?
②根据迹象表明将要发生的动作。
It is going to rain.
She is going to have a baby.
(5) shall/will表将来。
①shall常用于第一人称在陈述句中表将来，will用于所有人称表将来。多表示单纯的
将来或意愿的将来，will还可表示临时决定之将来。
He will be here in half an hour.
—Tom is in hospital.
—I didn’t know.I’ll go to see him. (6)be about to do sth.＝be on the point of doing sth.表即将、马上要进行的动作。 The train is about to leave
10．将来进行时
构成：shall/will be doing。其主要用法有：
(1)表亲切、客气的语气。
I shall be thinking of you.
(2)表确信某事肯定会发生。
When I arrive at the airport，my whole family will be waiting for me.
(3)用于询问别人的安排，特别是想得到别人的帮助。
Will you be passing the post office when you’re out? 11．将来完成时
构成： will/shall have done。其主要用法是：
表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作，这一动作也可能继续进行。
By seven o’clock this afternoon I shall have arrived in Shanghai. 12．过去将来时
相对于过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。 该时态的构成和用法
如下：
(1)would/should do
He said that he should go to Beijing for the holiday.
(2)was/were going to do
They were going to have a meeting.
(3)was/were(about)to do
We were to finish the work in three days.
走出误区 1．一般现在时和现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或永久性的状态，而现在完成时则强调过
去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
(1)When you are home，give a call to let me know you________safely.
A．are arriving
B．have arrived
C．had arrived
D．will arrive
解析：此题可以使用排除法。动词arrive 既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以
用will ＋ do 表示将来，因此同时排除A 和D；C 为过去完成时，使用过去完成时
的句中一定要有一般过去时，过去完成时表示过去的过去，因此排除C。故选B。
句意： 当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经平安到达。
答案：B
(2)I________all the cooking for my family，but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do
B．do
C．am doing
D．had done
解析：句意：我通常为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。前半句表示现阶
段的一种情况，所以用一般现在时。
答案：B 2．be going to do 和 will ＋ do 构成的将来时的区别
前者强调按计划或安排而发生的事情；后者不强调行为的计划性，多指临时的决
定或安排。
—Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh，no.I forgot.I________her now.
A．will be calling
B．will call
C．am going to call
D．am to call
解析：分析四个选项可知， 只有B项可以表示临时做出的决定或产生的想法。A
项表示将来某一时刻正在发生的事；C项表示预先安排好的要发生的事情；D项
表示早就有的打算。
答案：B 3．过去时和现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；而过去时则仅仅说明过去发
生的动作，与现在毫无关系。
For many years，people________electric cars.However，making them has been
more difficult than predicted.
A．had dreamed of
B．have dreamed of
C．dreamed of
D．dream of
解析：句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象的
要难的多。根据句中的for many years 和后一句的时态可知，此处应该用现在完
成时。
答案：B
4．一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
过去时往往有明确的过去时间状语，说明是发生在过去的动作；而过去完成时表
示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，强调“过去的
过去”，句中常有by，before，when，until 等词引导的时间状语。
(1)Excuse me，I________I was blocking your way.
A．didn’t realize
B．don’t realize
C．haven’t realized
D．wasn’t realizing
解析：结合语境可知， 此处表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路，因此
用一般过去时。
答案：A
(2)—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.
A．was reading
B．had read
C．am reading
D．have read
解析：问句用的是一般过去时，答句的意思是“我”在此之前已经读过了这本
书，故用过去完成时。
答案：B
5．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时间内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身；
现在完成时则强调动作产生的结果或影响，而不是动作本身。
(1)Mother wanted to be a good provider，a role she________since her marriage to
Father.
A．shoulders
B．shouldered
C．is shouldering
D．has been shouldering
解析：本句中的since 表示动作自从过去某时到现在一直都是这样，并且还将延
续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
答案：D
(2)Up to now，the program________thousands of children who would otherwise
have died.
A．would save
B．saves
C．had saved
D．has saved
解析：句意：截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的
生命。 up to now 是现在完成时的标志，所以空格处应使用现在完成时。
答案：D 6．一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作的延续性； 而过去进行时则强调
在过去某一时间正在进行或持续的动作。
(1)I walked slowly through the market，where people________all kinds of fruits
and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A．sell
B．were selling
C．had sold
D．have sold
解析：根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.”的提示可以
判断出此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某个时候正
在发生的动作，故选B项。
答案：B
(2)Bob would have helped us yesterday，but he________.
A．was busy
B．is busy
C．had been busy
D．will be busy
解析：上句用的是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。下句讲的是昨天忙这个事
实，故用一般过去时。
答案：A
7．现在进行时表将来
现在进行时除表示现在外，还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常有“安
排”或“打算”之意，所以动词多是非延续性动词，如marry，die，leave，
join 等。
She is very ill and I am afraid she________soon.
A．is dying
B．died
C．will die
D．is died
解析：根据语境及时间状语“soon”可知，此处应用一般将来时，但die 一词习惯
上用进行时表示将来。
答案：A 语法专练 1．The book has been translated into thirty languages since it________on the market
in 1973.
A．had come
B．has come
C．came
D．comes
解析：since 引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句通常用一般过去
时，所以选C项。
答案：C 2．The discovery of gold in Australia led to thousands to believe that afortune ______.
A．is made
B．would made
C．was to be made
D．had made
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使
成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。主句谓语动词为一般过去时，因此believe后
的宾语从句谓语动词用过去将来时，表示过去即将发生的动作，短语make a
fortune 意为“发大财”。结合语意，此处应用被动语态，因此答案为C。
答案：C
3．—We’ve spent too much money recently.
—Well，it isn’t surprising.Our friends and relatives________around all the time.
A．are coming
B．had come
C．were coming
D．have been coming
解析：句意：——我们最近花了很多钱。——噢，这不奇怪。我们的朋友和亲戚最近
不断到我们家来。have been coming是现在完成进行时，表示某个动作从过去一直
持续到现在，根据第一句中的have spent可知选项应该强调最近一段时间的情况，
故选D，排除B、C；而A是现在进行时，和句中的all the time矛盾，故排除。
答案：D 4．You’ve failed to do what you________to and I am afraid you will be blamed by the
teacher.
A．will expect
B．will be expected
C．expected
D．were expected
解析：考查时态和语态。由语意“你没有达到期望”可知，宾语从句中用一般过
去时；从句中的主语you 是动词expect 的承受者，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动
语态。
答案：D 5．—Guess what，we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You ________a different culture then.
A．will be experiencing
B．have experienced
C．have been experiencing
D．will have experienced
解析：——你猜怎么了，我们获得了这个夏天到英国短期旅游的签证。——太好
了。那你到时就可以体验一种不同的文化了。显然应用将来时，而且是将来一段
时间内的动作，不侧重完成，故选A。
答案：A 6．—Why bother？There is too much rubbish here.You’ll never pick it all up.
—Maybe not.But at least this part of the park________cleaner.
A．was
B．will be
C．had been
D．is
解析：句意：——别再麻烦了！这里垃圾太多了，你永远也捡不完。——也许捡不
完。但是至少公园的这块区域会更干净些。根据语境，可知说话者说的是将来的
事情，应该用将来时，故答案为B项。
答案：B
7．Let’s keep to the point or we________any decisions.
A．will never reach
B．have never reached
C．never reach
D．never reached
解析：A为一般将来时；B为现在完成时； C为一般现在时； D为一般过去时。句
意： 让我们直入主题吧，否则我们将永远也无法达成任何决议。
答案：A 8．My dictionary________.I have looked for it everywhere but still________it.
A．has lost；don’t find
B．is missing；don’t find
C．has lost；haven’t found
D．is missing；haven’t found
解析：如果用has/have lost，句子主语应该是人，因为这里lost 是动词。到现在还
没有找到应该用现在完成时。所以选D。 句意：我的字典丢了，我已经四处找遍
了，但仍然没有找到。
答案：D 9．Hurry! The train________.You know it________at 8∶30 a．m..
A．leaves；leaves
B．is leaving；leaves
C．leaves；is leaving
D．is leaving；is leaving
解析：is leaving 是现在进行时表示不久的将来，即马上就要开了。再者leaves为
一般现在时用于根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作。所以选B。句意：快点！
火车马上就要开了。你知道八点半开的。
答案：B 10．No one________this building without the permission of the police.
A．is leaving
B．is to leave
C．has left
D．will be leaving
解析：be to do 表示将来，也表示命令、禁止。句意： 任何人在没有警察的允
许下，不得离开这座大楼。
答案：B 11．—Bob must be very wealthy.
—Yes.He________more in one day than I do in a week.
A．earns
B．had earned
C．has been earned
D．earned
解析：从I do可知道是拿我的现在和他的现在相比，所以用第三人称的一般现在
时。句意：他一天都比我一星期挣得多。
答案：A 12．—Why did you leave the water running in the sink?
—Heavens！I guess I________to turn it off.
A．forgot
B．have forgotten
C．will forget
D．had forgotten
解析：A为一般过去时；B为现在完成时；C为一般将来时；D为过去完成时。句
意： 你为什么让水池的水一直流着？ 天哪！ 我想我当时忘了关了。是过去忘了
关了，所以用一般过去时。
答案：A 13．—How are you today?
—Oh，I________as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A．didn’t feel
B．wasn’t feeling
C．don’t feel
D．haven’t felt
解析：for a very long time 很久一段时间，应用完成时。句意：你今天怎么样？
哦，我已经很久没有像今天这样不舒服了。
答案：D 14．—Look！What a mistake！Why?
—Sorry，I________on it.
A．don’t concentrate
B．hadn’t concentrated
C．hadn’t been concentrated
D．wasn’t concentrating
解析：错误已经犯了，所以是过去没有集中注意力。应用一般过去时，即D。句
意：——看，又犯错误了。怎么回事？——对不起，我刚才没有集中注意力。
答案：D 15．—Jack and David are brothers.
—Oh.I________why they looked so alike.
A．was wondering
B．wonder
C．have wondered
D．will wonder
解析：过去进行时可表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况。句意：——Jack 和
David 是兄弟。——哦，刚才我还在琢磨为什么他们看起来那么像。
答案：A 16．I________a glass while I________dinner yesterday.
A．has broken；was cooking
B．was breaking；cooked
C．had broken；was cooking
D．broke；was cooking
解析：本句时间状语是昨天，所以应用一般过去时。句意：昨天当我正在做饭
时，我打碎了一个玻璃杯。所以选D。
答案：D 17．I saw an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I________for years.
A．didn’t see
B．haven’t seen
C．hadn’t seen
D．wouldn’t see
解析：句意：昨天我见到了我的一个老朋友，而这个人我已经多年未见了。
“多年未见”这个动作发生在昨天之前，所以应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。
答案：C 18．How long________this fine weather________？
A．do you think；lasts
B．have you thought；lasted
C．have you thought；will last
D．do you think；will last
解析：句意：你认为这样的好天气还将持续多久？首先，“你认为”应用一般
现在时；其次“将持续多久”应用将来时。所以选D。
答案：D 19．His brother________for ten years.He________a cold November night.
A．has been away from home；left on
B．has left home；was away from on
C．had left home；left at
D．was left home；was out in
解析：句意：他的兄弟已经离开家十年了。他是在十一月份的一个寒冷的晚上离
开的。leave 这个动作不能持续，所以后面不能接一段时间。而他leave 这个动作
发生在具体的某个时间，所以应用一般过去时。
答案：A 20．—The ceremony has already started.
—Look！The flag is________now.
A．being raised
B．risen
C．being risen
D．raising
解析：rise 是个不及物动词，不能用被动语态。raise 是及物动词，且此处旗子是
正在被升起，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案：A 1．Entering the office，I found the mayor________at the desk and_____something
in a hurry.
A．seating；writing
B．seat；write
C．seated；writing
D．seated；wrote
解析：seat oneself使……坐下，seat是及物动词，用过去分词seated作mayor的
宾语补足语；writing也是作宾语补足语，但与mayor构成主动关系。
答案：C 2．—How long have the Smiths lived in Chicago?
—They________.
A．have been living there since five years
B．lived there since five years ago
C．lived there since five years
D．have been living there for five years
解析：since后只能接点时间，不接段时间，但点时间与since连用时主句的谓
语要用现在完成时。
答案：D 3．He________the experiment with me tomorrow afternoon.
A．would do
B．will have done
C．will be done
D．will be doing
解析：will be doing表将来某时会正在做某事。
答案：D 4．It________for three days.How I wish the rain could stop now!
A．is raining
B．has been raining
C．had been raining
D．rained
解析：根据句意，雨在三天前就开始下了，一直下到说话时还在下，很可能还
要继续，故用现在完成进行时。
答案：B
5．Is the post office________painted green?
A．is being
B．the one is being
C．being
D．which is being
解析：将句子还原成陈述句，就很容易选出答案。paint
sth.＋颜色“把……
漆成……颜色”，be being done表示现在进行时的被动语态。
答案：C
Ⅰ.品句填词 1．After he g________from the university，he found a job in a computer company. 2．Study hard，o________you will not pass the final exam. 3．I find stamp-collecting r________and it takes my mind off the stress of my
work. 4．In fact，life is full of different________(挑战)when one is born into this world. 5．It is reported that there were about 100,000 Games-time________(志愿者)朝
taking part in the 2008 Olympic Games. 6．Some students________(抱怨)that their homework is too much.They almost
have not enough time to finish it. 答案：1.graduated 2.otherwise/or 3.relaxing 4.challenges
5．volunteers
6.complain come up with suffer from switch off be filled with be free of work one’s way through
Ⅱ.短语识境 1．She is sitting at her desk and________a lot of documents. 2．I shall retire next year and________the trouble from all kinds of work. 3．I________anger when I saw the middle-aged man kicking the dog. 4．The scientists are beating their brains trying to________a solution to the
problem. 5．Eventually the lights in the house were________，and everything went black. 6．The glasses are really necessary to the man________shortsightedness. 答案：1.working her way through 2.be free of 3.was filled with 4.come up with 5.switched off 6.suffering from Ⅲ.翻译句子 1．他喜欢踢球而我喜欢看书。(while)
___________________________________________________________________ 2．汽车通常开得极快，所以突然停车是危险的。(so...that)
____________________________________________________________________ 3．最后他提出了一个好建议。(come up with)
____________________________________________________________________ 答案：1.He likes playing football while I like reading. 2．Cars often travel so fast that a sudden stop is dangerous. 3．At last he came up with a good suggestion.
高 频 考 点 when引导的时间状语从句 教材原文：We do jobs when they need to be done and that could be early in the morning or late at night.(P15) (2010·四川)Because of the heavey traffic it was already time for lunch break________she got to her office. A.since
B．that
C．when
D．until 解析：句意：因为路上堵车，她到办公室时已经是吃午饭的时间了。本题考查状语从句。只有C符合题意。 答案：C 高 频 考 点 动词不定式做目的状语 教材原文：To solve this problem，the Duches came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock.(P18) (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)With Father’s Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad. A.buy
B．to buy C.buying
D．to have bought 解析：考查非谓语动词。 句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了些钱。to buy 表示目的，即不定式作目的状语。“买礼物”这一动作发生在“从银行取钱”这一动作之后，所以可排除D项。 答案：B 常 考 词 汇 take up 教材原文：Meetings and phone calls take
up a large part of the day.(P9) (2009·安徽)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all________. A.given away
B．kept away
C．taken up
D．used up 解析：句意：我们想找一张7个人坐的桌子，但桌子全都有人了。give away出卖，赠送；keep away远离；take up占据；use up用光。 答案：C Unit 1 Lifestyles 单词拓展 1．________adj.和平的 →________n．平静；和平 2．________adj.轻松的→________v．放松→________adj.感到放松的 3．________adj.充满压力的→________n．压力v.强调 4．________v．抱怨→________n．抱怨 5．________adj.紧急的→________n．紧急→________v．催促 6．________adj.私人的→________n．个性→________n．人事部门 7．________adj.厌烦的→________v．使人厌烦→________adj.令人厌烦的 8．________v．更喜欢→________n．偏爱 9．________n．一伙人→________adj.拥挤的 10．________n．距离→________adj.遥远的 答案：1.peaceful；peace 2.relaxing；relax；relaxed 3.stressful；stress 4.complain；complaint 5.urgent；urgency；urge 6.personal；personality； personnel 7.bored；bore；boring
8．prefer；preference 9.crowd；crowded 10.distance；distant 短语记忆 1．switch________/________/________打开开关/关上开关/转换频道 2．go________(爆竹、铃)响 3．take________占据 4．get________换衣服 5．be filled________充满着 6．________fun为了玩乐 7．suffer________忍受 8．come up________想出，提出 9．apart________除了…… 之外 10．________the moment此刻 11．________a result 结果 12．play a role________在……中起作用 答案：1.on/off/over 2.off 3.up 4.changed 5.with 6．for 7.from 8.with
9.from 10.at 11.as 12.in
句型搜索 1．________ ________ ________ I get good marks in my test，it doesn’t matter if I
speak English or not.
只要我考试能考出高分，我是否说英语就没有关系了。 2．I am always the________ ________ ________ get to the office.
我总是第一个到达办公室的人。 3．Usually，it’s________crowded________I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常车太拥挤，以至于我常常找不到坐的地方。
答案：1.As long as 2.first person to 3.so；that 重点段落
When I wake up I don’t get up________，I________ ________the
television and watch the children’s programmes and old movies________about
half past ten.Then I get up，go downstairs and________ ________the TV in the
living room.________lunch，I have biscuits and a glass________milk，and I
watch the news.In the afternoon，I often watch another old film—they’re showing
some old ones________the moment...At nine thirty，if there is a good
play________BBC2，I switch________and watch it.Then________night，I
usually switch________the TV at about two o’clock.I________watch TV all night. 答案：immediately；turn on；until；switch on；For；of；at；on；over；at； off；never
一些单词在使用时往往有固定句式，但高考命题者往往用其非常见句型来设置陷阱，造成部分考生误选。 【例1】 —I’d like some more cheese.
—Sorry，there’s________left.
A.some
B．none
C．a little
D．few
答案：B [none通常与of连用，但表示“一点也没有”时可置于there is之后，很多考生
因不了解这一点，造成误选。]
【例2】 Mr. Tang has three daughters，________，luckily for him，works as a doctor.
A.none of who
B．one of whom
C.either of them
D．all of whom
答案：B [后面的谓语是works可排除D，A中的who要改成whom才对，either
只表示二者之一，故排除C。] 核心单词 1．suppose vt.认为，猜想；conj.假设 suppose＋that从句/to be认为，猜想, be supposed to(do)被期望；本应，应该, suppose/supposing(与provided，providing通用
①You________(本应)here an hour ago. ②—It’s going to be fine this evening.
—________(我想是的)． ③________(假如 )it rains，what shall we do? ④It is widely________(猜测)(that)the minister will be forced to resign. 答案：①were supposed to be ②I suppose so ③Suppose ④supposed
⑤Professor Smith，who________the research of wild animals all his life，________to
give a speech in Beijing University next week.
A．has devoted to；is supposed
B．devoted to；will be supposed
C．has been devoted to；is supposed
D．had devoted to；will be supposed
解析：句意：Smith教授终生都在从事野生动物研究工作，他下周要在北京大学作
报告。be supposed to do理应做某事。be devoted to sth./doing sth.忠心于/致力于
(做)某事。
答案：C ⑥The train was________to arrive at 12∶30，but it was an hour late.
A．about
B．Likely
C．certain
D．supposed
解析：句意：这列火车本应在12∶30到达，但它晚了一个小时。be about to do sth.
马上就要做某事；be likely to do sth.很有可能做某事；be certain to do sth.一定，
务必要做某事。
答案：D 2．complain vi.抱怨，投诉 complain to sb.of/about sth.向某人抱怨某事 complain that从句 make a complaint of/about sth.抱怨/投诉某事
【运用】
①She’s_______________________________________________(她总是发牢骚)．
②________________(他向警方控诉)that the boys had stolen his apples.
③ I have to________________(对这件事向经理申诉)．
答案：①always complaining ②He complained to the police
③complain to the manager about it 3．stand vt.忍受 ( doing) sth.不能忍受(做)某事 stand sb.doing sth.忍受某人做某事 stand by袖手旁观 stand aside站在一边；不介入 stand out显著；显现，突出 stand for代表；象征
【运用】
①We________________(不能袖手旁观)while millions of people starve.
②________________(请靠边站)please，so the doctor can get through.
③翻译：I never could stand people telling me what to do.
___________________________________________________________________
答案：①can’t stand by ②Stand aside
③我从来不能忍受被人家摆布。 ④________a chair in the corner of the room?
A．Does there stand
B．Stand there
C．There standing
D．Do stand there
解析：句意：房间的角落处有椅子吗？英语中there be句型中的be动词可以
用某些含有“存在”意义的动词来代替，使句子更加形象，如：exist，
live，stand，lie，used to be，appear，come等。如：Many years ago，there
lived an Emperor in the village.很多年前，村子里住着一位国王。
答案：A
4．prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿 prefer sth./sb.更喜欢某物/人 prefer to do更愿意做(倾向具体的动作) prefer doing更愿意做(倾向普遍的行为习惯) prefer sb.to do sth.更愿意某人做某事 prefer sth.to sth.比起……更喜欢…… prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做……而不愿做…… prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿做…… prefer that从句的动词用“(should)＋原形”
【运用】
①He________go to the movies________stay at home.
他宁愿去看电影而不愿待在家里。
②They preferred their son________________.
他们更愿意让儿子上大学。
答案：①prefers to；rather than ②to go to college
③I prefer that_________________________________________________.
我宁愿你对此什么也不要说。
④I________tea________coffee.比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。
答案：③you should not say anything
about it ④prefer；to
⑤Rather than________on a crowded bus，he always prefers________a bicycle.
A．ride；ride
B．riding；ride
C．ride；to ride
D．to ride；riding
解析：句意：他总爱骑自行车而不愿挤公交车。考查prefer to do...rather than
do句型，而将rather than提前。
答案：C
5．suffer vt.&vi.遭受，蒙受；患病 suffer sth.忍受，容忍(某物)；经得起，蒙受 suffer from sth.受……折磨；患某种疾病；有某种缺陷
【运用】
①The city________(遭受)serious damage from the earthquake.
②She’s been________________(患癌症)for two years.
答案：①suffered ②suffering from cancer 6．imagine vt.想象，猜想 imagine that从句 想象，猜想 imagine what/how/why从句 想象…… imagine(sb.)doing sth.想象(某人)做某事 imagine sb.(sth.)as/to be以为……是
【运用】
①Don’t imagine him________(是个)a kind man.
②She imagined herself________(正坐在)in her favourite armchair.
③Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?
_________________________________________________________________ 答案：①as/to be ②sitting
③你能想象生活中没有电是什么样的情景吗？
④You can’t imagine________such a mistake.
A．him to make
B．him make
C．him making
D．his made
解析：句意：你无法想象他竟然犯下这样的错误。imagine后接动名词的复
合结构作宾语。
答案：C ④You can’t imagine________such a mistake.
A．him to make
B．him make
C．him making
D．his made
解析：句意：你无法想象他竟然犯下这样的错误。imagine后接动名词的复合结
构作宾语。
答案：C
重点短语 1．take up占据(时间或空间)；开始(从事)；拿起 take over接管，接任 take down记下 take on呈现；雇用 take sth.apart拆卸某物 take in吸收；理解；欺骗 take...for…把某人当成 take after相像 take...for granted认为……是理所当然的
【运用】
①I’ll________the story where I left off yesterday.
②She________acting while she was at college.
③She________her mother.
④The teacher________me________my sister yesterday.
⑤Fish________oxygen through their gills.
⑥The school has________a new look.
答案：①take up ②took up ③takes after ④took; for ⑤take in ⑥taken on 2．apart from除……之外 ＝except意为“除……之外(都)” ＝in addition to；besides；as well as“除……之外(还)”
【拓展】
tell apart 区别开 【运用】
①________the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me.
②________the bad weather，we had a pleasant time.
③I can’t________the twins________.
答案：①Apart from ②Apart from ③tell；apart 佳句诵写 1．原句：I find painting or drawing very relaxing.
我发现画画使人放松。
句子分析：relaxing在句中作宾语补足语。动词find后经常跟形容词、动词的
-ing形式、过去分词以及介词短语作宾补。
【仿写】
①我发现这本书很有趣。
I found the book________________.
②她发现她来到了一个不同的世界。
She found herself________________.
③当我回来时，我发现桌上的菜没动。
When I came back，I found the dishes on the table
_______________________.
答案：①very interesting ②in a different world
③untouched
2．原句：Usually，the bus is so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.公交车
通常拥挤，以至于我找不到坐的地方。
句子分析：句型so...that...中，that引导结果状语从句。当so位于句首时，主句
要部分倒装。
The box is so heavy that nobody can lift it.
＝So heavy is the box that nobody can lift it.
箱子太重，没有人能提起来。
【仿写】
①电影院里漆黑一团，我几乎认不出我的朋友。
____________________________________________________________________
答案：It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.
用so...that 填空
②His English was________limited________he couldn’t understand what the
native speakers said.
He worked hard________ ________he was admitted into Anhui University.
________hot a day was it________we all went swimming.
答案：so；that；so that；So；that 难句分析 1．That’s what people call the underground in London.
那就是在伦敦通常所称的地铁。
结构分析：这是一个主从复合句。what 引导的是表语从句。如：He is not
what he was ten years ago.他不再是十年前的他了。what除了引导表语从句外
还可引导主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句。如： What he did influenced me
much.
We did what we could to help him out of trouble.
I gave the girl a big doll，exactly what she longed to have. 2．When I get home at about ten，I look at some documents that I bring back
from the office so that I can be ready for the next day’s work.
晚上10 点我回到家，浏览带回的文件，为第二天的工作做准备。
结构分析：(1)这是一个主从复合句，包含两个状语从句和一个定语从句。
(2)when 引导的是时间状语从句。so that 引导的是目的状语从句。
(3)that I bring back from the office 是that 引导的定语从句，先行词是
documents，先行词在从句中作bring 的宾语。 名师原创 1．—Tom，why did you make no reply to me when I called your name in the street
just now?
—Sorry，Jim.I________to my wife on the phone.
A．was talking
B．talked
C．am talking
D．had talked
解析：句意：——汤姆，刚才在街上我喊你时，你怎么不回答？——对不起，吉
姆，我当时正同我妻子通话。 was/were doing常表示在过去某个时间正发生的
动作或存在的状态。
答案：A 2．Your forehead________hot.I guess you________a fever.
A．feels；have got
B．is feeling；have
C．is felt；are having
D．has felt；have got
解析：句意：你的额头很烫，我想你是发烧了。feel/taste/smell/sound/look等
是系动词，后接形容词作表语，无被动语态，无进行时。
答案：A 3．I bet Jack________when we get home.
A．is still sleeping
B．is to be sleeping
C．will still be sleeping
D．will have been sleeping
解析：句意：我敢说当我们到家时，Jack还在睡。will be doing表示将来进行
时，后面when引导的从句是表示点动词时，不能用将来完成进行时will have
been doing。而be to do常表示计划、安排好的将来。
答案：C 4．Tom，I should tell you this is the fifth time you________for class.
A．are late
B．were late
C．have been late
D．had been late
解析：句意：Tom，我要告诉你这是你第五次上学迟到了。句型：It/This/That
is the first/second time(that)从句，(这是第一次/第二次……)，从句要用现在完
成时。
答案：C 5．—You’ve left the light on.
—Oh，so I have.________turn it off but I changed my mind later.
A．I’ll go
B．I’ve gone
C．I go
D．I was going to
解析：句意：——你没关灯。——是的，我原准备关，但后来我又改变了主意。
答案：D 6．If a person works too hard，we usually say he is________.
A．a workaholic
B．a couch potato
C．a bookworm
D．an executive
解析：句意：如果一个人工作过于努力，我们通常称之为工作狂。Couch
potato终日懒散的人；bookworm书呆子；executive董事，行政领导。
答案：A 7．—Do you know where my blue coat is?
—Don’t bother to look for it.I’m sure it will________some day.
A．turn out
B．turn on
C．turn up
D．turn over
解析：turn out结果是，原来是，被证明是；turn on打开；turn up出现，显
现，来到；turn over打翻。句意：——你可知道我的蓝大衣在哪？——不用特地去
找， 我敢肯定某天它会出现的。
答案：C 8．—Are you through with your homework?
—Well，________.
A．sort of
B．go ahead
C．why not
D．that’s OK
解析：句意：——你的作业做完了？——哦，差不多完了。sort of几乎，差不
多；go ahead行，可以， 说吧，做吧；why not(表建议)为什么不；that’s OK
可以，行，就这么办。
答案：A 9．Which do you prefer________your weekends，playing computer games or
watching TV?
A．spending
B．to spend
C．being spent
D．spend
解析：句意：周末时你是喜欢玩电脑游戏还是喜欢看电视？which作prefer的
宾语，to spend...是不定式作目的状语。
答案：B 10．—Is this raincoat yours?
—No.Mine________there behind the door.
A．is hanging
B．has hung
C．hangs
D．hung
解析：句意：——这大衣是你的吗？——不，我的就挂在门后。be doing可以表
示当时之状态。
答案：A
语法精讲 1．一般现在时
通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，则用动词的第三人称单数形式
来表示。其主要用法有：
(1)表客观真理，科学事实，格言及其它不受时间限制的客观存在。
The earth moves around the sun.
(2)表经常性习惯性动作。
He always sleeps with his windows open.
(3)表现在的行为或状态。
Someone’s at the door.
(4)表主语所具备的特点，特征或能力。
Tom speaks good English.
(5)常用于时间、条件、让步状语从句，表将来。
①If it is fine tomorrow，we’ll go to the countryside.
②We’ll go out for a walk as soon as the rain stops. (6)用于根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作。 The train leaves at 7∶30 this evening. (7)用于描述戏剧、歌剧等中的动作以及用于电台评论员，解说员对体育比赛的报道 中，图片说明等。 Tom passes the ball to Harper；Harper shoots and the goalkeeper leaps for it but— yes，it’s a goal. (8)用于here，there等开头的倒装句中，表正在进行的动作。 ①Here comes the bus. ②There goes the bell. 以上两句型均不可用进行时。
2．现在进行时
构成：am/is/are doing。其主要用法有：
be doing用以体现现在(或现阶段)正在发生或进行的动作。
(1)表说话的时刻正在发生或进行的动作。
He is watching TV now.
(2)表目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr.Green is writing a novel these days.
(3)与频度副词、连词always，continually，forever，constantly，all the time等连
用，带有感情色彩，多半表示说话人的不满情绪、惊讶或赞赏等感情色彩。
①She’s always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.
②He is always thinking of others.
(4)表将来，表计划、安排即将发生的动作。
He is marrying next month.
(5)动词get，grow，become，turn，begin，go等表渐变过程。
It’s getting warmer and warmer.
(6)表刚刚过去的动作。
I don’t know what you are talking about. 3．现在完成时
构成：have/has done。其用法有：
(1)表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
①I have never heard of that before.
②I’ve just lost my science book.
一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态。
③He lived in Beijing before liberation.
解放前他住在北京。(现在是否住在北京不知道)
④He has lived in Beijing since liberation.
解放以来他一直住在北京。(说明他现在仍在北京)
(2)现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
①I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
②If it has stopped snowing in the morning，we’ll go to the park
4．现在完成进行时
have/has been doing表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在并在继续之中，仍有可
能继续下去。
I’m exhausted，because I have been painting the room all day. 5．一般过去时
用动词的过去式表示。其主要用法有：
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内所发生的事情或情况，其中包括习惯性的动
作。
Last night I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
(2)用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语。
Have you seen a pen？I left it here this morning. 6．过去进行时
构成：was/were doing。其主要用法有：
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行或一段时间内一直进行的动作或情况。
This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
(2)过去进行时常与always，continually，frequently 等词连用，表示过去经常发生
或反复发生的情况。
The old man was always losing his way.
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