3. only加状语(即： only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句等)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。
4. 当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时，可省略if, 将were, should, had置句首。
5. so / such … that结构中，将so / such … 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
【考点2】完全倒装
Out ______， still discussing the fashion show with great interest. (2011·江苏南京金陵中学高三模拟卷)
A. walked a crowd of young girls
B. did a crowd of young girls walk
C. were walking a crowd of young girls
D. a crowd of young girls were walking
A 方位副词out 放于句首，后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。
完全倒装即将谓语移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有：
1. 以now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不用倒装。
2. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。
【考点3】另类倒装 — That boy enjoys drawing very much. — ______， I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing as he is.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Traveled so much as I have
C. As I have traveled so much
D. Much as I have traveled
D as引导的让步状语从句中，可将副词提前至句首。
1. as引导的让步状语从句中，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。若提前的表语是名词，一般不用冠词。
2. 当such用作表语时，通常采用倒装语序。
3. 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ______， we'd better take it to the garage immediately. (2011·江苏卷)
A. Otherwise
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so 省略句
D if so ＝if it is so。it代指It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. 这件事。
— Will he fail in the exam? — ______.
A. Don't hope to
B. Let's hope not
C. Not hope so
D. Let's hope not to
B 考查用so, not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。so可代替单词、词组、句子，作believe, do, expect, guess, hope, fear, imagine, suppose, think等词的宾语；not代替否定的句子，用法与so相似。根据句意“(让)我们希望他考试不要失败”和语法规则，为了不重复别人的话，表示否定意义时， hope只用(I) hope not的形式。
1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变成分词形式。
2. 在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 谓语是be动词时，从句的主语、谓语可省略。如when/if necessary。
3. 当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则用代词的宾格形式。
4. 当省略不定式的内容时，则须保留小品词to。 it指代时间时，有如下一些句型： (1)It is(about/ high) timefor sth. (for sb.) to do sth. that从句(should do/ did，必须用虚拟语气) (2)It is /has been ＋ some time ＋ since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。) it 的特殊用法 【考点1】it 的指代作用 (3)It/This is the first /second…time＋that从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第……次做了某事) (4)It was ＋时间点＋when从句 (5)It was / will be some time＋before从句 it 的特殊用法 【考点1】it 的指代作用
代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语；由于在翻译时，汉语习惯上会加上“这、那”之意，所以常见的干扰项就是this 和that。
1. it 代替动词不定式或动名词充当句子的形式主语：
(1)为平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为it 作形式主语，即：
①It's ＋adj./n. for sb. to do sth.
常见形容词：easy, difficult, convenient, possible 等。
It is possible for me to make a tour around the world. 【考点2】 it 作形式主语
②It's ＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth.
常见形容词：kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, honest，wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等表示某人的品行的词语。 It is honest of the boy to tell the truth.
(2)It is no use / no good /useless / senseless ＋ doing sth. 【考点2】 it 作形式主语
2. it 代替整个句子，放在句首充当形式主语：
(1)It is ＋ adj./n. ＋ that从句
(2)It is ＋ v．ed ＋ that从句
常见过去分词：said, reported, known, expected, thought, believed, considered, suggested等。
当表示命令、建议、坚持、忠告等意义时，从句要用虚拟语气(should)＋do。 【考点2】 it 作形式主语
(3)It doesn't matter/ makes no difference＋特殊疑问词/whether引导的从句
(4)It seems/ appears＋that从句：似乎/好像……
(5)It happens＋that从句：碰巧，恰巧…… 【考点2】 it 作形式主语
代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。
1. 主语＋think/ consider/ find/ feel/ believe/ regard/ make ＋it＋adj./n. (for sb.) to do.
2. 主语＋think/ consider/ find /feel ＋it＋ no good/ use doing sth. 【考点3】 it 作形式宾语
3. 主语＋believe/ imagine/ think/ consider/ find/ feel/ make/ regard/ ＋it＋ adj./n. ＋ that从句
4. 主语＋hate/ dislike/ love/ like ＋it ＋ when从句(表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶)
5. 主语＋appreciate ＋ it＋ if从句
6. 主语＋see to/answer for it＋that从句(确保……)
主语＋depend on it ＋that从句(指望，确信……) 【考点3】 it 作形式宾语 注意：4、5、6为特殊句型：用it 代替其后的整个句子，it等于整个句子，但不能省略。 【考点3】 it 作形式宾语 单项填空
第17课时
特殊句式
二
1. At the meeting place
of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______， one of the ten largest cities in China.(2010·重庆卷)
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
A 表地点的介词短语放于句首时，其后用完全倒装。
思路点拨
2. — Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village ______ it was made.(2011·重庆卷)
A. that
B. where
C. when
D. which
A 这是个强调句，强调地点。 思路点拨
Is ______ three hours ______ the boy ______ family is poor to come to school on foot?
A. it; that; whose
B. it; that it takes; whose
C. it for; that it takes; whose
D. it; when; that 强调句型
【考点1】强调句型的基本结构
B 这是一个强调句，强调作宾语的时间名词three hours, the boy后接一个定语从句， whose作定语修饰family。句意：那位家境贫寒的男孩花了3个小时徒步来到学校吗？
强调句型的基本结构是： It ＋ be ＋被强调部分＋ that(who)…。
强调句的一般疑问句形式为： Is(Was)＋被强调部分＋that/who…？
强调句的特殊疑问句形式为： Who/When/Where/Why ＋ is (was) it that…？ 强调句若以特殊疑问句形式出现，很容易误解。比较：
Why is it that he can't come? 他为什么不能来？
What is it that he wants to buy? 他想要买什么？
以上两句可视为由以下陈述句转换而来：
It is because he is ill that he can't come. It is a computer that he wants to buy.
当强调人时，可用who代替其中的that, 当强调时间和地点时，不能用when和where代替that。
【考点2】not… until用于强调句
It was not until ______ that I knew the truth. (2011·四川成都外国语学校高三月考卷)
A. you told me
B. did you tell me
C. had you told me
D. you have told me
A 该句强调了not until you told me。在强调not until句型时要将not 与until放在一起，并且语序不变的。
其基本形式为It is (was) not until … that …。如：
It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.
My father and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once ______ with each other. (2011·福建省三明二中高三二模卷)
A. have they quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. did they quarrel
D. had they quarreled 倒装句
【考点1】部分倒装
A 表否定意义的副词放于句首时后引起部分倒装。即：否定意义副词＋助动词＋主语＋动词。
The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only______， but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers' energy
B. was teachers' energy saved
C. teachers' energy was saved
D. was saved teachers' energy
B 解答该题的关键是要能够识别由并列连接词not only…but(also)…所引导的句子结构。根据语法规则，由并列连词not only…but (also)…连接的两个分句， not only引导的这个分句应该用部分倒装结构，后一个分句不用倒装结构。D项为完全倒装结构。
部分否定即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与疑问句大致相同。构成部分倒装的主要情形有：
1. 含否定意义的词(如： never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, not a single …， no longer, nowhere, by no means, at no time, neither, nor等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。
2. so表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物时，意为“……也一样”， 用“so＋助动词＋主语”这样的倒装句式。若讲述的情况属于同一个人或物时，意为“……的确如此”， 主谓不倒装。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓语，另一个省略的倒装结构要用“So it is/was with sb./sth.”或 “It is/was the same with sb./sth.”来表示。