阅读理解 第5讲
猜测词义的技巧
这类题要求考生利用已知信息，根据某个生词或习惯用语在文章的上下文中寻找线索来猜测其词义。通常情况下，出题者故意出那些超纲单词或词组，但考生通过上下文完全可以推测出其含义。这要求考生在平时的阅读中养成良好的习惯，熟练掌握构词法，遇到生词时不要急于查字典，尽量通过文章语境来推测其意思。出题形式一般为：
1. The word/phrase “ ··· ”
most probably means
2. The word/ phrase “ ··· ” can be replaced by
我们通常可以用以下方法去推断、猜测词义：
1. 根据生活常识、构词法或上下文判断词义。如：The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.可猜出lintel为“门梁”之意。
2. 通过转折、因果关系， 或同义词、反义词的关系猜测词义。如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all ··· handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思是“不英俊、不漂亮”。
我们通常可以用以下方法去推断、猜测词义：
3. 通过定义或句法功能来推测词义。如: But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.我们通过“or”及句子结构可看出，drought一词是用来解释“a dry period”，意为“干旱”。 例
(2009·湖北卷) A篇
My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. 例
(2009·湖北卷) A篇
One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. 例
(2009·湖北卷) A篇
The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed, I’m sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, “The war is over!” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer. (
) What did the “service pins”(in Para.2) stand for in the eyes of the little girls?
A. Strength.
B. Courage.
C. Victory.
D. Honor.
词义猜测题。根据下文which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.可知这是令人感到自豪的东西，故service pins 代指honor。
剖析