高三英语语法专题复习讲义（4）
Part 1高考高频短语（4）
1.（09江苏）---- I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have __ .
----So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up
.（09江西）It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
.（09海南）I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______
A. hearing
B strength
C. recognition
D. measure
5（10江西） Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average
B number
C amount
D quantity
6.（10山东）Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter
7（10天津）James took the magazines off the little table to make
for the television.
A. room
B. area
C. field
D. position
8（10江苏）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
9（湖北）This restaurant has become popular for its wide
of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
10. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide
for the homeless families.
A. accommodation
B. occupation
C. equipment
D. furniture.
Part 2 Grammar: Noun clause
Revision
1. One of the most important questions they had to consider was
of public health（09海南）
A. what
B. thisC. that
D. which
2. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of
he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海）
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. how
. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （09四川）
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. （09天津）
A. as
B. which
C. whether
D. that
．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? （09天津）－No problem.
When
B. that
C. whether
D. what
We should consider the students’ request _the school library provide more books on popular science.（09重庆）
A. that B. when
C. which
D. where
7.Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. （09江苏）
A. as B. that C. which D. what. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother. （09山东）
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. who
I What he wants is a book.
It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.
I’m so glad that I can make friends with you.
This is why he did it.
Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?
That he wants a book is certain.
I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.
Whether you like him or not doesn’t matter too much.
He doesn’t know whether you can sing it well.
The problem is whether you can sing it well.
The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.
Please tell me who your monitor is.
2.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句.名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词的宾语）
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is
saying.
The teacher asked ______ I was getting on with my classmates.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. if
We thought ______ strange that she
didn’t come yesterday.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. what
2）主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
Whether he will be able to come
is not yet known .
Why they have not left yet is unclear.
Whoever comes is welcome.
It’s uncertain whether / if he will succeed.
It was good news that every one got back early.
______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A.What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
______I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.
A.Where
B.What
C.That
D.How
It’s not clear ________ was responsible for the accident.
A.Who
B.What
C.How
D.That
3）表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后
______________________________________________________________________________________
The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.
My question is whether Polly can find her way home.
The problem is how Polly is going to find us in the crowd.
Note
1.The reason _______ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
★如果主语为reason, 表语从句连词只能用__________________.
2. 他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.__________________________________________________________
★如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand, proposal, 等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.
1.This is ______ she was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
2.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
3.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. what
4.My advice is that he ______ school by bike.
A. go to
B. would go to
C. goes to
D. went to
5.___ she couldn’t understand was ___fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A.What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
4）同位语从句.在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea / belief / fact / truth / problem / news/doubt 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明
______________________________________________________________+ V谓语+…….
The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity.
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
I have no idea when she will be back .
We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. what D. whether
We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
There’s a feeling in me_______we’ll never know what a UFO is-----not ever.
A.that
B.which
C. of which
D.what
It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A.how
B. that
C. when
D. what
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
The information that he gave at the meeting is of great value.
The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.
He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.
二．名词性从句连接词的用法
1. 引导名词性从句的连接词：可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why
2. 名词性从句连接词的选用
that 和what 的选用
1)______ he wants is a book.
2)______
he wants to go there is obvious. 3).The result is ______ we won the game.
4).This is _____ we want to know. 5).Is _____ he told us true ?
6).We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying. 7). I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8). I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
if 和whether 的选用 I asked her __________ she had a bike. ________
we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. We’re worried about ________ he is safe. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not. I don’t know ________ or not he is well. The question is _________ he should do it. The doctor can hardly answer the question________ the old man will recover soon. I don’t know _______ to go.
1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
2: What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. why
3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray. A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
只用whether,不能使用if 的情况： a. 引导主语从句,且位于句首(it 用作形式主语 时可用if引导) b.引导表语从句c.引导同位语从句
e. 介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.
g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. h. if引起歧义时
连接副词：when, where, how, why.
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确地选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。
________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
I have no idea _________ he looks like. This is _________ I left my glasses.
2.名词性从句的其他问题
1）名词性从句的语序问题：疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。
例1.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________. (NMET2000)
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
例. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? (NMET1990)
A. where Alice had put B. where did Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
2 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
It is necessary that a college student ______at least a foreign language. (上海1993)
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气"(should) +do",常用的句型有:
I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that...
II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that...
III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...如: It is strange that she (should) think so.
(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
(3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示"建议、请求、要求、决定等"意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should) +do"。如:
His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.
(4) 表示"建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等"意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+do"。如:
They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.
3.名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语
例1. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
例2. It worried her a bit ______her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for
a. It + be +形容词/名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge /a fact that…事实是……
b. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears/ happens that…
碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
c. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句:It is believed/ known to all/has been decided that…已决定……
4. 名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
例1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
例2. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who
II Practice
1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have
we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
2. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew
she was so angry. （10湖南）
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
3. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know
it takes to start a business here. （10天津）
A. how
B. what
C. When
D. which
4.
some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. （10北京）
A. Whether
B. What
C. That
D. How
5．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?—OK,
you want. （10浙江）
A．whichever
B．however
C．whatever
D．whoever
6．It is uncertain
side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A．that
B．what
C．how
D．whether
7. One reason for her preference for city life is
she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （10上海）
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. why
8. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. （10山东）
A. why
B. what
C. how
D. which
9. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
. （10上海）
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
10．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on
he goes
with，whether his friends or relatives．（10四川） A．what
B．who
C．how
D．why
11. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全国Ⅰ）
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
12. I want to be liked and loved for
I am inside. （10湖北）
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. how
13.—Have you finished
the book?---No,I’ve read up to____the children discover the secret cave. （10全国Ⅱ）
A.which
B.what
C.hat
D.where
14. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s_______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life. （10江苏）
A.where
B.how
C.when
D.what
15. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （10北京）
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. whether
16.（2011）22. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
17.（2011）31. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. why
18. (2011) 35. There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what
B. if
C. how
D. that
19. (2011上海卷) 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others
actually understand.
A. why
B. that
C. which
D. what
20.（2011） 26. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. why
21.（2011）33.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where
B. what
C. whether
D. which
22.（2011）26. The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
23.（2011）26. It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that
B. how
C. when
D. why
24（2011）33. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.
A. that
B. how
C. who
D. what
25（2011）10. Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why
B. how
C. what
D. which
26（2011）23. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read first.
A. what
B. who
C. how
D. why
27（2011）32. When the news came
_____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
A. since
B. which
C. that
D. because
28（2011）13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
29（2011）15.I’d like to start my own business–that’s
____ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. what
30（2011）22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether
B. when
C. which
D. where
31（2011）34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose
B. what
C. which
D. that
32
(2011)31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
Part 3 综合能力训练
The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.
In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶脑皮层). Brian scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.
Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.
We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.
1. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?
A. To make them more productive.
B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.
C. To develop their communication skills.
D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily.
2. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who has called?
A. He may leave his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.
B. He is probably interrupted by another task.
C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.
D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.
3. People tend to make mistake when ____.
A. they perform several challenging tasks at a time.
B. new messages are processed one after another
C. their relationships with others are affected
D. the tasks require little thought
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Multitasking has become a way of life.
B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.
D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
参考答案
Part 1 Phrase:
1. A
2.【答案】C 本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知应选look into “调查”。
.【答案】D。 短语动词，考查考生对词义的判断能力。句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意，选D。 hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”； recognition意为“认出识别认识答案：A.考点：考察名词解析： a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。
7.答案：A. 。考点：考查名词意义和用法。句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。解析：make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为……让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。
8选B，reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
1. 【答案】C句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。. 【答案】B3. 【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。. 【答案】D5．B6答案】A.【答案】D. 【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。 B. 考点：考查名词性从句。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。
解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
答案：B考点: 本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语，只能用Bwhat来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。
5答案：C考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
6．答案：B考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。
答案：A考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。
8答案:B考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
9答案：B考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。
10答案：B考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”
11答案：D句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D
12. 答案：C考点: 宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。
【答案】【解析】Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。选A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句.
. 答案：B考点:本题考查表语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
Part3
1. 答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提出：“In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. ”，之后用although引出转折，这种训练有时并不能productive。所以选择A。有部分人认为这种大脑的训练能够帮助他们高效的工作。
2. 答案：B解析：细节理解题。主要根据“this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks”，可以推断出之后的“if you’ve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered”的情况，所以选择B。
3. 答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，特别是最后一句话可知当人在同时从事两项或多项需要花费精力的工作时，常常会出错。故选择A。
4. 答案：B解析：主旨大意题。最后一段中作者继续描述了之前的观点：一个人同时从事多项工作会出现很多问题。回到整篇文章，作者主要观点就是告诉大家：多项工作不能产生高效的结果，故选择B。