高考英语第二轮语法专题复习一
冠词The Article
知识要点:
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting
book等。the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法
1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定词组中。如:
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。
二、定冠词的用法:
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:
on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:
the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:
the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠词(即不用冠词):
1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:
Go down this street.
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:
We are students.
I like reading stories.
4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:
Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day.
It is Sunday.
March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:
What’s the matter, Granny?
We elected him monitor.
6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:
at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如:
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【专项训练】:
1、 We can’t live withoutair.
A.an
B.×
C.the
D.some
2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.
——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a; the
B.the; the
C.the; a
D.a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.
A.×; ×
B.the; a
C.a; the
D.an; a
4、Whatfine weather we have today!
A.a
B.×
C.some
D.an
5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?
A.a tree
B.such tree
C.an tree
D.tree
6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.
A.×; the
B.a; an
C.the; ×
D.the; the
7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.
A.×; the;×
B.The; the; the
C.A; a; a
D.×;×;×
8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A.a; a; ×
B.the; ×; the
C.×; the; ×
D.a; the; a
9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.
A.The; ×
B.×; ×
C.×; the
D.A; a
10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.
A.A; an; a
B.The;×;×
C.The; the; the
D.A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.
A.a;×
B.the; an
C.the; the
D.×; the
12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad
temper.A.×;a
B.A;×
C.The; the
D.A; a
13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.
A.a; the
B.×;×
C.×;a
D.a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A.×
B.the
C.a
D.an
15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.
A.×; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.the; the
16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.
A.the; ×
B.×; the
C.×;×
D.the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.
A.×
B.a
C.the
D.one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.
A.×;×
B.the; the
C.the; ×
D.×; the
19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.
A.the; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.×; the
20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some; a
B.an; some
C.some; some
D.an; a
【答案】:
1、B
air是不可数名词。
2、D
此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“-”。
3、D
元音前用an。
4、B
weather是不可数名词。
5、A
此题为85年高考题。泛指。
6、A
go to school是固定短语。
7、B
山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。
8、A
第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。
9、C
第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。
10、C
11、A
第一空,a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。
12、D
第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。
13、C
第一空at dinner正在吃饭,固定短语。
14、A
泛指
15、C
此题是89年高考题:乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。
16、A
此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。
17、C
此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。
18、D
此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语,不加冠词。
19、C
此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共场所,泛指。
20、A
此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;have a word with sb.是固定短语。
新蕾快乐英语一上《Unit 1 My family》flash课件
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 6 My friends》课件1
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 7 Who Are You》flash课件
深港版英语一下《Unit 6 Toys》ppt课件
人教pep1《 revision of Unit 3》PPT课件
新蕾快乐英语一下《Unit 2 Food》PPT课件包
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 4 I can sing》课件3
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 5 My family》课件1
新蕾快乐英语一上《Unit 2 Fruit》ppt课件
新蕾快乐英语一下《Unit 5 Sports》flash课件
青少版新概念1A 《Unit 14 one, two, three catch!》PPT课件
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 6 Who’s She》ppt课件
牛津深圳版英语一下《Unit 11 New Year s Day》课件
新蕾快乐英语一上《Unit 4 School things》ppt课件
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 9 May I have a pie》课件1
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 4 I can sing》课件2
人教Pep2《Unit 3 B let‘s talk》PPT课件
深港版英语一下《Unit 9 Fantasy world》(Part A)ppt课件
牛津深圳版英语一下《Unit 12 A boy and a wolf》课件
牛津深圳版英语一下《Unit 1 Look and see》课件3
人教pep2《Unit 4 B let‘s talk》PPT课件
牛津深圳版英语一上《Unit 8 Apples, please》课件1
牛津深圳版英语一下《Unit 1 Look and see》课件4
新蕾快乐英语一上《Unit 6 Numbers》ppt课件
新蕾快乐英语一上《Unit 3 Colours》ppt课件
牛津1A Unit 1 Hello
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 5 Who’s He》flash课件
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 6 Who’s She》flash课件
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 12 Is It Your Apple》flash课件
新世纪版英语一上《Unit 8 Are You a Milkman》flash课件