2017届高考英语考前冲刺专题精选任务型阅读
一、题型特点与实战训练
一、任务型阅读的题型特点
江苏省高考英语任务型阅读题目要求根据所读，用恰当的词语补全全文提纲，概括关键内容。任务型阅读提供了两种示例——表格式和树状式。题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意每空一词。其中在第二示例中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。这些要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。同时也要求考生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。Don’t forget there may also be some other problems.
= Do _________ there may also be some other problems.
Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.
= Shyness and ___________ make it easy to make mistakes.
28 of the 33 gold medalists wore the body covering Rastskin suit.
=Rastskin suit was __________ by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners at the Sydney Olympics.
To achieve success, you need to have a clear aim and strong determination.
=If you are to _________, you should be determined.
Don’t speak in an angry way.
=Don’t speak ___________
After-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
= After-school programming is an effective method to help young people make ____________to society.
The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
A tsunami(海啸) hits southern Africa,
______
cities on the African coast, and_________
millions of people.
Be responsible for your own learning
=Take ____________for your own learning
Skin color is also affected by another source vitamin D.
=Vitamin D is another source___________ skin color.
We should consider what the other person needs and expects.
=Needs and ___________ of others should be taken into ______________.
2. 注意句子结构转换
The cheating athlete is not easy to catch out.
= The cheating athlete is not __________ caught out.
Building a list can be difficult.
= A list can be difficult to ____________=It can be difficult to build a list
It should offer important information.
= It’s ___________ to offer important information.
Find some information before you talk to career advisers.
=Find some information before ________ career advisers.
About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times faster than sound.
=One piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the __________ of sound.
Please greet others whenever you can.
=Please greet others whenever____________
As the company expands, it becomes more popular.
=With the company ___________, it becomes more popular.
It’s worth taking the time.
=The time you spend will be ___________
3. 另选其它词来释义（注意常用短语的记忆）
You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.
=You are encouraged to keep records of the sources just in __________.
People play indoor sports in all weathers.
= People play indoor sports __________ the weather.
Half of the parents didn’t know about their children’s motor skills.
= Half of the parents were not __________ of their children’s motor skills.
These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous. They must work at their jobs while training.
=These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous and they must ____________ their work with training.
Don’t spend time on some meaningless words.
=____________spending time on some meaningless words.
学会归纳概括词汇
概括词汇有时可以在文章中找到，有时要注意常见的搭配和文章的结构另想它词。在平时练习中注意运用和记忆。
概括性词汇：
原因和结果 cause(s) (of…..); reason(s)( for….); analysis ( about..)
effect(s); result(s); consequence(s)
态度观点 attitude(s) ( to/ towards…); opinion(s) (on/about….)
比较 comparison(s) between A and B
异同 difference(s); similarity(similarities)
优劣 benefit(s); (dis)advantage(s); (in)convenience; strength(s); weakness(es)
目的 purpose(s); aim(s); goal(s)
建议预计 advice; suggestion(s); tip(s);
prediction; forecast
问题 problem(s)
方式方法 means (of….); method(s)(of…) ; way(s)(to do); approach(es)(to doing) ; solution(s) to sth; how (to do….)
总结概括
summary; conclusion
特点 feature (s); characteristic(s)
重要意义 significance; importance; meaning
定义主题 definition（定义）; theme(主题); topic（话题）
来源用途 source（来源）; origin（起源）; use; usage; function（功能）
种类 kind; type; category
步骤过程 steps; procedures; process
措施行动 measures; steps; action(s)
评论评价反应 comment(on/about…); remark(on/upon); assessment(评估); response (to .sth) ; reaction(to sth)
背景信息简介 background information(on/ about….); brief introduction(to…)
事件时间地点 event(s); time; place
和人有关的名词 birthday, birthplace, death, nationality, education, appearance, salary, activity(activities); achievement(s)
和地方有关的名词 a place of interest, a tourist attraction, tourism, destination, area, location, history, climate, population, culture—cultural, politics—political; economy---economic; custom(s), tradition(s), transport/ transportation; the living conditions
和疾病有关的名词 definition; cause(s), symptom(s); prevention; treatment(s)
例： A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.
Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.
Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:
IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:
Cards that hold money.
Cards that provide safe access to a network.
Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.
Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.
Title:
Smart cards
(1)___________ (2)____________ (3)_____________ (4)____________
IC Chip Cards A larger memory &
Better security
Hold data Not mentioned Popularity
Large memory
Low cost of
cards
Optical Memory
cards Store much data
Good for doctors
Drivers and travelers
to keep records
Cost not much Unchangeable data
No processors
Expensive car readers
附：任务型阅读中的高频词：
1.使某人能够做enable / allow sb to do
2.不能做某事fail to do
3.绝非易事no easy job
4.避免做avoid doing
5.包括……including sth= sth included
6.导致result in= lead to=contribute to=bring about = cause= give rise to
7.符合需求meet/ satisfy / suit one’s needs/ wants/ demands/ requirements
8.充分利用make the most of=make the best(use) of= make full use of
9.依靠depend on=be dependent on
10.建立在……基础上be based on
11.做某事有困难have difficulties with sth
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth
12.参与participate in =get/be involved in
13.献身于，投入于devote ….to sth/doing
14.一刻，四分之一quarter
十年decade
一个世纪century
15.和……相似be similar to
16.熟悉……be familiar with
17.重要/有价值/有用/有帮助
be of importance/ significance/ value/ use/ help= be important/ significant/ valuable/ useful/ helpful
18.在……帮助下with the help of
=with the aid/ assistance of….
19.在某人许可之下with one’s permission
20.开始存在come into being/ existence
21.影响……have a…effect on = affect
22.被……取代be replaced by/ with
23.在上升中be increasing/ rising
=be on the increase/ rise
在减少中be decreasing/declining/
dropping=be on the decrease/ decline
24.除了做……别无选择
have no choice/ alternative/ option but to do
25.对……负责；是……成因
be responsible for= take responsibility for
26.对……有害do harm to= be harmful to
27.对……有好处be good for=do good to=be beneficial to = be of benefit to….= benefit sb/ sth
28.对……造成威胁be a threat to sth
= be dangerous to ….
29.意识到be aware / conscious of
提高意识raise/ increase one’s awareness of
30.有机会利用/进入have access to….
31.和……相等；胜任于be equal to…
32.有规律的/地regular(ly)
33.舒适的/地
comfortable-comfortably
34.大多数the majority of the students= most of the students = most students
35.占多数in the majority
占少数in the minority
36.大的百分比a large percentage of…
37.毁坏(v) destroy
毁坏(n) destruction
38.可得到的available
39.建立set up=found=establish
组成form a team/ band
40.消失(v)disappear 消失(n) disappearance
41.对…感到自豪be proud of=take pride in
42.描述(v) describe
描述(n) description
43.起……作用play a role in…
44.保持平衡keep a balance
45.考虑……consider …..= take….into consideration/ account
46.和……有联系be related to= relate to=be linked with/ to= be connected with/ to = be associated with
47.以纪念/以对某人表示敬意in honor of
48.以庆祝in celebration of
49.一开始in the beginning
在……开始at the beginning of…
50.使某人想起；提醒某人注意
remind sb of sth
51.和……和谐相处live in harmony with
= live harmoniously with
52.对……造成损害do /cause damage to..
53.成本高at high cost
54.以认可……in recognition of….
55.阻止某人做prevent / stop/ keep sb from
56.保持健康keep fit/ healthy
57.鼓励某人做encourage sb to do
在某人鼓励之下under one’s encouragement
在某人指导之下under one’s guidance
58.成功地做manage to do= succeed in doing
59.受伤(v) injure
受伤(n) injury
受伤(adj) injured
60.遭受……suffer from….
61.被限制到be limited to n/ doing
一个……的限制a limit to…
61.人们普遍接受…
It is widely(=generally) accepted that.
我认为……是可接受的
I think it acceptable that…
62.获得成功achieve success;
达到目的achieve one’s goal
63.除了..之外还有in addition to= besides= apart from=as well as…
除了..没有apart from=except=but =other than
64.在……方面取得进步
make progress=an advance in sth
65.对……厌倦be bored with=be tired of
=be fed up with
66.谨慎（n）caution
谨慎(adj) cautious
67.结合（v）combine
结合(n)
combination
68.和sb交流communicate with
=have communication with
69.对….自信be confident of…
=have confidence in…
70.由……组成consist of= be made up of
71. 对…作出贡献
make contributions to=contribute to..
72.被控制住be controlled =be under control
73.处在灭绝的危险中in danger of dying out
74.为某人树立榜样set an example to sb
75.符合某人的期待
come/ live up to one’s expectations
76.面对……be faced with= face
77.成长(v) grow
成长(n)
growth
78.缺少实际经验lack practical experience =be lacking in …..= be short of……
因为缺….for lack of….
79.身心健康physical and mental health
be healthy physically and mentally
80.积极的positive
消极的negative
81.现象 phenomenon→phenomena
82.受某人欢迎be popular with=among
欢迎(n) popularity
83.使某人满意satisfy
满意(n)
satisfaction
84.全心全意为人民服务
serve the people heart and soul
85.社会(n) society
社会的(adj)
social
86.各种各样的varieties of=a variety of
= various +名词
（动词）vary
87.某人/某事可能be likely to do
88.实现realize sth=turn sth into reality
89.随着……发展with the development of..
90.A不同于B
A differs from B= A is different from B
91.改善，提高(n)
improvement
【备考建议】许多考生最大的障碍就是词汇。重视词汇不仅要大量背生词，而且要注重“猜词”能力的培养，善于运用构词法来扩充词汇。不仅要求在单词量上有突破，而且要把高频词学到位2.加强阅读训练阅读是一个语言知识输入的过程，同时也是文化体验的过程。平时在阅读训练当中既要注重文章细节理解，也要注重文章主旨理解，更要注重文脉逻辑的理解。阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We’re likely no accept something we are told, but that’s not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical（批判性的）thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food（垃圾食品）, they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students on these? We can’t. But that’s not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: ”This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
Title Very Useful(1)_________
Introduction Education should be a (2)
for life.
Advice Important things should be taught in (3)
.
Teaching
(4)_______ ●How to behave(5)___________
●The basic skill of(6)
money
●How to(7)
___ in a critical way
●How to keep(8)_________
●The rights and responsibilities one has in (9)
Conclusion Children should be taught what(10)
is and how to deal with it.
二、实战训练
【强化训练】
一、根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。每个空格只填一个单词。
1.What should we do so that our communication will be effective?
What should we do to communicate ______________?
2.Good communication ___________ on （取决于）good personal qualities.
3.The total __________ of libraries in North America is over 135,000.
4.In this way all works can be easily located by readers.
In this way readers will have little ____________ locating what they want.
5. All you have to do is to take control of your emotions and make them positive instead of letting them control you.
You have to control your emotions and make them positive instead of being _______
by them.
6.Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend who……
Another great way to keep up your ____________ for reading over the holiday is to find….
7.Advertising agencies appeared in the latter part of the 19th century.
Advertising agencies came into ________________ in the latter part of the 19th century.
8. Advertising spending has increased dramatically in recent years.
There has been a ____________ in advertising spending.
9. We prefer to be a little cautious at this stage.
More ____________ is needed at this stage.
10. In the early 1900s the birth rate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise.
The birth rate was on the __________ and more people got divorced.
11.2.6 billion people lack proper wastewater treatment.
2.6 billion people are __________ of proper wastewater treatment.
12. The UN aims to cut in half by the year 2015 the population unable to reach or afford safe drinking water.
The UN aims to cut in half by the year 2015 the population having no _________ to safe drinking water.
13. Your own weight is the amount of the force that holds you to the earth.
The force that holds you to the earth is ___________ to your own weight.
14.Studies have shown that the presence of natural green spaces and plants is connected with a 50 percent reduction in the incidents of violent crime.
The incidents of violent crime have ___________ in places where there are natural green spaces and plants.
15.Most of the world’s rainforests are topical rainforests that grow in warm places near the earth’s equator.
The ___________ of the rainforests are topical forests, while another……
16. The trees take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
The trees __________ carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
17. Conservationists are looking for ways that people can use the forests without destroying them.
Conservationist are trying to use the forests without causing ____________.
18.You should walk fast enough to cause you to breathe hard.
Walk fast enough to cause you to breathe with __________.
19.The drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be taken into careful consideration.
The drawbacks need to be carefully ____________ as well.
20.She is considered as a role model and an inspiration by many of her peers.
She is really a role model, _____________ many people.
21.The viewers who watch it five times a week learn more than those who watch it occasionally
_______________ viewers learn more than occasional ones.
22.The marriage lasted until 1990.
Their marriage ___________ up in 1990.
23.They should concentrate on improving their skills.
They should focus on the ____________ of their skills.
24.As China’s economy continues to steam ahead, once popular forms of entertainment appeal to be losing their appeal.
With China’s _______ development, some forms of entertainment no longer appeal to people
25. They are far better than those of the West.
They are ____________ to those of the West.
二、阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What's more, it offers apprentices an "earn while you learn" opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.
Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off (下岗) if business for the employers is slow.
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors.
Title:
(1) ______
Definition on-the-job training combining workplace experience and classroom (2)_________
the (3)________ of the time in a workplace: learning the practical skills
the rest of the time in a classroom: learning the (4)_______
skills.
Advantages costing apprentices nothing offering apprentices money-making opportunities
half the pay of a journeyman at the (5)________
gradually increasing pay in the process
90% of
a (6)_________wages near the end offering employers many (7)_________
workers
Disadvantages little time for anything else
the possibility of
being (8)_______
off
(9)_______ a formal certification
another (10)__________ increase
free choices of jobs
（2）
Many people need guidance in choosing a career (职业). Fortunately, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities (机会). With all the information available, it's not surprising that people can feel confused. So if you're ready to start your first job or change careers, where do you begin?
The Occupation Handbook is a good resource.
Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. Not only is information provided about the United States as a whole, but readers can easily search for information about their particular state. You can read about the fastest-growing occupations in the area where you live and find out what they are like. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
Take, for example, Nadia's situation. Nadia was a doctor's assistant in Iran, and her goal in the United States is to become a nurse. However, she needs to work while she is studying nursing. She is interested in becoming a medical assistant to help work her way through college.
When going on-line to the Handbook and searching under "medical assistant", Nadia is happy to read that this is expected to be one of the fastest-growing careers through 2010. Besides, job opportunities are even better for people with experience. She discovers that medical assistants not only have to do some office work, but have medical responsibilities as well. Nadia decides this job will be interesting and will also provide excellent experience for her nursing career.
The Occupation Handbook is just an example of websites that can help you plan a new career. When you have found information about some different careers, you will be ready to talk to career advisers. Choosing your future career is an extremely important decision. It's worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can.
Title
Finding Information on the (1)_________ for Tomorrow’s Job
Introduction There is a lot of job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be (2)_________
Facts of the handbook The information is updated in a (3)_________ manner.
Its vast resources include ways of job (4)_________
Nadia’s (5)________ She wants to become a nurse in the United States.
She needs to work to make (6)__________ for her college study.
Her previous(7)__________ may help her to get the job.
If she’s a medical assistant, she’ll also take medical (8)_______
Conclusion Find some information on-line before (9)_________ career advisers.
The time you spend and the efforts you make will be (10)___________
（3）
For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the ‘‘sixth sense" of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.
Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．
Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?
A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．
One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense of direction．
In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How
would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
one direction—north．
Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．
The Magnetic Sense — The Living Compass
Passage outline Supporting details
The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass ◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (1)
__
magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
◇(2)
___
on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.
The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses ◇ One piece of evidence is the (3)
of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.
◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (4)
under cloudy skies
The
(5)
on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses
◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (6)
their magnetic sense.
◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (7)
days.
◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees.
The
(8)
of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass ◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (9)
.
◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (10)
inside their bodies.
（4）
When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.
The first step is cooperating(合作).How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.
When the person begins to repeat what’s been said, it’s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat some words he is using, sending a clear signal the you’re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.
Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask same open-ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
The fourth step is to summarize(概括)what you’ve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this, two things happen First, if you’ve missed something, he can fill in the (细节).Second, you’ve shown that you’re making an effort to understand completely. This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that this thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.
Then enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.
Topic (1)
to understand
Reason Difficult people hope they have been heard and(2)
when they express themselves.
(3)________ ◆(4)
in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.
◆Repeat some(5)
that you have heard.
◆Collect information about the person’s expressions and find his(6)
.
◆Give a(7)
of what the person has said.
◆Confirm that the person gains(8)
from speaking his thoughts.
Result A difficult person will be(9)
to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.