高考英语冲刺阅读理解训练题（七十三）

　　阅读理解训练题（七十三）

　　A

　　On October 12, 1989, some Chinese scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright spots crossing the computers’s screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror, they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses （病毒）! Obviously all these computers had been infected by computer viruses.

　　It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence （才智）. These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem（耶路撒冷）Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the functions （功能）, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.

　　We now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Fridays and that they are spreading to a lot of computers. Among the countries that suffered computer viruses last year are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But fill now , how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.

　　56．The group of young men created the viruse to________.

　　A. damage the computers

　　B. test their ability

　　C. tell the world that they were intelligent

　　D. play a trick on operators of the computers

　　57．According to the passage, computer viruses seem to________.

　　A. have been in nature for years

　　B. exist in any computers

　　C. be difficult to get rid of at present

　　D. be able to be got rid of in the near future

　　58．The most serious damage caused by the viruses is that________.

　　A. the computer’s functions are lowered

　　B. the normal programs are damaged

　　C. all the information stored in the computers is gone

　　D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used

　　59．According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　　A. Last year four countries found their computers were infected by viruses.

　　B. The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time.

　　C. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses.

　　D. The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health.

　　B

　　Baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a bathtub and water system built over 3, 000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some as many as 3, 000 persons could bathe at the same time.

　　Treating disease by bathing has been popular for centuries. Moden medical bathing or hydrotherapy, first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s also became popular in the United States.

　　For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided and perfune（香水）was often used to cover up body smells ！

　　By the 1770’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be cleaned. Slowly people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became common.

　　In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city, for example, a person could only take a bath every thirty days !That was a law!

　　Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanness is important to health. Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases.　Consequently, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bathe once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential to good health.

　　60．In Greece________ .

　　A. there were some public baths large enough to hold 3, 000 persons.

　　B. people used to treat disease by bathing

　　C. people began to bathe thousands of years ago

　　D. people didn’t like frequent bathing

　　61．The Americans used to be known as “The Great Unwashed” because________.

　　A. the modem medical bathing first became popular in the U. S.

　　B. they didn’t bath frequently

　　C. the Americans were very clean.

　　D. soap was first produced in the U. S.

　　62．Apparently the word“ hydrotherapy” in the second paragraph means________.

　　A. medical bathingme to cover up body smells after bathing

　　D. the British people generally took a bath once a week.

　　C

　　Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

　　Time is not very important in non industrial societies.　The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such non industrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule（时间表）based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar（日历）, but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures day in terms of “sleeps ”or longer periods in terms of “moons”.　Some cultures, such as the Eakinos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.

　　Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”.For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed - upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

　　In contrast （成对比）, exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, in detribalized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently （well, quickly and without waste）, for example , all of the workers must work at the same time, Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated （复杂的）societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

　　64．By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means________.

　　A. they live all over the world．

　　B. they are different from other animals

　　C. they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole

　　D. they are divided into many groups

　　65．Time is not very important in non industrial societies. This is because people in those societies________.

　　A. don’t have the word TIME in their languages

　　B. don’t get used to using clocks and other timepieces

　　C. don’t measure time in their daily lives

　　D. don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

　　66．The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on________.

　　A. the change of the sun rays

　　B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

　　C. the position of the stone

　　D. the position of the tree or the cliff

　　67．Which of the following night be the best title for this passage?

　　A. Time and Culture

　　B. The Measurement of Time

　　C. Time schedule and Daily Life

　　D. Clock, Calendar and Society

　　D

　　A person, like a commodity （商品）, needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person’s unique qualities to their advantages. To show personal attractiveness in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself. A skilled packager knows how to add art to nature without any signs of embellishment（装饰）, so that the person so packaged is not a commodity but a human being, lively and lovely.

　　A young person, especially a female, shining with beauty and full of life, has all the favor granted by God. Any attempt to make up would be self - defeating. Youth, however, comes and goes in a flash. Packaging for the middle - aged is primarily to hide the marks made by years. If you still enjoy life enough to keep self - confidence and work at pioneering work you are unique in through plains mountains and jungles, running its course as it should. You have really lived your life, which now arrives at a self - satisfied stage of quietness and calmness with no interest in fame or wealth . There is no need to make us of hair dyeing. The snow - capped mountain is itself a beautiful scene of fairyland. Let your looks change from young to old in step with the natural ageing process so as to keep in harmony （和谐）with nature, for harmony itself is beauty, while the other way round will only end in unpleasantness. To be in the elder’s company is like reading a thick book of deluxe （better quality）edition that attracts one so much as to be unwilling to part with.

　　As long as one find where on stands, one knows how to package oneself, just as a commodity sets up its brand by the right packaging.

　　68．It can be concluded from the text that________.

　　A. people should be packed at all ages

　　B. people should be packed in a special way

　　C. elderly people also care about packing

　　D. proper packing makes people attractive

　　69．For the middle - aged, attractiveness________ .

　　A. hardly exists

　　B. is the strongest

　　C. comes from the inside

　　D. comes from the appearance

　　70．The underlined sentence means that elderly people ________.

　　A. are usually packed like a finely - made book

　　B. experience a lot and have rich knowledge of life

　　C. do a lot of traveling and can give you much information

　　D. enjoy reading thick books of beautiful nature and fairylands

　　E

　　There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

　　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

　　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same.　The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的）people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Varations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

　　Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）. The progress from a rattle （拨浪鼓）used by a baby in 3000BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

　　71．The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that________.

　　A. they like challenging activities.

　　B. their social roles are rigidly determined

　　C. most boys would like to follow their fathers professions.

　　D. boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers

　　72．One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that________.

　　A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world.

　　B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

　　C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

　　D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

　　73．Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?

　　A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

　　B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

　　C. The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged.

　　D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries

　　74．Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.

　　A. reflect the pace of social progress

　　B. are not characterized by technological progress

　　C. follow a direct line of ascent

　　D. also appeal greatly to adults

　　75．The author uses the example of a rattle to show that________.

　　A. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - making

　　B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

　　C. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

　　D. in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials

　　阅读理解训练题（七十三）答案

　　56．C　提示：第二自然段第三句话“They created the viruses just to show their intelligence”暗示了答案。答案D“捉弄计算机用户”在文中没有提到。

　　57．C　提示：本文最后一句话“how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem”，暗示答案如C项所述。

　　58．C　提示：第二自然段句子“…damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information”，正是答案所述，即计算机一旦受到这种病毒的影响，计算机里的信息就会失去。

　　59．C　提示：深层理解题。从本文结尾看，直到现在，如何除掉这种可怕的病毒还是个问题，但人们正在努力地寻找着它的克星。

　　60．C　提示：关键句“…there are the ruins of a both tub（澡盆）and water system（供水系统）built over 3，000 years ago”可说明。

　　61．B　提示：关键句“…for example，a person could only take a bath every thirty days”可说明。

　　62．A　提示：该词出现在文章第二段“Modern medical bathing or hydrotherapy．”此处的or hydrotherapy是用来解释medical bathing的，or是“也就是”、“即”的意思。

　　63．D　提示：关键句“…taking a bath on Saturday night became common”，“Victorian Age”暗示英国可说明。

　　64．C　提示：从第一段“They live in groups all over the world”可知。

　　65．D　提示：从第二段第三句可知。

　　66．A提示：从第三段“Each day the angle of the sun changes…the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place”可知。

　　67．A　提示：从文意可知。

　　68．D　提示：从第一段第二句“going too far is absolutely undesirable”，第四句“To show personal attractiveness…”可看出。

　　69．C　提示：从“If you still enjoy life…”可知，A，B，D皆不符。

　　70．B　提示：这句话意思是老人有丰富的经验和生活知识，故选B。

　　71．B　提示：本文主要通过阐述玩具的历史说明这样一种观点：玩具反映人们的艺术观，几十年来玩具的变化不大。男孩子玩的玩具与女孩子玩的玩具不同，其原因正如第2段第2、3句所说的：在社会角色严格确定的社会中，男孩玩的模式是按照他们父亲所从事的活动，而女孩子则模仿她们母亲的工作，其原因是他们正准备步入成人世界去扮演他们的角色和承担他们的责任。综上所述，正确选项应为B（他们的社会角色是严格决定了的）。选项A文中尚未提及。选项C没有说到根本的内容，即，步入成人世界去扮演他们的角色和承担他们的责任，而不仅仅是“子承父业”。选项D文中也未提及。

　　72．A　提示：本题实际上是考查对universality of toys一词的理解。universality意思是“普遍性，一般性，广泛性”。它与选项C中的universe“宇宙，万物”和选项D中的universities “大学”毫无关系。选项B所提及的内容也是文中没有涉及到的。故A项为正确选项。

　　73．D　提示：这是一道作者观点题。有关作者对玩具历史发展的观点可从文章的第3段获得，在和第1句中作者说“有关玩具的历史引人注意的不是多少世纪以来玩具有了多大变化，而是它们竟然一成不变。”接着，作者又谈到：“令人感到惊讶的正是世界各地玩具发展的普遍性和直到现在玩具的持久不变性。”而选项A的内容文章并未提及。选项B的内容也与玩具的历史发展无关。选项C所提的制造玩具的工艺不是没变，而是有了很大变化。故D为正确选项。

　　74．B　提示：从第4段第1句话可知：玩具做为一种艺术形式，并不受技术飞跃的支配。这正与选项B内容相符，A，C，D选项显然与文章内容不符。

　　75．C　提示：最后一段中作者以拨浪鼓为例说明即使是简单的玩具也可反映出时代的艺术特色。因为第3句说的很明白，公元前3000年孩子玩的拨浪鼓到今天孩子玩的拨浪鼓并不是以某种发明为特征的。最后一句话说得很清楚“每只拨浪鼓只是每个时代艺术品位的反映并受到了可选材料的限制”。作者强调的是玩具的艺术特性，选项A，B都与原文内容矛盾。选项D在文章中没有提及。