名词性从句
一、定义:在复合句中相当于一个名词,做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
二、引导词:1. 连词:that , if, whether, as if
2. 连接代词:who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever
3. 连接副词:when, where, why, because, how
三、引导词的作用:1 连词只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当
定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
四、各个句型的注意点
主语从句
1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语,而将主语从句放于句尾。
3.由that引导的从句,that虽然没有什么意思,但是却不能省略。
4.WH引导的从句,引导词放于句首,从句用陈述句语序。
5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether, 用IT做形式主语之后,主语从句放于句尾时whether与if均可以。
(二)宾语从句
1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:
(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略
(2) and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:
(1)whether从句中有or not
(2)whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构常是:
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
(三)表语从句
1.表示是否时,表语从句的引导词只用whether
2.that引起表语从句时,通常不省略。但是在口语中也可以省略或用“,”代替that
(四)同位语从句
1、that引起同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义,但是不可以省略。
2、引起同位语从句表示是否时,只用whether。
3、定语从句的先行词(名词或代词)在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分,而同位语从句所补充说明的名词或代词在同位语从句中没有任何语法成分。
1.He told me the news that our team won.
2.He told me the news that was very exciting.
3.We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school.
4.We are interested in the news that he told us.
5.He didn’t give the answer why he was late.
6.He didn’t tell the reason why he was late
定语从句与名词性从句
定语从句 名词性从句
性质 形容词 名词
位置 名词或代词后 主语,宾语表语或同位语
引导词 Who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,where,why That,if,whether,as if,
What,who,whom,which,wh+ever,when,where,why,because,how
引导词作用 代替先行词并在定语从句中表示先行词的意思和充当一定的句子成分 连词起连接的作用,不在从句中充当句子成分
连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用有要早从句中充当一定的句子成分。
一、区别
二、例句
1.I don’t know that man who is speaking at the meeting.
I don’t know who is speaking at the meeting.
2.
I must thank you for what you have done.
I must thank you for the things that you have done.
you may choose which you want in these books.
You may choose the book which you want in these books
见定语与同位语例句
三、解题点拨
首先弄清句子结构,再查看考查的是哪一种从句。
如果是定语从句,根据先行词的不同和其在从句中的句子成分选词。
如果是名词性从句,先看从句是否意思完整,如果意思完整,就用that。如果不完整,则根据题目所提供的情景或上下文选择最佳答案。
引导名词性从句的连接词除that外,一般都有一定的词义。
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