Practise 1). When _______(heat) water will be changed
into vapour.
While _______ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour.
2) ______(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
_______ (see) from the hill,
you will find the city beautiful.
3) Generally speaking, when
________(take) according to the directions, the drug has no
side effect.
If ________(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heated heating Seen Seeing
taken taking 2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. amused
B. amusing C. to amuse
D. to be amused
【答案】A 返回目录 3.(2010年高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire
About the position_____ in yesterday’s China
Daily. A. advertised
B.
advertising C. being advertised
C.
to advertise
A
doing…
being done
having done…
having been done 一般式(doing)表示主动的
一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作； 被动式(being done)表示正在进行的
被动的动作； 完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前
的主动的动作； 完成被动式(having being done)
表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。 作状语可以表示时间、原因、
条件、让步、
结果、方式
或伴随情况。 分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。
1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.
2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
F T T (True or false) 现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别
1). European football is played in 80 countries , _________ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)
A. making
B. makes
C. make
D. to make
2). He hurried to the station only ________ that the train had left . (2005广东)
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. to have found
现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自 然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语 时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果
A A 非谓语动词 主语 宾语 宾补 主补 定语 状语 表语 不定式 -ing分词 过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物 动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激 动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、 “令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高 兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡 是表示“感到 ……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人 对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...， 若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is
interesting。 6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 delighting 令人高兴的——delighted 感到高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的——disappointed 感到
失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的——encouraged 感到鼓
舞的 pleasing 令人愉快的——pleased
感到愉快的 puzzling 令人费解的——puzzled
感到费解的 satisfying 令人满意的——satisfied
感到满意的 surprising 令人惊异的——surprised
感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的——worried
感到担心的
7、动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾 格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。
1) LiPing’s/ My helping her moved her deeply.
2) I appreciate your/you/LiPing’s/ LiPing coming
to see me.
3) Is there any hope of our team winning the
match?
4) What made me angry was many students
failing in the exam.
(动名词结构作宾语, 其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可) (动名词结构作主语, 其逻辑主语用所有格) (逻辑主语是无生命名词时, 只用普通格) (以-s 结尾的名词, 只用普通格) 1) I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon .
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
2) ________ made her mother very angry.
A. Mary marrying
Jim
B. Mary’s married Jim
C. Mary’s marrying Jim
D. Mary’s being married Jim C
C
独立主格结构 练习： 造一个含有独立主格结构的句子 All flights_____ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled
B. had been canceled
C. having canceled
D. having been canceled 2. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain
B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain
D. There being no rain 3. Everything _______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking D D B Thank you!
非
谓
语
动
词
Non-predicate Verbs 1.(2011高考英语陕西卷,20) More highways have
been built in China,_____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A. making
B. made
C. to make
D. having made 【答案】A 返回目录 2.(2011高考英语陕西卷,14) Chaire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left. A. check
B. checking
C.
to check
D. checked
【答案】D 返回目录 3.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. amused
B. amusing C. to amuse
D. to be amused
【答案】A 返回目录 4.(2011高考全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke _____ from behind the house. A. rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
【答案】B 返回目录
什么是非谓
语动词啊？
“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗! 那“不是谓语” 是什么呢？ …… 英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构 如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下 方法：
加入并列连词，构成并列句（and / but / so…）
放入从句，构成主从复合句
变为非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
1、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？ 2 、非谓语动词有哪些？ 有哪些具体的不同形式？ 3、 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示
的动作的先后关系是什么？ 4、 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？
一、要点知识检查及重难点强调与提醒
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
1、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？ 非谓语动词的三种形式
-ing形式
-ed形式
to do不定式 非谓语动词 同谓语动词的区别
谓语动词——只能做谓语；有人称和数的变化；有时态、语态和语气的变化。
非谓语动词——不能做谓语，也没有人称和数的变化；仍具有动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化；如果是及物动词(vt.)后面可接宾语。 ① At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant
park with trees providing shade and _____
down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海）
A. sitting
B. having sat
C. to sit
D. sat D ② Prices of daily goods _____ through a
computer can be lower than store prices.
A.
are bought
B. bought
C.
have been bought
D. buying B 非谓语 不定式（to do) 过去分词(-ed) - ing 分词 -ed 分词 2 非谓语动词有哪些？ 非谓语动词的时态和语态
(以动词make为例) 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态
-ing 一般式
完成式
-ed 一般式
to do 一般式 完成式 进行式
making
being made
having made having been made
/
made
to make to be made to have made to have been made to be making
/ 3 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？
非谓语表示的动作
非谓语动词的形式 在谓语表示的动作之后 与谓语表示的动作同时发生 在谓语表示的动作之前 to do/to be done
to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ;
done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作 之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 动词-ing：主，谓,
宾，定,
状,
表，补 动词-ed： 主，谓,
宾，定,
状,
表，补 不定式：
主，谓,
宾，定,
状,
表，补 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 4、 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？
二、几个重要区别 1、不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 2、 不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？ 3、 不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义有何不同？ 4、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语， 主要区别是什么？ 5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。 作什么样的状语取决于什么因素？ 6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别是什么？ 7、动名词的复合结构是什么？
1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
(抽象) (具体)
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式
上的一致。
1、不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1). It’s necessary to be prepared for a job
interview. ________the answers ready
will be of great help.
A. To have
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
2). In fact _____ is a hard job for the police
to keep order in an important match.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
D D 下列句型中常用动名词作主语: It is/was
no use/good not any use/good of little use/good useless +doing sth. 2、不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？
2）. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语 3）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别 4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别
1）. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语
1）. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：
…… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。
2）. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：
……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in...
1) I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same
office. She just refuses _____ talking while
she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,
for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost C B
3）.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。
I like __________ very much, but I don't
like _________ this afternoon.
A. swimming, swimming
B. to swim, to swim
C. swimming, to swim
D. to swim, swimming
C
Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking 如果like, love, prefer前有would/
should,
后面则应该接动词不定式。
A A would like 还有哪些用法？ 4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 讨论：有哪些单词或短语？
go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing
can’t help to do / doing
be used to do / doing
( get used to doing)
(used to do)
Children should be allowed ______ their own decisions.
A. making
B. to make
C. make
D. having made B My advisor encouraged _____ a summer
course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
D 3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义不同。
① I heard her ______( sing) an English song just now.
② I heard her ________ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
③ I heard the English song ______( sing) many times.
(4) I heard the English song ____________( sing) when I passed by her room yesterday.
sing singing sung being sung
4、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。
不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 “动宾关
系”, 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受
者; 如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式
动词后加上相应的介词
The beautiful scenery,_____ with delicious
food and lovely weather, made our visit
to
Hawaii pleasant and unforgettable.
to combine
B. combined
C. combining
D. having combined
The film _______ （导演）by Chaplin was
very
interesting . B directed 还记得这两个题吗？ 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表 示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如： ①The question __________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance. ②The question _____________ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance. ③The question ______________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance. discussed being discussed to be discussed
5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。
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