高考英语语法专项训练：第5讲-动词及动词短语

　　二、多义词易错点 The book is helpful as it

　　many of the problems we have come across in our study. A. covers

　　B. refers C. reports

　　D. improves 【解题探究】

　　A。一看到cover考生马上会想到“覆盖” 的意思，可是要注意它还有“包括；涉及；报道”等意思；

　　三、同一动词构成的短语易错点 Mrs. Black told her children to

　　for bones when they were eating fish. A. look on

　　B. look into C. look up

　　D. look out 【解题探究】

　　D。look into意为“往……里面看；调查”；look up意为“抬头看；查阅”；look on意为“呈现”；look out for意为“小心……,当心……”。句意为：布朗太太告诉她的孩子们在吃鱼时要小心鱼刺。故正确答案为D。 Thank you

　　动词＋副词＋介词

　　短语 例句 add up to总计为 The income adds up to 1,000 dollars. break away from改掉，与……脱离关系 He has broken away from the bad habit. catch up with赶上 I can catch up with them. get down to开始认真做 Let’s get down to business. get on(along)with进展，相处 He got on well with people here. go in for参加，爱好 He has gone in for the long­jump. go ahead with进行，继续下去 He went ahead with the work and got it done. keep away from与……脱离关系，改掉 You should keep away from those bad children. keep up with跟上 She can’t keep up with others. live up to不辜负 We shall live up to his teachings. look out for提防，照看 Look out for cars when crossing the street. look back upon回顾 He likes to look back upon his school days. look down upon轻视，不重视 Don’t look down upon him. look forward to盼望 He looks forward to seeing her. put up with忍受，容忍 I just can’t put up with that kind of man. run out of用完 I have run out of ink. watch out for当心，提防 Watch out for thieves in the street. 动词＋介词＋名词

　　短语 例句 come into use开始使用，实施 The new tool came into use two years ago. come into power当权，执政 The king came into power last year. come into effect开始生效 The new rule will come into effect soon. come into being产生，建立 The custom came into being long long ago. put sth.to use使用，利用 You should put the dictionary to a good use.

　　动词是历年高考试题中动词所占比例最大，设题时往往给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择和完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面

　　1.常用动词的用法；

　　2.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法： (break, bring, call, come, cut, give, go, get, hold, look, make, put, set, take, turn, keep等)

　　动词词组及常见固定搭配 5.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法 1.break break away

　　摆脱；逃跑 break down

　　（机器）出故障；中断；分解 break into

　　闯入；打断；突然中断 break off

　　中断；折断；突然停止 break out

　　突然发生；爆发 break through

　　突破；克服；挣脱而出 break up

　　打碎；中断；分解 break in

　　破门而入；打断（谈话）；插嘴

　　2.bring bring about

　　引起；造成 bring down

　　使倒下；使下降；使受挫折 bring forward

　　提出；提前(=put forward) bring out

　　显示出来；出版；生产 bring up

　　提出；教育；培养；吐出 bring back

　　把…送回；使想起；恢复 bring in

　　引进，赚得 3. call

　　call for

　　需要；要求；邀请 call off

　　取消；停止 call on

　　拜访(某人)；看望；号召 call up

　　打电话；使人想起；召集 call at

　　访问(某地) call in

　　请来；召集 call back

　　回电话；召回

　　4.come come across

　　偶遇；碰到；讲清楚 come along

　　进展；成功；一道走 come into effect

　　生效

　　come on

　　快点；走吧；有进展 come out

　　出来；结果是出版 come through

　　经历；获得成功 come to

　　苏醒；达到；总数为 come up against

　　碰到（困难） come up with

　　赶上；提出 come back

　　回来；反驳 come true

　　变为现实 come about

　　发生 5. cut cut across

　　绕道穿过；超越；遮住 cut back

　　削减；终止；急忙返回 cut down

　　削减；减少 cut in

　　插嘴；打断；突然出来 cut off

　　切断；中断；隔绝 cut out

　　删掉；戒掉 cut short

　　中断；打断；缩短 6. give give away

　　赠送；颁发；泄露；告发；失去 give out

　　分发；公布；公开；用完耗尽(vi) give off

　　发出；放出 give up

　　放弃 give in

　　屈服；投降；让步；上交；呈交 7. go go down

　　下降；下沉；下跌 go for

　　去；选择；想要；

　　go in for

　　从事；爱好；参加（选拔赛、考试等） go into

　　研究；调查，从事 go off

　　离开；爆炸；断电；熄灭； go on

　　继续进行；发生； go out

　　离开；熄灭；过时 go over

　　浏览；仔细查看；检查；审查 go through

　　通过；经历（苦难）；仔细检查 go up

　　上升；增长；涨价 go along

　　进展；陪同前往 go by

　　时间过去；经过；遵守 8. get get through

　　浏览；翻阅；经历困难(痛苦)；做完 get in

　　收割；收获；收集；购买；买进； get over

　　克服；战胜；熬过；做完；结束； get on

　　继续；进行；上车 get round

　　传播；散播；说服某人；回避；避开 get about

　　四处走动；传开 get across

　　传达；使…让人理解 get along/on (with)

　　进展；相处 get down

　　记下；下来；下车；使…人忧愁 get down to

　　开始认真干

　　get back

　　恢复；回来；收回 9. hold hold back

　　阻碍；阻止；控制；抑制；隐瞒；保留；犹豫不决 hold up

　　举起；抬起；拿起；支撑；耽搁；使停顿；举出，提出 hold out

　　维持；坚持；伸出；拿出 hold off

　　拖延；延迟 hold on 10. look look after

　　照顾；关心 look out

　　看；当心； look back

　　回头看；回顾 look down on/upon

　　轻视；看不起 look for

　　寻找；寻求； look forward to

　　盼望；期待 look in

　　顺便看望；顺便拜访 look into

　　调查，深入了解 look on

　　观看； 旁观 look over

　　翻阅；浏览 look through

　　浏览；详细调查 look up

　　查阅；查出 11. make make for

　　向…前进，快速走向 make out

　　理解，领悟；辨认出，写出 make up

　　组成，占…比例；弥补，补偿；捏造 make up for

　　弥补，补偿 make up of

　　由…组成；包含有(常用被动) make it

　　12. put put aside

　　放在一边；储存；保留 put away

　　放好；收好 put down

　　写下；记下；镇压 put forward

　　提出；推荐；把…提前 put in

　　伸进；提出；提交；申请，请求 put in for

　　申请；正式要求 put off

　　延期；推迟；关掉；阻止，妨碍 put on

　　穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重) put out

　　熄灭；关灯；生产出，出版 put up

　　举起；修建；提供 put up with

　　忍受；容忍 put through

　　(把电话)接通；做完；使经受…的考验 13. set set about

　　开始做，着手(doing) set apart

　　使分离；使显得突出 set aside

　　留出；拨出 set back

　　推迟，阻碍；使花费 set down

　　记下，写下 set off

　　动身出发；引起；使爆炸 set out

　　动身出发；引起；着手做(to do) set up

　　建立；创立；引起 14. take

　　take after

　　与…相似 take apart

　　拆卸（机器） take away

　　拿走；时离开；消除（病痛等）

　　take down

　　记下来；拆掉 take for

　　（错）当作；（误）认为 take in

　　吸收；摄取；领会；欺骗 take off

　　起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；成功 take one’s time

　　不要着急，慢慢地做 take over

　　接收，接管，取代 take up

　　占据，占（时间、空间）从事

　　15. turn turn down

　　关小，调低，拒绝 turn off

　　关上/掉； turn out

　　结果是；原来是；证明是 turn over

　　（使）翻转/身；移交；周转；仔

　　细考虑 turn to

　　求助于；（使）转向；（把注意力等）转向；翻书到 turn up

　　开大；被发现，被找到；到达；露面 16. keep keep away (from)

　　使远离 keep back

　　扣除，保留；隐瞒 keep off

　　避开；不接近 keep on

　　继续 keep out

　　挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up

　　保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with

　　跟上 一、近义动词易错点 I will ask for leave to call on you tomorrow if you can

　　me the time.

　　A. share

　　B. save

　　C. spend

　　D. spare

　　【解题探究】

　　D。share分享；save节省；spend花费；spare匀出，抽出。句意为：如果你能够抽出时间的话，明天我请假去拜访你。故正确答案为D。 动词及动词短语失分点透析 动词同义词辨析题解题技巧

　　从四个方面考虑： ①词义； ②搭配(与介词或名词搭配)； ③用法； ④词性(及物动词还是不及物动词)

　　常见近义动词辨析 1. win, defeat, beat和gain； 2. fit, suit和match； 3. cost, spend, take和pay； 4. hurt, wound, injure和harm； 。。。。。。 【例1】 God is believed, in terms of religion, to have ________ the

　　universe out of darkness and chaos.

　　A.created

　　B.invented

　　C.discovered

　　D.produced

　　[解题关键] 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。

　　根据题意“根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创造。

　　造出了宇宙。”可知答案为A。

　　A 【例2】 He has been ________ of murdering his wife.

　　A.charged

　　B.blamed

　　C.accused

　　D.arrested

　　[解题关键] 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。charge“控告，指控”，常与介词with搭配：charge sb. with

　　sth；blame sb. for sth.“因某事而责备某人”。；accuse sb. of sth；arrest sb. for sth.“因某事而逮捕某

　　人”。答案为C， c 热点二： 几组常错常考动词 hang hanged hanged (绞死) hang hung hung (悬挂)

　　lay laid laid (放置) lie lied lied (说慌) lie lay lain (平卧)

　　find found found (发现)

　　found founded founded (建立)

　　fall fell fallen(跌倒)

　　fail failed failed（失败）

　　实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词： enter(误为enter into)

　　marry(误为marry with) reach(误为reach to)

　　mention(误为mention about) serve(误为serve for)

　　approach(误为approach with)

　　fit(误为fit for)

　　benefit (误为benefit to) 主动形式表示被动含义型

　　此类常见的动词或短语有： read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。

　　动词及动词短语 分析考点

　　动词、形容词以及它们的短语是高考中的热点，其中以动词和动词短语为最多。这些虽属语法范畴，但又似乎没有多少规律可循。关键是平时应该多多积累，灵活运用，把短语放到句子当中去理解它们的意思，注意比较记忆，联系记忆，归纳记忆的各种方法，解题的时候要重视对语境的理解。只有扎扎实实的学，才能做到各个击破。 1．(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Mary，I ________John of his promise to help you. A．told　B．reminded C．warned

　　D．advised 解析：考查动词短语搭配。remind sb.of

　　warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事； advise sb.of sth.“通知/(正式)告知某人某事” 答案：B 2．(2011年高考山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic. A．put off

　　B．speed up C．turn on

　　D．work out 解析：put off推迟，推延；speed up加快速度；turn on打开，接通；取决于；work out算出；弄懂；speed up“加快速度”。 答案：B 3．(2011年高考天津卷)I ________a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part­time job during the summer vacation. A．borrowed

　　B．opened C．entered

　　D．ordered 解析：句意：我在暑假做兼职工作挣了1 000美元之后在银行开了个账户。答案：B 动词基本分类 动词高考高频动词用法 动词及动词短语高考考点 动词词组及固定搭配 动词及动词短语失分点透析 今日菜单 动词的分类 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类： 1.行为动词（实义动词）

　　①及物动词

　　（带宾语）：study, develop

　　②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come

　　③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong

　　④动作动词

　　延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come） 动词基本分类 2.系动词

　　①表示人或事物的特征和状态：

　　be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound

　　②表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow

　　③表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay 3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：

　　be (am, is, are), do (does, did); have (has); will, would, shall, should 4.情态动词：can (could), may (might), must, shall (should)

　　1.可接双宾语的常用动词

　　（1）双宾语易位时需要借助介词to的常用动词

　　award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借)，mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)， post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell（卖），show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写)

　　He brought me a good magazine.

　　=He brought a good magazine to me.

　　他给我带了一本好杂志。 动词高考高频动词用法

　　（2）双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词

　　book(预订),buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，draw（画），fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做)，order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)， spare(留出)

　　My father bought me a new bicycle.

　　=My father bought a new bicycle for me.

　　爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。

　　2. 可用于“动词+ sb. + of sth.”的常用动词

　　accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn（警告）

　　This photo reminds me of my school days.

　　这张照片让我想起了在学校的时光。 1、系动词的比较； 2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性； 3、意思相同或相近的动词比较； 4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较； 5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。 动词及动词短语高考考点 1、系动词的用法比较 考题点击： 1) Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ______ twenty-one already!

　　（04天津）

　　A become B turned C grown D passed

　　B become 强调变化过后的持续性；turn 表示从某种状态向其对应状态转化的自然现象，其后接名词不用冠词； go 往往表示情况变坏或恶化； fall 表示一下子进入一种状态

　　fall asleep / ill / silent；come 表示向好的方面转化； get 强调造成事件的施动者发挥的作用或变化的结果；

　　2、及物动词和不及物动词 考题点击

　　Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will

　　fresh for several days. （03全国卷）

　　A．be stayed

　　B．stay C．be staying

　　D．have stayed

　　B 该句中的 stay 是系动词。表示状态的系动词，一般不用进行时。英语中有许多动词都有多重词性，如：sell，用作“销售”用时是及物动词，用作“销路”用时为不及物动词；feel，用作“摸索”解时为及物动词，用作“摸上去怎么样”解时为系动词。所以复习中需要注意动词的词性变化。 3、意思相同或相近的动词的比较 考题点击

　　1. --- Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?'

　　--- Oh, really! I haven’t ____ my mailbox yet. （05天津）

　　A. examined

　　B. reviewed

　　C. tested

　　D. checked D 2. In our childhood, we were often _____ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (05江苏卷)

　　A. demanded

　　B. reminded

　　C. allowed

　　D. hoped

　　B 有时还需考虑到固定搭配，如： He is such a man who is always ______ fault with other people. （05安徽卷） putting

　　B. seeking

　　C. finding

　　D. looking for

　　C 该题中 “find fault with sb.” 为固定短语，意为“抱怨别人、挑剔”。在做动词题时，需要读懂句子的意思，分析句子结构，善于发现习惯用语和固定短语。 4. 动词短语的用法比较　 考题点击　 1、The Internet has brought _____ big changes in the way we work.

　　（05北京春季） 　A. about

　　B. out

　　C. back

　　D. up

　　考点是同一动词与不同的介词和副词的搭配 A 5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较　 考题点击： 1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _________ his notes. （05浙江卷）

　　A．bringing up

　　B．referring to

　　C．looking for

　　D．trying on 只需要正确理解句意就不难发现答案。 B 2、What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ______? （05山东卷）

　　A. given out

　　B. put out

　　C. held up

　　D. used up A 第二题的干扰项是D，但 use up 需用被动。 give out 表示“… 用尽了”，相当于 run out。 动词词组及固定搭配 试试身手！ 请圈出正确的表达，以使句子完整 1. As the popular saying says / tells / goes, “Laugh and the whole world laugh with you. Cry and you cry alone.” 2. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even looking away/looking up/looking at from her book. 3. Why don’t you just care/mind/consider your own business and leave me alone? 4. he computer system broke out/broke up/broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. 动词词组构成分类

　　动词＋介词/副词

　　短语 例句 ask for请求 The boy asked for more food. care for喜欢；照料 He doesn’t care for playing football. come across偶然碰到 I came across an old friend in the street. call up打电话 I shall call her up soon. call for叫(人) He will call for you in the evening. call on号召 The Party called on us to study hard. give up放弃 Never give up hope. get over克服，渡过 You’ll soon get over your shyness. get on进展 He is getting on well with the work. get in收进 The peasants got in the wheat in May. go through通过；细察 She went through the book before buying it. go over复习，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times. go without放弃，没有也行 He had to go without food. head for 朝……去 The ship is heading for the nearest port. look up查寻；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictionary. look through翻阅；浏览 The boy looked through the picture book. put up挂起 She put up a picture on the wall. put off推迟 The match is put off owing to the rain. run over辗过去 The bus ran over his legs. result from由……引起 His illness results from overeating. result in导致 Overeating results in his illness. set about着手干 They set about the work at once. set out出发 They set out at dawn. see to保证 See to it that the work is done well. send for派人请 We have sent for the doctor. stand for代表 What does “U.S.” stand for？ turn to翻到，转向 Please turn to page 10. take off脱去 She asked him to take off the coat. turn out结果是 The day turned out fine. turn up出现 He didn’t turn up until eleven o’clock. 过去分词＋介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用)

　　短语 例句 be absorbed in全神贯注于 He is absorbed in reading. be dressed in穿着 She is dressed in red. be engaged to与……订婚 Mary is engaged to John. be joined to连接，结合 One pipe is joined to another. be made up of由……构成 A car is made up of many different parts. be prepared for准备好 They are prepared for the journey. be tired of(with)对……厌烦 He is tired of this kind of life.