高三英语词法精练：情态动词和虚拟语气（二）

　　My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _____ have taken it?

　　A. should

　　B. must

　　C. could D. would

　　— Mary’s got mad and has been sent to the mental hospital. Did you tell her boss about that?

　　— Yes, but I _____ her husband first.

　　A. should have told

　　B. shouldn’t have told

　　C. must have told

　　D. needn’t have told

　　— Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

　　— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

　　A. must

　　B. would

　　C. should

　　D. might

　　Keep up good state of mind even if you _____ fail plenty of times.

　　A. must

　　B. will

　　C. can

　　D. should

　　When Marx was in London, he _____ read at the library for hours.

　　A. would

　　B. might

　　C. could

　　D. should

　　It is said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There _____ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.

　　A. wouldn’t

　　B. mustn’t

　　C. shouldn’t

　　D. needn’t

　　— Are you still going to Shanghai for the Spring Festival?

　　— Yes, but I really _____ because I have a lot of things to deal with.

　　A. can’t

　　B. mustn’t

　　C. won’t

　　D. shouldn’t

　　It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

　　A. wouldn’t have fallen

　　B. had not fallen

　　C. should fall

　　D. were to fall

　　John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour ?

　　A. Must

　　B. Can

　　C. May

　　D. Need

　　— The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.

　　— Oh, dear! She ______ a lot of difficulties!

　　A. may go through

　　B. might go through

　　C. ought to have gone through

　　D. must have gone through

　　As it tuned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.

　　A. needn’t dress up

　　B. couldn’t have dressed up

　　C. didn’t need dress up

　　D. needn’t have dressed up

　　She’s already an hour late, What _____to her?

　　A can have happened

　　B may happen

　　C should have happened

　　D may have happened

　　I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down. They ______ for me impatiently.

　　A. may wait

　　B. ought to wait

　　C. could wait

　　D. must be waiting

　　Better go to see my sick colleague right now, ________I?

　　A. hadn’t

　　B. didn’t

　　C. don’t

　　D. won’t

　　Professor Smith, many students want to see you. __________ they wait here or outside?

　　A. Do

　　B. Shall

　　C. Will

　　D. Would

　　It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he __________ doing his lessons.

　　A. might have spent

　　B. ought to have spent

　　C. must have spent

　　D. could have spent

　　—Hurry up, Michael! It’s ten to three.

　　—Goodness me! The class_______. I’ll be late again.

　　A. must begin

　　B. may begin

　　C. should have begun

　　D. must have begun

　　The thief ________ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed.

　　A. may climb

　　B. must have climbed

　　C. could have climbed

　　D. should have climbed

　　On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _______ get up early and go fishing.

　　A. could

　　B. would

　　C. might

　　D. should

　　He used to teach in that university and I _________ ride past it on my way to work.

　　A. would

　　B. could

　　C. should

　　D. might

　　It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _________ you when you called.

　　A. can’t have seen

　　B. should not have seen

　　C. must not have seen

　　D. need not have seen

　　—They haven’t finished the work up to now.

　　—Well, they________.

　　A. should

　　B. should have

　　C. would

　　D. must have

　　—Who is the girl standing over there?

　　— Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mabel.

　　A. may

　　B. can

　　C. must

　　D. shall

　　— Turn off the TV, Jack. ____ your homework now?

　　— Mum, just ten more minutes, please.

　　A. Should you be doing

　　B. Shouldn’t you be doing

　　C. Couldn’t you be doing

　　D. Will you be doing

　　_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

　　Would you be

　　B. Should you be

　　C. Could you be

　　D. Might you be

　　—How is that, Joan?

　　—Yeah, it’s from the boss. She _________ first, whether she likes it.

　　A. shall go

　　B. ought to have gone

　　C. should go

　　D. must have gone

　　My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture.

　　A. couldn’t have attended

　　B. needn’t have attended

　　C. mustn’t have attended

　　D. shouldn’t have attended

　　He hurt his leg climbing the mountain; otherwise, he _____ the meeting.

　　A. will attend

　　B. had attended

　　C. would have attended

　　D. would attend

　　Sir, you ______ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

　　A. oughtn’t to

　　B. can’t

　　C. won’t

　　D. needn’t

　　I _____ have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

　　A. ought to

　　B. must

　　C. couldn’t

　　D. needn’t

　　You _____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

　　A. cannot

　　B. should

　　C. must

　　D. needn’t

　　As is natural, a man as old as he ______ be very forgetful.

　　A. can

　　B. must

　　C. should

　　D. would

　　—The poor people lived near the highway.

　　—_____ very noisy.

　　A. It must have been

　　B. They must be

　　C. That might be

　　D. There must be

　　He _____ his parents that he has failed in the exam.

　　A. dares not tell

　　B. dares not telling

　　C. dare not tell

　　D. dares not to tell

　　Messages ______ be changed from sound into electricity before they ______ be sent by radio.

　　A. must; will

　　B. have to; can

　　C. can; must

　　D. need; may

　　The whole building _____ burned down, but the heavy rain _____.

　　A. might have; would help

　　B. could have been; helped

　　C. must have; helped

　　D. should have been; was helping

　　—Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.

　　—Yes, but I think the weather office’s computers _____ be more accurate.

　　A. can

　　B. must

　　C. ought to

　　D. might

　　—Well, I forgot to bring my dictionary here yesterday.

　　—Actually you _____ it here. You were not allowed to use it.

　　A. needn’t bring

　　B. needn’t have brought

　　C. didn’t need to bring

　　D. don’t have to bring

　　You can’t imagine that a well –behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.

　　A. might

　　B. need

　　C. should

　　D. would

　　It has been announced that candidates ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

　　A. can

　　B. will

　　C. may

　　D. shall

　　How I wish every family ______ a large house with a beautiful garden!

　　A. has

　　B. had

　　C. will have

　　D. had had

　　—Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

　　—Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.

　　A. must B. should C. must have D. should have

　　A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

　　A. should

　　B. can

　　C. must

　　D. will

　　—_____ he start at once or wait for a while?

　　—Let him start at once.

　　A. Will

　　B. Would

　　C. Does

　　D. Shall

　　He _____ if he works hard for the people.

　　A. shall praise

　　B. shall be praised

　　C. will praise

　　D. will be praised

　　I lived with my sister this summer and didn’t have to pay rent. So I _____ save most of my salary.

　　A. could

　　B. would

　　C. was able to

　　D. should

　　—We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.

　　—You _____ the wrong way. You _____ left.

　　A. went; should have turned

　　B. have gone; must turn

　　C. went; would have turned

　　D. had gone; must have turned

　　I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word.

　　A. mustn’t 高考学习网leave

　　B. shouldn’t have left

　　C. couldn’t have left

　　D. needn’t leave

　　— I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter.

　　— It _____ true because there was little snow there.

　　A. may not be

　　B. won’t be

　　C. couldn’t

　　D. mustn’t be

　　—What does the sign over there read?

　　―“No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”

　　A．will

　　B．may

　　C．shall

　　D. must

　　—Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ____ I go out and play with Tom for a while?

　　—No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.

　　A. Can’t

　　B. Wouldn’t

　　C. May not

　　D. Won’t

　　The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.

　　A should be

　　B would be

　　C have been

　　D had been

　　There used to be a small school,___________?

　　A. was there

　　B. wasn’t it

　　C. usedn’t there

　　D. usedn’t it

　　To be on the safe side, we should fill up the tank now, because we ______ run out of gas on the way.

　　A. can

　　B. would

　　C. might

　　D. should

　　参考答案与解析

　　C

　　考查情态动词表示推测。根据问句可以看出语气不肯定，所以B排除。should have taken表示“本该拿（实际未拿）”，would have taken“本来会（但没有），均不合题意，可排除。情态动词could在交际用语中常表示语气的委婉，而不表示过去时，如：— Could you tell me the way to the supermarket? — Sure.（注意不能用Yes, I could.或No, I couldn’t.来回答）

　　A

　　考查should与动词不定式的完成时连用的含义。should have done表示本来应该做而实际上没做，shouldn’t have done表示本来不该做但实际上做了。从本题have told her boss可知没有先告诉她先生，但应该告诉的，因此选A。

　　D

　　根据I’m not sure判断，表示说话者不确定，有可能去音乐会。might 表示“可能”；must表示“必须，一定”；would表示“将，愿意”；should表示“应该”。

　　D

　　考查should的又一用法，should用在if或even if引导的表示条件的从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的意思，从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句不一定用虚拟语气，如：

　　Please ring me up if you should change your mind. 万一你改变主意，请让给我打个电话。

　　Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow, I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。

　　A

　　would表示过去的习惯性动作, would 后跟行为动词，不跟表示状态的动词，往往有时间状语，而used to表示过去的习惯动作时后跟的动词无限制，无需有时间状语，如：

　　I used to like chocolate.

　　(√)

　　When I was a child, I would like chocolate.

　　(×)

　　I used to be a university student.

　　(√)

　　I would be a university student.

　　(×)

　　C

　　根据上文的情况介绍，下文应该表示“照道理应该不会有困难”，用shouldn’t最合适。

　　D

　　should在此表示“照道理”，本句意思是“但我真的不该去，因为我有许多事要处理”。

　　B

　　根据句意和?I would be doing 可以判断这是虚拟语气。at

　　the age of seven?是表示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。这句话的意思是：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想像我今天会做什么。由于主句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句的谓语表示对过去情况我虚拟，增加了试题的难度，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall和 were to fall都可以用于条件句中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn’t have fallen不能用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。

　　B

　　此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法。should have done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，因此淘汰A项。would不用来表推测，因此淘汰C项。B基与D项虽然都可以表示推测，但B项表肯定意义而D项表示否定推测，意为“不可能”，根据句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作；不然，他就不会在海边玩得那么愉快了。可知此处需要肯定意义，因此淘汰D项。

　　A

　　考查情态动词用法。本题先考虑本句可能出现的语境，设想一下某人去电影院看电影，本可以免费进入，却买了票。 could表示“可以”。

　　B

　　may／might+have done一般只用于肯定句或否定句，不用于疑问句，表示对过去情况不肯定的推测，意为"也许已经……"。

　　D

　　含蓄条件句.有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过介词短语without来替代条件句If there were no electricity.

　　D

　　由even though可知该题意为：她很勇敢，尽管她腿受了伤，她仍然设法独自回家了。而be able to= manage to，有克服困难设法成功之意。

　　A

　　此题考查情态动词ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必须”之意。此句意为：“先生，您不能在这捕鹿，它们是国家保护动物”。can’t虽有“不能、不准”之意，但它不表示“法律上的不准，道义上的不能”之意，所以排除B。oughtn’t to相当于shouldn’t，但前者语气更为强烈。won’t表示“不愿、不能”，故排除。needn’t表“不必”，不符合题意。因此排除D。

　　B

　　第一句表示要“拜访Mr Richardson”；第二个人因此说我给他发个电子邮件“so (that) he may know”以便于他可以知道“什么时候接我们(期待我们到达)”故选B。

　　C

　　根据此对话的语境，此空应是“你不可能知道，你当时正在国外读书呢”。you couldn’t have是you couldn’t have known we were friends的简略形式。该句式表示对过去有把握的否定推测。A项表示“也许知道”；B项表示 “没必要知道”；D项表示“一定知道”。均不合题意。

　　A

　　would在这里的意思是“过去经常做某事”，符合语境，而B、C、D均无法使此句合理

　　D

　　问句中使用了过去时态，说明动作发生在“过去”；A、C项表示“现在”或者“将来”，排除。must不能和完成时一起用于疑问句，排除。这里should have done表示应该做某事而没有做，带有批评的口气。

　　B

　　do这一助动词既指代了上文的“keep quiet in class”，又表强调，由于此题设置的是通常状态下，故选do，如果用来指过去的动作，则用did。

　　A

　　have to表示由于客观原因“不得不”，不能分开；ought to等于should，表示“应该”，do在此句中不能用，不能代替have to。

　　A

　　对话中第一句是对过去一件事情的陈述，因此下一句中对过去某种情况的推测应该用must have done句型，故选A。

　　B

　　四个选项在句中都不错，只根据说话人语气，“已经买了三篮水果”因为不必再买了，说明她认为已经够了，是一种比较肯定的语气，而不是猜测语气。

　　D

　　shall 用于陈述句第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意思是“必须、应该、可以”。句意：据宣布，考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。

　　B

　　Jack在看电视，母亲希望他做作业，shouldn’t带责备之意。

　　B

　　条件句含were﹑had﹑should时，可将它们提前至句首，并同时省去If。A

　　should用于情态动词时可以表示“应该会……，一定……吧”。外国人善于做饺子，他们做饺子的情形一定会很有趣。may只是用于不太确定的推测，不足以表达文中的含义can通常情况下用于疑问句和否定句的推测；will表示将来的情况，而外国人做饺子有趣是一般情况下都会发生的事情。

　　C

　　根据句意：研究结果表明我们每天都会有2小时在做梦，不管我们白天做了什么。空格处应是表示对白天所做的事情的不肯定的推测。故选C。

　　C

　　考查虚拟语气。从otherwise“否则；要不然”可知事实上他没有参加会议，因此要用情态动词加完成时来表示对过去动作的虚拟，与过去的实际情况相反。

　　A

　　根据句子意思，这是“妇女儿童的候车室，因此您（先生）不该坐在这里”，用oughtn’t to。ought to可以表示“应该”，此时语气比should强烈，含有“照道理应该”，常反映客观情况或法律、义务和规定，而should一般表示主观看法，在疑问句中通常用should来代替ought to。

　　D

　　needn’t have done“本来不必做”，隐含实际上已经做了，从下文 “此后不久他就给我打了电话”可知用needn’t have written to him。

　　A

　　情态动词can的惯用法。can’t be too…表示“再…也不过分”。

　　A

　　can通常用来表示“理论上的可能性”，并不涉及到是否真的会发生，本句中即是此意，“从自然规律上来讲，象他这样的老人会很健忘”。

　　A

　　根据句子的时态应该是过去时，因此排除B、D，再根据代词的用法，it可以用来指代环境，而that不行，因此选A。

　　C

　　既可以作行为动词又可作情态动词的词除了need以外还有dare.

　　①dare：作情态动词用，一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。有时态变化，但没有人称变化。如：

　　He dared not go out alone at night. 他夜晚不敢独自出去。

　　I daren’t ask you, because I thought I was wrong. 我没敢告诉你，担心自己错了。

　　②dare：作行为动词用，在肯定句中常后接带to 的不定式；否定、疑问句中要用do, does, did等助动词，在否定和疑问句中可接带to或不带to的不定式。有人称和时态变化。如：

　　I didn’t dare (to) come. 他不敢来。

　　Does he dare (to) swim across the river? 他敢游过河吗？

　　本题中dare是情态动词的用法。

　　B

　　本句意思是“信息得从声音转化成电子信号才能被送出去”。must和have to都可以翻译成“必须”，往往可以互用，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要，如：The film is not interesting. I really must go now.

　　I had to work when I was your age.

　　本题很明显是强调客观需要。

　　B

　　本题前半部分是虚拟，“本来会烧毁的”，后半部分是陈述语气，表示实际情况，而且是过去发生的事情，用could +现在完成时和过去时。

　　C

　　由but这一转折词可以看出下文是提出意见，确定这一含义后就可断定只能选ought to，表示“应该”。

　　C

　　正确理解场景中的句子含义很重要。上文很遗憾地说没带字典，下文说不必带，因为不被允许用字典，时态是过去，因此A、D排除，B尽管是need+完成时表示过去，但含义不对，needn’t have brought意思是“本不必带来”，隐含的意思是实际上带来的，与题目中交代的情况不符，只有C从时态和含义上都正确。

　　C

　　情态动词should这里表示“惊讶，出乎意料。”这句话的意思是“你难以想像一位彬彬有礼的绅士竟然会对一位女士那么粗鲁”。

　　D

　　shall用于陈述句的第二. 第三人称时，表示说话人的意图. 允诺. 警告. 命令. 决心等，意思是“必须，应，可。”这句话的意思是：据宣布，考生在收卷前必须坐在自己的座位上。

　　B

　　wish后接宾语从句，表示现在时，宾语从句的谓语要用一般过去时。这句话的意思是：我多么希望每个家庭都住上带有漂亮花园的大房子。

　　C

　　既然已经通过考试，自然是以前阅读广泛﹑用心学习了，故在C﹑D中进一步选择，D项表示本应当，因不附题意而被舍去。B

　　本题考查情态动词的用法。should 应该；can能够，会；must必须；will愿意。题意为“行李寄存处是能够暂时存放行李的地方，尤其是在火车站。”此处用can 表示可以、能够。

　　D

　　shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。如：

　　Shall we begin our lesson?

　　When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

　　B

　　本句意思是“他会受到表扬”。说话人希望他受到表扬，而will表示的是句子的主语的意愿，那样意思就是“他愿意受到表扬”，显然不对。shall用于第三人称可表示说话人对某人所持有的主观立场和坚定的信念，如：

　　The terrorists shall suffer for this.

　　C

　　本题考查can和be able to的差别。

　　① can和be able to都可以表示有能力作某事，但be able to的主语必须是人或动物，而can 没有这个限制，如：

　　He can swim. = He is able to swim.

　　The radio can be fixed in 30 minutes.（句中的can不能用be able to）

　　② 根据be动词的变化而有各种时态的变化，而can只有过去时。

　　③ be able to表示克服困难或通过努力做成某事，其过去时可表示“设法做成”，相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing，而can表示本身具有能力做某事。如：

　　With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house.

　　本题是指通过节省房钱来攒钱，当然用be able to更合适，再如：

　　Although his leg was hurt, he was able to swim to the bank.

　　A

　　首先来确定时态是在描述过去，故先排除B，再根据含义来选正确的情态动词，既然说对方走错了路，那么下面肯定是告诉对方“本该”，用should have done结构。

　　B

　　从题意分析，对方没有打招呼就去了，造成的结果是I was really anxious,故B表示过去不应不打招呼就走。

　　C

　　根据所提供的情境there was little snow说明对方所说的去山里滑雪这件事不可能是真的。couldn’t be true表示过去不可能。选项A用来表示现在可能不是真的。

　　C

　　题干第一句问“标语上写着什么？”关键词为sign，标语意味要求和规定，所以选shall。will将﹑会﹑决心，may可以﹑会，must必须﹑一定，均无规定之意。

　　A

　　请求允许原本用may﹑can，用can’t替代语气更强烈。

　　C

　　Would rather +sb句式中常用动词的过去式表达"宁愿……"

　　B

　　can作为情态动词，它有一特殊用法，即：表示“有时会”= is sometimes等一般情况。句意为：我们家住山顶，所以有时夏天风会很大。

　　A

　　本句意为“你能把那本我给你打电话时你提到的那本书借给我吗?”，用过去进行时表示对过去情节，场面的描述。