2017届高考英语考前冲刺专题精选非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词现在分词和过去分词三种结构。顾名思义，这三种结构在句中不能充当__________________成分。因而，不定式(to do …)、现在分词(doing…)和过去分词(done…)能在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语这六种成分。
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
不定式(to do …) 具体的动作；未完的事；目的
it作形式主语的句型 vt. + to do…
but / except + to do… 具体的动作；将来的动作 后置定语
◆ to do… / to be done…
n. + to Vi. + Prep.
the first / second… to do …
the only … to do…
the best … to do… 表目的
表结果
表原因
作评注性状语 Vt. + O + to do sth.
Vt. + O + do sth.
wh-word + to do …
现在分词(doing…) 抽象概念；已知的事；经验
it作形式主语的句型 vt. + doing
Prep. + doing 抽象概念；一般性的动作
(多指物)令人……的 单个分词前置，
分词短语后 置 表主动/进行
2. 完成式的现在分词短语不作定语 作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步等状语 表与句子主语之间的主动关系
固定的现在分词短语 一般常在两类动词后作宾语补足语：感官动词和使役动词 Vt. + O + doing…
过去分词(done…) × × (多指人)感到……的
表被动/完成
部分分词已当形容词使用,例:
an experienced man,
a learned man,
a contented man
表与句子主语之间的被动关系
固定的过去分词
Vt. + O + done …
一般式 一般被动式 进行式 完成式 完成被动式 完成进行式 否定式 带逻辑主语的结构
不定式(to do …) to do… to be done… to be doing… to have done… to have been done… to have been doing… not to do… For / of sb. to do…
现在分词(doing…) doing… being done… × having done… having been done… × not doing… Sb.’s / my / his… + doing…
过去分词(done…) done Not done ×
句子成分
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
不定式(to do …) 1. To see is to believe. 1. Vt. + to do…
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 有些动词后既能加不定式作宾语，也能加现在分词作宾语，且意义差别不大：
begin to do / doing…, start to do / doing…, continue to do / doing…, like to do/ doing…, love to do / doing…, prefer to do../ prefer doing… to doing… 当我们用one’s dream, business, wish, hope, idea, plan, job, work, task, duty, aim, purpose, problem, thing及what one wants to do等做主语时,常用不定式做表语 N. + to do…
常用不定式作后置定语的名词有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time, decision, right, determination, etc.
N. + to + Vi. + Prep.
the first / second / third / last … to do…
the best… to do…
the only …to do… 目的状语，“为了……”
in order to do…; so as to do… Vt. + O + to do …
例如：
advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, request, command, order, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, enable, intend, invite, like, prefer, persuade, promise, press, tell, want, wish, warn, help, assist
2. It is(was) + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) + to do … 2. 【but + to do…】
have no choice but to do…
can’t choose but do…
can’t but do… ◆有些动词后既能加不定式作宾语，也能加现在分词作宾语，但意义有区别：
remember to do…
remember doing…
forget to do…
forget doing…
regret to do…
regret doing…
stop to do…
stop doing…
go on to do…
go on doing…
try to do…
try doing…
mean to do…
mean doing…
can’t help to do…
can’t help doing…
2. 在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表产生这情绪的原因：
happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, sad, eager, anxious, lucky, unlucky, fortunate, unfortunate, proud, angry, surprised, shocked, frightened, foolish, disappointed, ready, clever, willing, worried 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即Vt. + O + do …
【吾看三室两厅一感觉】
五看：look at, see, watch, notice, observe
三使：make, have, let
二听：hear, listen to
一感觉：feel
3. It takes(took / will take) sb. some time to do …
表结果：
only to do…[未曾预料到的结果]
4. adj. / adv. + enough + to do…
5. too + adj. / adv. + to do…
6.独立成分：
to tell (you) the truth
to be frank (with you)
to be honest
to make matters worse
to make a long story short
to cut a long story short
to start with
to begin with
to be exact
to be brief
to conclude
to sum up
现在分词(doing…) 1. Seeing is believing. 1. Vt. + doing…
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
置于连系动词之后 以-ing结尾的形容词 分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分。分词作状语一般均用逗号同其他成分隔开。分词可作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步等 1. having done… 或having been done的结果多在句中作状语； 吾看三室两厅一感觉
五看：look at, see, watch, notice, observe
三使：make, have, let
二听：hear, listen to
一感觉：feel
2. It is no good doing … 3. It is not any good doing … 2.以下动词短语也用现在分词作宾语：
can’t help, give up, feel like, can’t stand, put off, insist on, keep on, depend on, thank sb. for, apologize for, be busy
(in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful / hard time (in), spend time (in), be interested in, succeed in, believe in, set about, worry about, dream of, be fond of, be afraid of, be sick of, be tired of, stop…
from, prevent… from, etc.
有些动词的现在分词已可作形容词使用：touching, moving, fascinating, puzzling, exciting, interesting, surprising, loving, frightening, annoying, confusing, satisfying, boring, disgusting, tiring, pleasing, etc.
2. 独立成分：
generally speaking, honestly speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/by…, considering…, taking …. Into consideration, supposing…, providing..., assuming…, admitting…, seeing…,
find, smell, catch, set, leave, keep, get + O + doing…
4. It is no use doing…
5. It is not any use doing …
6. It is useless doing … 3. Prep. + doing…
注意以下短语中to为介词：be used to
lead to
devote to
go back to
stick to
object to
get down to
pay attention to, contribute to, look forward to, etc.
7. It is a waste of doing… 4. Sth. need / want / require doing = need to be done
8. I t is fun doing…
注意比较以下结构：
the rising sun, the risen sun
the falling autumn leaves, the fallen autumn leaves,
boiling water boiled water
exciting news,
an excited listener,
an interesting story,
an interested look,
a moving story,
a moved listener,
the surprising news,
the surprised people,
the tiring work,
a tired worker,
9. It is better doing …
10. It is dangerous doing…
11. It is enjoyable doing…
12. It is worth doing…
过去分词(done…) × × 置于连系动词之后
独立成分：
given…, provided…, everything considered, compared to/with…
look at, see, watch, notice, observe, make, have, hear, listen to
feel, find, leave … + O + done…
有些动词的过去分词已可作为形容词使用，如：
touched, moved, fascinated, puzzled, excited, interested, surprised,
frightened, annoyed, confused, satisfied, bored, disgusted, tired, pleased, etc.
1. 以-ed结尾的形容词
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