2017届高考英语考前冲刺：动词时态和语态

　　2017届高考英语考前冲刺精选动词时态和语态

　　一

　　动词的时态

　　一般现在时

　　表经常性、习惯性的动作，表现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。

　　He speaks English very well.

　　He is very happy.

　　(表现在状态)

　　在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。

　　When I graduate, I ‘ll go to the countryside.

　　If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.

　　(3)

　　有时表示按计划，规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词。如，begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。

　　The train starts at nine in the morning.

　　The meeting begins at seven.

　　一般过去时

　　表过去时间内发生的动作或存在的情况。

　　He worked in a factory in 1986.

　　(2)

　　表过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to do” 和“would do”，其中“used to do ”强调“过去常发生而现在不再”。

　　He used to smoke.

　　一般将来时

　　will/shall do,

　　be(am, is ,are) going to

　　表示将要发生的动作或情况。

　　We shall/will/are going to have a parents meeting next week.

　　be( am, is, are) to do

　　表按计划进行或征求对方意见。

　　Are we to go on with this work?

　　The boy is to go to school tomorrow.

　　be about to do

　　表即将做某事。

　　We are about to leave.

　　go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive等可用进行时态表按计划即将发生的动作。

　　I’m leaving for Beijing.

　　现在进行时

　　表说话当时正在进行的动作。

　　-------

　　What are you doing now?

　　-------

　　I’m studying English.

　　(2)

　　可表现阶段正在进行的动作，但是说话当时该动作不一定发生。

　　We are building socialism in China.

　　(3)

　　有些词的进行时态可表将来。（见一般将来时的第四点）

　　(4)表感情色彩。

　　eg. The couple are always quarrelling.

　　5.

　　过去进行时

　　表过去的某个时候正在做某事。

　　He was reading a novel when I came in.

　　6 .

　　现在完成时

　　have/has done

　　对现在的影响和结果。

　　比较： I saw this film.

　　(只表示看过这部电影。)

　　I have seen this film.

　　(表示我现在了解这部电影的内容。)

　　从过去发展到现在，有可能还要继续发展下去，常用for和since.

　　He has studied English since 1985.

　　7.

　　过去完成时

　　had done

　　“过去的过去”

　　When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for half an hour.

　　By the end of last year, we had learned about 3000 English words.

　　8.

　　过去将来时

　　should/would do

　　be(was, were)going to do

　　常用在宾语从句中。

　　He said that he would speak at the meeting.

　　9.

　　现在完成进行时

　　have/has been doing

　　I’ve been standing here all afternoon.

　　(可能还在站着)

　　比较： I have written a letter.

　　(已完成)

　　I have been writing a letter.

　　(可能还没写完)

　　二

　　动词的语态

　　be done

　　一般现在时： You are required to do this.

　　一般过去时： The story was told by her.

　　一般将来时： The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

　　现在进行时： The road is being widened.

　　过去进行时： The new tool was being made.

　　现在完成时:

　　The novel has been read.

　　过去完成时:

　　He said that the work had been finished.

　　过去将来时：

　　He said that the trees would be planted soon.

　　一些特殊的被动结构

　　动词want, need, require,“需要” deserve, “应得”后用动名词的主动形式。

　　The building needs/wants/requires building.

　　(=The building needs/wants/requires to be rebuilt.)

　　The children need/want/require looking after.

　　(=The children need/want/require to be looked after.)

　　They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该入狱。

　　有些及物动词后须加副词（如：well, easily等），有些可不加。如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write等。

　　The play won’t act. 这戏不易上演。

　　The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

　　The cloth washes /sells well. 这布很经洗/很畅销。

　　形容词worth后直接加动名词。

　　The book is well worth reading twice.

　　某些感官动词和系动词，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove, wear等与形容词连用。

　　eg. The dish tastes delicious.

　　The water feels very cold.

　　She never wears green. 她从不穿绿色的衣服。

　　汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。

　　有人相信：It’s believed that…

　　据说：

　　It is said that…

　　有人会说:

　　It will be said that…

　　希望：

　　It is hoped that…

　　大家认为：

　　It is generally considered that…

　　众说周知： It is well known that…

　　据推断说： It is supposed that…

　　必须指出： It must be pointed out that…

　　三

　　固定句型的固定时态

　　was/were doing sth. when…did sth.eg.

　　I was reading a book when the bell rang.

　　（2）

　　was/were about to do sth. when…did sth.

　　eg.

　　We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

　　（3）表示做事做了第几次或共几次，要用现在完成时。句中有so far, ever since, up till now 也要用现在完成时。

　　It/This/That is the first time that I’ve seen her.

　　We have been there three times.

　　I have not seen him so far.

　　We have had such bad luck up till now.

　　（4）

　　在句中有in/during/for the past/last +一段时间，常用现在完成时。

　　Great changes have taken place in China in the past twenty years.

　　for+一段时间，常用现在完成时。

　　I have stayed here for seven years.

　　注意： I learned English for four years in that university. Now I am an English teacher in a middle school.

　　recently

　　常用现在完成时

　　I haven’t seen him recently.

　　但：Did she have a party recently?

　　yet (否定，疑问句中)，already(肯定句中)，常用现在完成时。

　　Have you showed him around the museum yet?

　　I’ve already seen that film.

　　It is/has been…since…did

　　It is/has been two weeks since I came here.

　　It is five years since he smoked. 他没有抽烟有5年了。

　　It will be+一段时间+before+subject+do/does…

　　It would be+一段时间+before+subject+did…

　　It was+一段时间+before+subject+did

　　It will be a long time before we meet them again.

　　Hardly/scarcely…when,

　　no sooner…than…

　　Hardly/Scarcely had we got in the crops when it began to rain.

　　No sooner had we got in the crops than it began to rain.

　　By或by the end of+将来的时间，用将来完成时。

　　By或by the end of+过去的时间，用过去完成时。

　　I will have learned English for seven years by the end of 2011.

　　I had learned 3000 English words by last year.