考前30天之备战2017高考英语精品学案：专题一 单项选择 第一节单项选择解题方法突破 课堂导学案

　　专题一 单项选择

　　【课堂导学案】

　　在做单项择题时,我们常常遇到一些命题者利用一些看起来似乎熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配而制造的陷阱题目。这样的题目往往会使学生自以为有准确无误的答案,却不能做对。为了能使同学们在解题过程中巧识陷阱，准确做题,特把命题者常设陷阱类型归纳总结如下：

　　一、 定势思维,硬套规则

　　思维定式是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。如果运用得当，它可以帮助学生将题目考查的内容与以前所学的知识联系起来，在较短的时间内对问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理、归纳，并很快得出正确的结论；但若运用不当，它便会误导学生掉入命题者所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。

　　【典题赏析】

　　【例1】—Do you like coffee or milk?

　　—Both. But I prefer coffee

　　milk.

　　A. to

　　B. for

　　C. with

　　D. from

　　【解析】C

　　学生以为是考查prefer A to B结构，实际上是 “但是我更偏爱加牛奶的咖啡”。

　　【例2】Which do you enjoy

　　your weekend, swimming or fishing?

　　A. spending

　　B. to spend

　　C. spend

　　D. being spending

　　【解析】B 学生以为是考查 enjoy doing sth.结构,其实仔细看which作的就是enjoy的宾语, to spend不是作宾语而是作目的状语。

　　【例3】The pollution is getting worse and worse. We must stop pollution

　　a better life.

　　A. to live

　　B. from living

　　C. living

　　D. live

　　【解析】A但易误B，认为是stop… (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其实不是“阻止污染不过上幸福的生活”，而是“为了过上幸福的生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的状语。

　　【例4】I'm sorry I can't help

　　the floor of the classroom.

　　A. sweeping

　　B. swept

　　C. to sweep

　　D. to sweeping

　　【解析】C经验认为cant help doing,但此处表示“不能帮忙打扫教室”。

　　【例5】The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to

　　by others.

　　A. be noticed

　　B. being noticed

　　C. having been noticed

　　D. have been noticed

　　【解析】A经验认为prefer doing sth. to doing sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿意做某事”。此处应为她打扮的目的是为了引起别人的注意。

　　1. The student has won two such gold medals,

　　second to none in the last two competitions,

　　all of his classmates adore and determine to learn from.

　　A. the; that

　　B. /; as

　　C. a; for

　　D. /; because

　　2. Jessie, the cooking chicken

　　nice and inviting. Whom did you learn to cook chickens from in the past?

　　A. smelt

　　B. are smelt

　　C. smelling

　　D. smells

　　3. Do you think it is

　　abroad years ago that actually made him win this business competition nationwide?

　　A. due to being educated

　　B. he was educated

　　C. his being educated

　　D. which he was educated

　　4. —Will you be

　　this evening, Mary?

　　—That depends. I am afraid I will be with my manager together discussing a plan.

　　A. convenient

　　B. suitable

　　C. available

　　D. efficient

　　5. The law requires governments to increase investment in public transport, which is now in poor condition,

　　services and encourage people to use public transport.

　　A. improve

　　B. to improve

　　C. improving

　　D. having improved

　　二、 插入语及定语从句

　　有时一个本来很简单的句子，在其中置入一个插入成分或定语从句，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个看来属“非正常”的位置，则很可能给同学们的理解带来困难,进而导致题目做错。

　　【例1】Look! There are many people over there. What do you think

　　？

　　A. to happen

　　B. happening

　　C. has happened

　　D. is happened

　　【解析】C由于不太清楚do you think 为插入语和要填的答案为谓语动词,易误B或者A。

　　【例2】The letter I had long been looking forward to

　　to me yesterday.

　　A. coming

　　B. came

　　C. had come

　　D. comes

　　【解析】B由于不清楚I had long been looking forward to为定语从句,缺少的是整个句子的谓语动词而非looking forward to的宾语,易误 A。

　　【例3】The person we spoke to

　　no answer at first.

　　A. make

　　B. making

　　C. makes

　　D. made

　　【解析】D可以看出we spoke to是一个定语从句，将其去掉后，我们就会发现整个句子缺少的是一个谓语动词。故本题选D。

　　【例4】The place

　　the bridge is supposed to be built should be

　　the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.

　　A. which; where

　　B. at which; which

　　C. at which; where

　　D. which; in which

　　【解析】C本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与built构成at the place, 故 C。

　　【例5】—Why does she always ask you for help?

　　—There is no one else

　　, is there?

　　A. who to turn to

　　B. she can turn to

　　C. for whom to turn

　　D. for her to turn

　　【解析】B通过分析句子结构可以判断，空格处为定语从句修饰先行词no one else，省略了关系代词whom。 B项正好符合此要求。

　　1. It was not who is right but what is right, we all think, that

　　. Which of the following is NOT right?

　　A. counts

　　B. matters

　　C. accounts

　　D. is of importance

　　2. Livemocha. com is a free site

　　visitors can not just learn various languages but also chat online.

　　A. where

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　3. Mr Wang, who is said to have immigrated to the USA,

　　at No.1 Middle School in our city for twenty years.

　　A. has been teaching

　　B. was teaching

　　C. taught

　　D. have taught

　　4. And there, almost

　　in

　　the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

　　A. having lost

　　B. lost

　　C. to be lost

　　D. losing

　　5. Smoking, which may be

　　pleasure for some people, is

　　serious source of discomfort for their fellows.

　　A. /; a

　　B. a; a

　　C. a; /

　　D. a; the

　　三. 母语干扰,汉语思维

　　学外语最容易受母语干扰，由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。

　　【例1】—I'm feeling a bit cold.

　　—To have some hot soup will

　　.

　　A. feel warm

　　B. change

　　C. help

　　D. be worked

　　【解析】C由于受母语干扰,“喝点热汤会暖和的”，很容易A。若A，该题可以变化为：Have some hot soup, and you will

　　.

　　【例2】Please come to see me often if

　　.

　　A. youre convenient

　　B. it is convenient for you

　　C. you feel convenient

　　D. it is convenient with you

　　【解析】B但易误A或C。因为汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for/to you。

　　【例3】I did as much as I could

　　the crying girl, but in vain.

　　A. comforted

　　B. to comfort

　　C. comfort

　　D. comfort

　　【解析】B但易D，总以为情态动词could后要接动词原形。其实，这里的情态动词could后已省略了一个动词原形do了，后面应用动词不定式表示目的。

　　【例4】Every one should work hard

　　the people.

　　A. serve

　　B. serve for

　　C. to serve

　　D. to serve for

　　【解析】C不定式表示目的，serve 是及物动词。

　　【例5】—Waiter!

　　—

　　—I can't eat this. It's too salty.

　　A. Yes, sir?

　　B. What?

　　C. All right?

　　D. Pardon?

　　【解析】A根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。All right?和Pardon?显然不符合语境。What?从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是Yes, sir?而且要用升调来表示疑问。故 A 是最佳答案。

　　1. —Do you really mean to prepare your lecture two months in advance?

　　—Sure. Anyway,

　　.

　　A. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

　　B. a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit

　　C. a good beginning is half done

　　D. the early bird catches the worm

　　2. —Shall I give you a hand with this as you are so busy now?

　　—Thank you.

　　.

　　A. Of course you can

　　B. If you like

　　C. It's up to you

　　D. It couldn't be better

　　3. —It is more expensive to live in the city than to live in the country, do you think so?

　　—I can't agree more.

　　.

　　A. Two heads are better than one

　　B. Great minds think alike

　　C. A still tongue makes a wise head

　　D. Out of sight, out of mind

　　4. Well, that's just the deal.

　　price will be out of my reach.

　　A. The higher

　　B. A highest

　　C. The highest

　　D. A higher

　　5. —Did you go Dutch after that meal, I mean, with the other five friends?

　　—.

　　A. Yes, they did

　　B. Yes, they paid for the meal

　　C. No, they didn't

　　D. No, because it was my treat that day

　　四、 语序倒装

　　英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分＋谓语部分”，但命题者往往利用倒装这种“不正常”的句式跟你“绕弯子”。解决类似的题目，关键是要熟悉倒装结构，慧眼识别命题者的目的所在。

　　【例1】Never

　　time come back again.

　　A. will lose

　　B. will lost

　　C. will be

　　losing

　　D. will to lose

　　【解析】B如果将这个句子改为陈述句后，我们便可以很容易地看出其结构为：Lost time will never come back again.由于命题时将句子改写成倒装句，题目便具很大的迷惑性。

　　【例2】

　　he come, what

　　you say to him?

　　A. Should； would

　　B. When； would

　　C. If； will

　　D. Were to； did

　　【解析】A但易误B或者C。若B或者C,主句和从句的时态就会矛盾了。根据前面谓语的形式，后面要用虚拟语气才对。这里的if被省略，将should提前。

　　1. —So hard

　　in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.

　　—I can see that, only a few mistakes

　　in this exam.

　　A. has he worked; did he make

　　B. he has worked; he made

　　C. he has worked; has he made

　　D. has he worked; he made

　　2. Only when he returned from the exchange program

　　how much he enjoyed it.

　　A. he realized

　　B. he had realized

　　C. did he realize

　　D. had he realized

　　3. Only

　　do the job and only in this way

　　do the job well.

　　A. can you; can youB. you can; can you

　　C. you can; you canD. can you; you can

　　4. So nice

　　to hear from her.

　　, we last met more than thirty years ago.

　　A. it is； Whats more

　　B. does it； I say

　　C. was it； Or rather

　　D. is it； Believe it or not

　　5. —How was the 2008 Beijing Olympic opening ceremony?

　　— that the whole world was attracted.

　　A. It was very fantastic

　　B. Such fantastic was it

　　C. So fantastic was it

　　D. So fantastic it was

　　五、 省略句

　　省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类题目，可恢复被省略的成分，使句子的结构变得明朗，进而择合适的答案。

　　【例1】—What made her mother so angry?

　　—

　　the exam.

　　A. Because she didn't pass

　　B. Her not passing

　　C. She didn't pass

　　D. Because her not passing

　　【解析】B将答语部分补全应为：

　　the exam made her mother so angry. 可以看出少了一个主语，而能用作主语的是答案B，是一个动名词的复合结构。

　　【例2】The car, although

　　for more than seven years, is now in good condition.

　　A. has used

　　B. being used

　　C. used

　　D. has been used

　　【解析】C这道题学生很容易D,它省略了it has been。

　　1. —You won't go to Mary's wedding party, will you?

　　—Yes,

　　invited to.

　　A. even if

　　B. if

　　C. unless

　　D. though

　　2. What disappointed me was not what he said but

　　he said it.

　　A. the way

　　B. in the way that

　　C. in the way

　　D. the way which

　　3. On hearing the news, the girl rushed out without hesitation,

　　the luggage

　　on the floor and

　　in the dark.

　　A. left; lied; disappeared

　　B. leaving; lying; disappeared

　　C. leaving; lie; disappearing

　　D. left; lay; disappear

　　4. —Where is your mother working?

　　—In a hospital

　　the center of our town.

　　A. is located in

　　B. located in

　　C. set in

　　D. is set in

　　5. —What were you up to when she dropped in?

　　—I

　　for a while and

　　some reading.

　　A. had played; did

　　B. played; did

　　C. had played; was going to do

　　D. was playing; was going to do

　　六、 容易混淆的其他细节

　　细节决定成败。这类题主要是由于标点符号、无主语、无冠词、名词的单复数、词义辨析等细节,做这类题稍微一疏忽,就容易出错。

　　【例1】Every year many farmers go off to the coastal cities,

　　more money there.

　　A. in order to make

　　B. in the hope of making

　　C. hoping to make

　　D. so that make

　　【解析】C这道题学生很容易A或B。但由于逗号的使用,这道题就成了对现在分词短语作伴随状语而不是目的状语的考查。

　　1. —Who is making so much noise in the garden?

　　—

　　the children.

　　A. They are

　　B. There are

　　C. It is

　　D. Those are

　　2. My demand is that the information referred to in my report

　　to Mr Brown without delay.

　　A. to be e-mailed

　　B. e-mailed

　　C. be e-mailed

　　D. being e-mailed

　　3. Don't trust such people

　　praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back.

　　A. who

　　B. whoever

　　C. that

　　D. as

　　4. It is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from

　　.

　　A. the rest

　　B. the other

　　C. everyone else

　　D. someone else

　　5. —There are too many advanced special effects in the latest Harry Potter.

　　—I think this is

　　to highlight the main character than to help its plot.

　　A. more

　　B. less

　　C. other

　　D. rather

　　如何应对英语中的“陷阱题”

　　陷阱一 利用“合理不合法”的现象“合理”即约定俗成；“不合法”即不合乎基本语法规范,不受语法规则制约。

　　对策：熟记一些固定表达。

　　1. Your voice is perfect; I've never heard

　　before.

　　A. the better one

　　B. the best one

　　C. a better one

　　D. a good one

　　【解析】C句意为：我以前从来没听到比这个更动听的声音了。

　　2. —Could you tell me the way to

　　Johnsons, please?

　　—Sorry, we don't have

　　Johnson here in the village.

　　A. the; the

　　B. the; a

　　C. /； the

　　D. the; /

　　【解析】B第一空the Johnsons 指“一家人”；第二空用不定冠词，表示“没一个名叫Johnson的人”。

　　陷阱二

　　改变正常的句型结构，如一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等

　　对策：运用还原法，再现真面目。

　　1. Every minute is made full

　　of

　　our lessons.

　　A. use; study

　　B. useful; to study

　　C. use; to study

　　D. used; studying

　　【解析】C正常语序为 make full use of every minute to study…

　　2. Who would you rather

　　with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?

　　A. have to go

　　B. have go

　　C. have gone

　　D. had go

　　【解析】Bhave sb. do让某人做……句意为：你宁愿让谁与你一道去，Tom还是Smith?正确语序为：You would rather

　　who

　　with you tomorrow，Tom or Smith?

　　陷阱三 加入干扰成分这类题往往在题干中加入干扰成分，增加句子的复杂程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。

　　对策：去掉插入成分。

　　1. He believes in himself，

　　in my opinion is of the most importance.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. as

　　【解析】B which 代表前面的句子。

　　2. He will tell you

　　he expects will win such a match.

　　A. why

　　B. whom

　　C. which

　　D. who

　　【解析】Dhe expects 为插入语，will win 缺主语。

　　陷阱四

　　巧设标点符号标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用——它决定着句子的单复数形式，决定着词造句等其他诸多问题。

　　对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词。

　　1. “You can't catch me!” Jennet shouted and

　　away.

　　A. run

　　B. running

　　C. to run

　　D. ran

　　【解析】Dran away与shouted 并列。

　　2. “You can't catch me!” Jennet shouted，

　　away.

　　A. run

　　B. running

　　C. to run

　　D. ran

　　【解析】B用现在分词表伴随。

　　3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house,

　　wanted to buy it.

　　A. none of them

　　B. both of them

　　C. none of whom

　　D. neither of whom

　　【解析】D前句two people came 表明不能用A、C, 前句的only 表明当时语境无人购买。

　　陷阱五

　　省略或暗设语境

　　对策：补充省略成分，确定正确项。

　　1. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he

　　her somewhere.

　　A. saw

　　B. has seen

　　C. sees

　　D. had seen

　　【解析】D考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时，现在分词短语wondering…作伴随状语，其中whether又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。

　　2. —I can't find Mr Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday?

　　—It was in the hotel

　　he stayed.

　　A. where

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. the one

　　【解析】A 考查定语从句。

　　陷阱六

　　利用母语或文化差异的干扰

　　对策:了解西方文化背景、风俗和思维习惯。

　　1. —Would you like some more tea?

　　—,

　　please.

　　A. No more

　　B. Just a little

　　C. Ive had enough

　　D. Yes, I would

　　【解析】BA、C、D 均显得不礼貌。

　　2. —I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.

　　—.

　　A. Oh, no. Lets not

　　B. I'd rather stay at home

　　C. I'm very sorry, but I have other plans

　　D. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble

　　【解析】C在表示拒绝时, 一般用Im sorry, but…/

　　Im afraid, but… / Id like/love to, but…

　　陷阱七

　　思维定式干扰，谨防习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行思维

　　对策：运用意群及结构分析法。根据句法结构和逻辑关系把句子分成若干部分。划分意群时首先要保证语法和句子结构正确、规范，在此基础上再考虑意思是否完整通顺。

　　1. Whom was it up to

　　the matter？

　　A. decide

　　B. to decide

　　C. deciding

　　D. decided

　　【解析】B这里考查it is up to sb. to do sth. 这样一个句型。本句的意群应该这样划分：Whom/was it up to/to decide the matter?如果不能正确划分意群，则很可能会想当然去A项。

　　答案：

　　一、

　　1. B

　　2. D

　　3. C

　　4. C

　　5. A

　　二、

　　1. C

　　2. A

　　3. C

　　4. B

　　5. B

　　三、

　　1. D

　　2. D

　　3. B

　　4. D

　　5. D

　　四、

　　1. D

　　2. C

　　3. B

　　4. D

　　5. C

　　五、

　　1. B

　　2. A

　　3. B

　　4. B

　　5. C

　　六、

　　1. C

　　2. C

　　3. D

　　4. C

　　5. A