2010年7月30日钱伟长在上海逝世，为纪念这位伟大的科学家，请根据下面钱伟长院士的基本情况，写一篇短文，向班里的同学做一个简单介绍，并号召同学们努力学习，为祖国的科学发展做准备。 姓名：钱伟长 主要职务和称号：中国科学院院士；上海大学校长 出生年月：1912年10月生于江苏无锡 毕业学校及时间：1937 年毕业于清华大学物理系；1942年在美国多伦多大学应用数学系毕业并获得博士学位 荣誉与贡献：中国近代力学之父，弹性力学奠基人；曾在北大和上海大学教学近50年。 1940年开始致力于弹性力学研究，是中国最著名的科学家之一。
注意：1.字数：100~120；
2.可适当增加细节。
参考词汇：中国科学院院士(the CAS academician); 弹性力学(elastic mechanics); 多伦多大学(the University of elastic Toronto)
范文背诵
One of renowned scientists, “father of elastic mechanics”-Qian Weichang, a CAS academician, president of Shanghai University, was born in WuXi, JiangSu Province in October, 1912.He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942.He had been devoted to the study of elastic mechanics since 1940 and got great achievements. He taught at universities in Beijing and Shanghai for nearly 50 years.
He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for the scientific development of our motherland. 句型背诵： ①He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942. ②He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. ③We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for...
1. ______ n. 天文学→ ______ n. 天文学家 2. ______ n. 系统；体系；制度 → ______ adj. 系统的;涉及全系统的 3. ______ n. 宗教；宗教信仰→ ______ adj. 宗教的
4. ______ n. 学说；理论 5. ______ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→ n.激烈；猛烈 6. ______ adj. 有害的 → ______ adj.（反义词）无害的→ ______ n.伤害 7. ______ n. 反应；回应→ ______ v. 反应；起作用 8. ______ vi. 存在；生存→ ______ n. 存在；实有 9. ______ n.出席;在场→ ______ n.当前→ ______ adj. 缺席的;不到场的 10. ______ n. 谜；难题；vt.&vi （使）迷惑;(使)为难→ ______ adj.感到迷惑的→ ______ adj.令人迷惑的 答案：1.astronomy; astronomer
2.system; systemic
3.religion; religious
4.theory
5.violent; violence
6.harmful; harmless; harm
7.reaction; react
8.exist; existence
9.presence; present; absent
10.puzzle; puzzled; puzzling
1. solar ______ 太阳系
2. in ______ 及时；终于 3. ______ eggs下蛋 4. give ______ to 产生；分娩 5. in one’s ______ 轮到某人;接着 6. ______ out
挡住（光线 ） 7. ______ up 感到高兴；感到振奋
8. ______ ______ 既然 9. ______ out 爆发；突发 10. ______ out
密切注视；当心；提防 11. as a ______ of 由于 12. be ______ to 对……有害 13. ______ ...from 阻止;制止 14. come into ______ 开始存在；产生 答案：1.system
2.time
3.lay
4.birth
5.turn
6.block
7.cheer 8.now that
9.break
10.watch
11.result
12.harmful
13.prevent 14.existence
1. ______ it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 2.They were ______ ______ to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ______ ______ ______ make the earth’s atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 3. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。 4.So ______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ______ this problem can be solved.
所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 答案：1.What
2.in time; which were to 3.It was not immediately obvious that
4.whether; whether
1.harmful adj. 有害的 Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.
很多人都意识到了吸烟的危害。 【联想拓展】 be harmful to 对……有害
harm n.&v. 损害，伤害 do harm to sb.= do sb.harm = harm sb.
对……有害；伤害…… 【即学即练】
完成句子 ①吸烟有害健康。 Smoking ______ ______ ______ your health.
②醉酒对我们的身体有害。Drunkenness does _____ _____ our health.
答案：①is harmful to
②harm to
单项填空 ③It is so nice a dog that won’t do you any ______.
A.ill
B.bite
C.hurt
D.harm 解析：选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示“对某人有害”。句意为：这条狗不会伤害你。 2.exist vi. 存在；生存
Man cannot exist without air.没有空气，人就不能生存。 Life exists once for all, value and love it.
生命只有一次，应该珍惜。 温馨提示：exist 只作不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语。existence n. 存在；生活（尤指艰苦﹑无聊等的生活）; 生活方式。 常用结构： exist in 存在于……之中
exist on sth.靠……为生 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①英语中没有这个字。 That word doesn’t ______ ______ English.
②她只靠牛奶生存。
She ______ only ______ milk.
③在湖边有一棵树。
______ ______ a tree near the lake. 答案：①exist in
②existed;on
③There exists 单项填空 ④I can hardly ______ the wage I’m getting.
A.exist on
B.exist
C.exist in
D.existence 解析:选A。句意为：我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。分析题干此处缺动词作谓语， exist on sth. 固定搭配，意为“靠某物生存”，故选A。 3.puzzle vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
n.谜；难题
Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 常用结构： puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle sth. out
开动脑筋（试图）找出某事物的答案或解决方法
【即学即练】 完成句子 ①她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信。
She’s been ______ ______ his strange letter for weeks.
②老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。
The teacher left the children to ______ ______ the answer to the problem themselves.
答案：①puzzling over
②puzzle out 【联想拓展】 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的
puzzling adj.令人费解的 【即学即练】 单项填空 ③She felt ______ about her future.
A.puzzle
B.puzzling
C.puzzled
D.puzzles 解析:选C。句意为：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled（人）迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling（物）令人迷惑的。
4.pull n.&vt.拉(力）；拖；牵引力 You push and I’ll pull.
你来推，我来拉。
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。 温馨提示：pull的近义词为:draw, drag；反义词:push，shove。 【速记名片】
常用结构： pull ahead (of sb./sth.)领先（于某人/物） pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人） pull sb. down（指疾病）使某人虚弱 pull sth. down毁坏, 拆毁（如旧建筑物） pull sth. in
把某人带到警察局问话; 拘留某人；吸引（观众、支持者等）； 挣（钱、薪水等） pull out (sth.) （指机动车辆、船只等）驶出, 划出或打斜 pull together同心协力；通力合作 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①这个队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他各队。
The team has ______ ______ ______ ______ the rest in the championship.
②部队在结束战斗以后撤走了。
The army ______ ______ after the battle.
③我到达时, 末班列车刚刚开出。
I arrived as the last train was ______ ______ .
答案：①pulled well ahead of
②pulled back
③pulling out 单项填空 ④So long as we ______, there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.
A.pull out
B.pull in
C.pull together
D.pull back 解析：选C。考查pull短语的辨析。句意为：只要我们团结起来，就没有我们征服不了的山峰。由句意可知，选C。
5.cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 【联想拓展】 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的
He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。 常用结构: cheer sb.on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活 cheer for为……欢呼，喝彩；给……加油 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
The crowd ______ ______ ______ ______
as they started the last lap.
②想到再次见到她，他就高兴起来。
He ______ ______
at the thought of seeing her again.
③咱们去看足球比赛，为我们的校队呐喊助威。
Let’s go to the football game and ______ ______
our school team. 答案：①cheered the runners on
②cheered up
③cheer for 单项填空 ④At the party the girls ______their partners to go it.
A.cheered for
B.cheered up
C.cheered on
D.cheered out 解析:选A。考查cheer短语的辨析。cheer for为……欢呼，喝彩；给……加油。句意为：在晚会上女孩子们欢叫着为她们的伙伴加油。
6.in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 In my turn, I told them a joke. 轮到我的时候，我给他们讲了一个笑话。
I will see you, each in your turn.我将一个接一个地看你们。 温馨提示：在短语in one’s turn中turn作名词，另外turn还可以作动词，意为“转动；扭转；(使)变成”。 常用结构： in turn轮流；依次；反过来；反之 by turns轮流；一阵……一阵……
take turns (to do sth.)轮流（做某物）
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
【即学即练】 完成句子 ①让我们轮流来做这项实验。
Let’s do this experiment ______ ______ . ②你的态度影响别人，它又将会反过来影响你。
Your attitude affects others which ______ ______ affects you. ③她一阵子发热，一阵子发冷。
She went hot and cold ______ ______ . ④今天该我洗盘子洗碗了。
It’s my turn ______ ______ ______ today. 答案：①in turn
②in turn
③by turns
④to wash up 单项填空 ⑤He gets cheerful and depressed ______.
A.by turns
B.take turns
C.in turn
D.in his turn 解析:选A。考查短语的辨析。此句的句意为：他的情绪高一阵低一阵。故选A。 7.prevent...from 阻止；制止 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game. 他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。 The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons. =They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons by the police.警察阻止他们携带武器。 用法点拨：prevent...from = stop...from = keep...from
使……不做……；阻止……做…… prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省。 【即学即练】 单项填空 ①We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to ______ many of the disasters ______. A.keep; happening
B.prevent; from happening
C.stop; from being happened
D.prevent; from being happened 解析:选 B。考查动词短语的用法。prevent... from doing意为“阻止……做某事”，同义词为stop/keep...from doing,其中prevent/stop... from doing中的from可省略，而keep...from doing中的from不能省略，故排除A项；happen为不及物动词，不用被动，故选B。 ②Some policeman should be sent to ______ them ______ the trees.
A.prevent; to cut down
B.stop; cutting down C.keep; to cut down
D.keep; cutting down 解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,其中keep sb.from doing sth. 中的from不可省。故选B。 8.break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发 Trouble may break out at any moment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。 When did the war break out?
战争是什么时候爆发的？ It was at midnight that a fire broke out.
就是在午夜时分发生了一起大火。 温馨提示：break out指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突发，无被动语态。 常用结构： break away from
脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等） break down
出故障；（计划、谈判等）失败；（身体、精神 等）垮掉 break in
闯入；插话 break into
强行进入；突然……起来 break off
折断；突然中止；断绝；结束 break through
突破，强行穿过 break up
解散；打碎；（学校）期终放假 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①他一句话只说了一半就停住了。
He ______ ______ in the middle of a sentence.
②你们什么时候放圣诞节假?
When do you ______ ______ for Christmas?
③双方谈判已经破裂。
Negotiations between the two sides have ______ ______ . ④上星期有人闯入他的房屋。
His house was ______ ______ last week.
答案：①broke off
②break up
③ broken down ④broken into 9.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 twice as...as... 是……的两倍。 This box is twice as large as that box. 这个箱子的大小是那个箱子的两倍。 There are four times as many students as we expected. 学生是我们预计的五倍。 常用结构： ①倍数+ as + adj./adv. + as 表示“是……的几倍”。 ②倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+ than 表示“比……(多/大)几倍”。 ③倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词（size, height, weight, length, width， depth）+ of 表示“长度/高度/宽度是……的几倍”。
【即学即练】 完成句子 ①这把尺子是那把的尺子的三倍长。
This ruler is three times as long as that one. =This ruler is three times ______ ______ ______ ______ .
=This ruler is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ that one. ②这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。
This book is three times ______ ______ ______ that one.
答案：①longer than that one; three times the length of ②as long as/the length of
Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The government took immediate measures and the disease was
p ______ spreading. 2.Our solar s ______ has 8 planets. 3.My new teacher is a very g ______ person. 4.This area has a hot c ______. 5.As everybody knows, smoking is h ______ to people’s health. 6.He was involved in the ______(暴力的) fight last night and was arrested by the police. 7.Some advertisements have no ______ （吸引力）at all. 8.This kind of plant only ______ （存在） in Africa. 9.The boss never shouts at his staff in the ______(在场) of others. 10.There is an ______ （气氛） of peace and calm in the country, quite different from that of a big city. 答案：1.prevented
2.system
3.gentle
4.climate
5.harmful
6.violent 7.pull/attraction
8.exists
9.presence
10.atmosphere Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 in all directions/go by/give birth to/in time/depend on/prevent...from/as well as/be different from/escape from/masses of 1. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will ______ whether this problem can be solved. 2.If you put your heart into it，you’ll succeed ______ . 3.There were ______ people in the shops yesterday. 4.Nothing can ______ their plans ______ being carried out. 5.Our sons ______ each other.
6.As time ______ ,I began to realize what I did was wrong. 7.Carbon dioxide can prevent heat from
the earth into space. 8.They own a house in France ______ a villa in Spain. 9.The birds were flying about ______ . 10.She ______ a fine healthy baby.
答案：1.depend on
2.in time
3.masses of
4.prevent;from 5.are different from
6.went by
7.escaping from 8.as well as
9.in all directions
10.gave birth to Ⅲ. 完成句子 1.The problem of pollution ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (值得关注).
2.The unexpected snowstorm ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (阻止了我们去登山). 3. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (当心车辆)while crossing the road. 4.Our teacher took us to the park ______ ______ ______ ______ (以使我们高兴). 5. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (既然大家同意了我的计划),let’s start for Shanghai next weekend. 6.This is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (如此有趣的一部影片) I have seen it twice.
7. Visitors ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （离开公园）at 4. 8. Happy people are happy for ______ ______ ______ reasons(各种各样的). 9.Everyone can ______ ______ ______ （不一样) another. Why must we all be the same? 答案：1.is worth paying attention to 2.prevented us from climbing the mountain 3.Watch out for a traffic
4.to cheer us up 5.Now that everyone agrees to my plan 6.so interesting a film that 7.are to leave the park
8.all sorts of
9.be different from
Ⅳ. 单项填空 1.It was reported that a plane crash happened last night and most of the passengers were badly ______ and some 10 died.
A.damaged
B.injured
C.destroyed
D.harmed 解析：选B。考查同义词的辨析。injure强调在意外事故中 “受伤”。
2.The boiler from excessive pressure of steam ______ .
A.exploded
B.burst
C.explode
D.erupt
解析：选A。考查同义词的辨析。explode强调(火药、炸药或蒸气压力过高的锅炉)爆炸，炸裂，突然破裂。由句意“蒸气压力过高的锅炉突然破裂了”用一般过去时最合适，因此答案选A。 3.He exists
______ bread and water.
A.on
B.in
C.by
D.with 解析：选A。考查短语搭配。exist on靠……活下去(或生存);exist in在……中存在(或生存); exist by在(某种思想、品质等)中找到生活的力量;exist with与……共存。由句意“他靠面包和水度日”可知答案。
4. The villagers were often in
______ clashes with each other in those years before the agreement was reached.
A.interesting
B.peaceful
C.violent
D.spiritual 解析：选C。句意为：村民们在协议达成之前彼此之间经常发生暴力冲突。所谓的冲突不应是“有趣的”，也不会是“平安的”“和平的”，既然是彼此之间发生的事情，“精神冲突”亦不合适，只有“暴力的冲突”才符合句意，故选C。
5.Freezing winter is harmful ______
orange trees.
A.for
B.to
C.of
D.at 解析：选B。考查固定短语。句意为：寒冬对橘子树有害。be harmful to... 对……有害。 6.She started as an office junior, and ______ became the director the whole company.
A.in surprise
B.in return
C.in turn
D.in time
解析：选D。考查短语的区别。in surprise 吃惊地；in return作为回报；in turn轮流，依次；in time终于，一段时间后。由句意“她起初只是一名办公室职员，最终成了整个公司的董事。”可知应选D。
7.Everything went well according ______ plan.
A.to
B.with
C.for
D.as 解析：选A。句意为：一切依计划进展顺利。according to为固定短语，意为“根据，按照”。
8.The boy lying under the tree lied to his friends that his cock ______ eggs.
A.lied
B.laid
C.lay
D.lain 解析：选B。考查lie (lied,lied)说谎；lie (lay,lain)躺，平卧和lay(laid,laid)放置；下蛋等几个词的区别。句意为：躺在树下的那个男孩向他的朋友撒谎说他的公鸡下蛋了。 9.There is no harm ______.
A.on try
B.in try
C.in trying
D.to trying
解析：选C。句意为：不妨试试看。There is no harm in doing sth.为固定句型，意为“不妨做某事”。
10. ______ you do it, you’d better do it well.
A.Now that
B.After
C.Although
D.As soon as 解析：选A。now that既然，用于引导原因状语从句。句意为：既然你做了，你最好把它做好。
11.His health ______ because of
working too hard.
A.has gotten down
B.has put down
C.has broken down
D.has gone down 解析：选C。考查短语的区别。get down 写下来，记下；吃下去。put down 写下来，记下来；break down指在健康或精神等方面(使)垮掉，垮下来；(健康等)变得衰弱，衰弱下来，(由于过度忧愁或工作而)精神不支；(体力、精神)支持不住。go down下降(沉没,屈服,被记下)。句意为：他因工作过度劳累，身体垮下来了。因此选C项。 12.Don’t get ______ the burning building, or you’ll get hurt.
A.next to
B.known to
C.close to
D.familiar to 解析：选C。考查短语的区别。句意为：不要靠近起火的大楼，否则你会受伤的。get close to接近；next to在一旁；get familiar to 熟悉……。
13.That hotel is always full because it offers a friendly ______ and personal service.
A.surface
B.atmosphere
C.system
D.appearance 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意为:这家旅馆总是住满客人,因为它提供一种友好的氛围和个性化的服务。surface表面；水面；atmosphere气氛；大气;system系统,体系;appearance外表;出现,露面。