专题 四 │ 专题导读
目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式，不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋，因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：
1．力求语言平实、简洁、准确，突出实用性，句子不宜过长，这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息，如：时间、地点、参加人、理由、或者是活动内容等。
2．根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态，如日记一般用过去时，通知用一般现在时和将来时等。 真题再现 专题 四 │ 真题再现
(一)
[2010·全国Ⅰ] 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委，请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
注意：词数100左右。 专题 四 │ 真题再现 Dear Ms. Smith， ___________________________________________
With best wishes， Li Hua 专题 四 │ 真题再现 One possible version： Dear Ms. Smith，
I’m Li Hua, a chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.It will start at 2∶00 pm in Room 501 and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 4487665 if you have any questions. 专题 四 │ 真题再现
I am looking forward to your reply.
With best wishes，
Li Hua 专题 四 │ 真题再现
(二)
[2010·山东] 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
1．表示歉意；
2．解释原因；
3．另约时间。
注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．可适当增加细节。 专题 四 │ 真题再现 One possible version： Dear Tom，
I’m Li Hua. According to our plan made last week, we will go to Beijing together for our travelling next weekend. I thought I could go with you, however, one of my old friends from New York will come to my house next weekend. I’m really sorry to tell you that I can not leave next weekend. As you know, I like travelling very much, and I am eager to 专题 四 │ 真题再现 go to Beijing with you. Can we go to Beijing together on June 17, 2010? Are you free that day？Please tell me your decision as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua 专题预测 专题 四 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你将要参加全校高中生英语演讲比赛，请你针对不少中学生都有自己的网上博客这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。
演讲稿的主要内容应包括：
1．人们的看法：提供了一个展示自己才华的平台；但是浪费时间、影响学习；
2．你的意见…… 专题 四 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet.________________________________________________________________________
Thank you! 专题 四 │ 专题预测 One possible version： Good morning, Ladies and Gentleman，
Nowadays，it is common that many high school students have their own blogs on the Internet. Someone says this is a double-edged sword.On one hand，it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent and a way to release their pressure.But on the other hand，it will take them a lot of time and energy to manage their blogs and it is a waste of time and will greatly affect their schoolwork. 专题 四 │ 专题预测
In my opinion, I think it is a good thing. Nowadays the Internet is playing an important role in our life, so we can’t ignore its influence.More importantly, opening and organizing an eye catching blog needs various abilities such as writing, being skillful at computer and so on.
Blog itself is of little harm.It is your attitude towards it that matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.
Thank you! 专题 四 │ 专题预测
(二)
Jenny是一个刚刚毕业的大学生，面对找工作难的问题，她对自己的现状进行了客观分析，发现自己很刻苦，能持之以恒；但所学物理专业不是太实用，而且自己性格太内向。假如你是知心朋友栏目的编辑，请针对Jenny的情况给她回信，帮助她改变自己的现状。信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。词数不少于120词。 专题 四 │ 专题预测 Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions. ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________
Yours Sincerely，
Friends 专题 四 │ 专题预测 One possible version： Dear Jenny，
I am the editor of “Friends”. Knowing that you find it difficult to find a job right now, I would like to give you some suggestions.
First of all, you should be optimistic about your future. As you can see, you are diligent and persistent, which will help you to stay dedicated to what you are pursuing. So, please spend sometime in figuring out what you want to be and then prepare yourself in that direction. 专题 四 │ 专题预测
Secondly, try to seize chances to take part in some activities which will help to make you more open. You know, when you cooperate with other people more, you will not be so shy and the group work will help you be more confident
as it is the work done by a group.
Thirdly, do not think what you have learned in physics is not practical or useless because it may have enabled you a way of thinking. You know, physics is abstract. And you will somehow have learned how to generalize from the facts and see what is behind. 专题 四 │ 专题预测
Nothing is difficult so long as you put your heart in it. Hopefully my advice will be of help. Good luck to you!
Yours Sincerely，
Friends 专题 四 │ 专题预测
(三)
[2010·大连一模] 假如你叫李华，最近你校在为一批来自英国的学生征寻住宿家庭，你有意申请。请用英语给校长写封信，说明你申请的理由：
1．住房宽敞，有私家车；
2．擅长英语，乐于交流；
3．去年接待过英国学生。
注意：1.词数不少于120；
2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计人总词数。 专题 四 │ 专题预测 Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students. ________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua 专题 四 │ 专题预测 One possible version： Dear Sir，
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped apartment answers all their needs. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interest. With fluent 专题 四 │ 专题预测 English and an outgoing personality, I’m sure I will have no difficulty communicating with them. Furthermore, we hosted two British students last year, through which we’ve gained lots of experience. In addition, my mother’s expert cooking can guarantee them a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua 专题 二 │ 专题导读
3．图画式议论文的写作模板
对于看图画/表式议论文，写作时，第一段描述图画所反映的问题，第二段分析该现象产生的原因，第三段发表一下自己的看法。可以套用以下模板：
As is shown ________.
In my opinion/ I think we should________(On one hand, ________. On the other hand, ________). In addition(Additionally), we should________.
As far as I am concerned, I hold________./ Only in this way can we________. 专题 二 │ 专题导读
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。 真题再现 专题 二 │ 真题再现
[2010·湖北]
请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.
专题 二 │ 真题再现 注意： 1．无须写标题； 2．内容只需涉及一个方面； 3．词数为100左右。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 专题 二 │ 真题再现 One possible version：
No body language can be more attractive /fascinating than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted. Sometimes when a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
专题 二 │ 真题再现
A little boy named Lang Zheng, for instance, impressed and encouraged a great many people when a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he was rescued by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in sadness.
It is no exaggeration to say that without smile our life would be colorless and difficult. It is suggested that we should smile as much as possible.
专题预测 专题 二 │ 专题预测
(一)
人们在生活中面临各种各样的挑战，请说一说人们为什么喜欢挑战和有哪些新的挑战有待人们探索。
注意：1.适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整；
2．词数100左右(不包括文章的开头)。
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields.________________________________________________________________________ 专题 二 │ 专题预测 One possible version：
For thousands of years, people have accepted challenges in different fields. There are not only physical challenges, but also social and intellectual challenges. Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do. Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. Whatever they are, people enjoy challenges.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Why do people enjoy these challenges? There are probably many reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, or achievement. And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.
Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases that still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities, design and produce new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy. 专题 二 │ 专题预测
(二)
下面的条形图(bar chart)显示了不同年龄段孩子们的心理健康状况。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
根据上图信息，请以“Psychological problems of students”为题，用英语写一篇不少于120词的短文。要求如下：
1．简要描述图中信息；
2．说明原因(学业压力，缺乏引导……)；
3．谈谈你的看法。
注意：文章的标题和开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart，______________________________________________ 专题 二 │ 专题预测 One possible version：
Psychological problems of students
As is shown in the bar chart, there are more and more health problems existing among students.
It’s quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Undoubtedly, students have too much work, and schools should take the responsibilities of guaranteeing students’ psychological health. Relevant courses and activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling (咨询) hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.
专题 二 │ 专题预测
Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work to cultivate an opening and caring mind. Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the internet should definitely be avoided.
专题三 说明文型
书面表达
专题 三 │ 说明文型书面表达
专题导读 专题 三 │ 专题导读
说明文具有知识性、科学性、实用性以及条理性等特点，它贵在以简明扼要的语句介绍事物，阐明事理。我们可以按照说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。这类体裁的文章在高考中考查的不是太多。 专题 三 │ 专题导读
写作时要注意：
(1)要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象，在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。
(2)注意说明方法。可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述，可采取“先举例，后总结”或者“先总结，后举例”的结构模式。不需要发表主张，抒发个人情感。
(3)说明文通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。 真题再现 专题 三 │ 真题再现
[2009·江苏] 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。 专题 三 │ 真题再现 专题 三 │ 真题再现
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 专题 三 │ 真题再现 One possible version：
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well-chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting,deleting,
专题 三 │ 真题再现 moving and copying, it enables us to edit texts, browse web pages and download what we want. It can also help us email people, shop online and find friends around the world. A simple click can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
专题 三 │ 真题再现
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
专题预测 专题 三 │ 专题预测
(一)
请你根据下面一首诗，写一篇说明“书的作用”的短文。
注意：可根据小诗的提示适当增加必要的细节，使内容和意思衔接。(词数为100左右)
层层宝库找开来，黑宝纵横一排排。
能记诸般悠悠事，不分古今和中外。 ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测 One possible version：
As everyone knows, it is very useful and interesting for us to read books. By reading books, we can learn what is going on both at home and abroad. We can also know what has happened or will happen in the past years and in the future. 专题 三 │ 专题预测
Books help us to enrich our knowledge. Some useful and helpful books often open our minds and give us new ideas. We understand how to live a happy life and learn newer and better ways of doing things through books. As someone said, “A good book is just like a good friend.” There is a proverb which says, “Live and learn！” 专题 三 │ 专题预测
(二)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
请根据上表内容以“The Shanghai World Expo”为题，写一篇不少于120词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
专题 三 │ 专题预测 One possible version：
The Shanghai World Expo
The World Expo, first held in London in 1851, is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy，science and technology. Its theme is to concern the development of new life, promote to communicate with different countries. 专题 三 │ 专题预测
As the first one of the developing countries，China hosted the World Expo in Shanghai from May 1st to October 31st of 2010.It aimed to promote the development of the world economy，culture，science and technology.The theme of the World Expo was “Better City，Better Life”．Haibao，the mascot for the Shanghai World Expo corld can be seen everywhere in the city.242 countries and international organizations took part in the exhibition，in which each member displayed their latest achievements.It is believed that this expo has been greatly improving the international relationship. 专题四 应用文型
书面表达
专题 四 │ 应用文型书面表达
专题导读 专题 四 │ 专题导读
应用文是高考书面表达中考查得最多的体裁。它接近考生的实际生活，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常以解说事物为主，要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚，使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等，其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多，主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些表达或词汇：
转折：while; but; on the contrary; however
比较：compared with/to
对比：in contrast to; different from; difference between
类似：similar to; as/the same…as;
递进：more than; less than
第三段：结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short; generally speaking; It’s clear from the…that…； Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that… 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·浙江六校联考] 假设你叫李华，你的美国笔友Johnson想和家人来中国定居，请你帮他在A、B两个城市中做出选择。下面的图表是对这两座城市在就业、娱乐和环境等方面所作的对比。请你根据该表提供的信息用英语给他写封电子邮件，提出你的建议并说明理由。
注意：
1．图表左边的数字说明人们对这两个城市的喜爱程度。
2．词数l20左右。短文开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 模块 7 │ 题型探究 Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China._________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua 模块 7 │ 题型探究 【参考范文】
Dear Johnson，
I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China. After a careful study of the information about the two cities, I suggest you choose to live in City A．First of all, City A is a more popular city to live in. The environment in City A is better than that in City B and the climate there is very pleasant. Besides, there 模块 7 │ 题型探究
are many places for entertainment where you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time. As for the employment, though the job opportunities are not so good as in City B, yet I don’t think it’s a problem for you as a teacher of English.
This is only my suggestion and it’s up to you to decide. Hope to hear from you again.
Yours，
Li Hua 模块 7 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点四 开放式作文
开放式作文不等同于一般的提纲作文，因为它不像提纲作文那样所给的要点很全面，写作时按照一定的“框框”进行发挥即可，而要求考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索(包括文字提示和图画)，利用发散性思维，去合理地想象、推理，然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。由此可知，开放性作文类似于语文的材料作文，不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且还考查考生的想象力以及多角度分析问题和解决问题的能力。开放性作文是英语高考写作中难度最大的一类。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·北京] 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
In your spoken English class，your teacher shows you the following picture.You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it. 模块 7 │ 题型探究 ________________________________________________________________________ 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
1．三分之一描写要点：阳光，楼(很靠近)，弯曲的树。(the sun, two apartments/flats closely-located, the winding/twisted tree)
2．三分之二议论着眼立意：
(1)人生角度：在成长的道路上(树的成长)，有曲折，有困难(建筑的阻挡，弯曲)，但是只要向着光明和希望(太阳)去努力拼搏，坚持不懈，还是能够冲破桎梏取得成功(树在楼的夹缝中长高了，超出建筑)。
模块 7 │ 题型探究
(2)和谐角度： 城市的发展(建筑)和环境的可持续发展(树的成长)要协调，要平衡，(在阳光下)才能欣然共存；
(3)立意与现实生活关系：①引导90后要具有积极的生活态度，生活非一帆风顺的。② 扣住低碳生活的环保热点，城市和环境的和谐发展也是低碳生活的必需。 模块 7 │ 题型探究 【参考范文】
In the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine. The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions. Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does. 专题一 记叙文型
书面表达
专题 一 │记叙文型书面表达
专题导读 专题 一 │专题导读
一般说来，英语记叙文和汉语的一样，有六大“要素”，即时间、地点、人物、原因、经过和结果。写记叙文时，要注意兼顾这几大要素。另外，记叙文还讲究写作顺序。一般来说，记叙文的写作顺序主要包括顺叙和倒叙两种。顺叙是指按照事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行写作。而倒叙则指将某些后发生的细节，甚至是事件的最后结果先提到前面叙述，这样可以起到引人入胜的效果。因此，在记叙文的写作过程中，一定要避免内容空洞、平铺直叙，否则就很难给人留下深刻的印象，得分不高就在所难免。 真题再现 专题 一 │ 真题再现
[2010·北京] 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。
注意：1.周记的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。 专题 一 │ 真题再现
Last weekend，I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe.______________________________________ 专题 一 │ 真题再现 One possible version：
Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long 专题 一 │ 真题再现 queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
专题预测 专题 一 │ 专题预测
(一)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的班长李华，你们全班同学在“五一节”放假期间开展了“体验一天低碳生活”的活动。请你根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文短文，介绍同学们这一天的体验活动，向学校“英语园地”投稿。短文的开头已为你写好。词数不少于120。
提示词：disposable chopsticks一次性筷子 专题 一 │ 专题预测 专题 一 │ 专题预测
A Low-carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low-carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.…________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 专题 一 │ 专题预测 One possible version：
A Low-carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low-carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation. In the morning, we went to parks by bus instead of going by car.At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable chopsticks served there.Instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair of chopsticks and a spoon.In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket. To avoid the damage
专题 一 │ 专题预测 the free plastic bags caused to the environment, we put what we had bought into cloth bags.It was hot at night.We didn’t turn on the air conditioners.We used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
Although the activity lasted only one day, we have learned a lot from it.We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us.In this way, we are sure to live in a better world. 专题 一 │ 专题预测
(二)
[2010届·长沙高三年级第三次联合考试]假设你叫李明。2010年4月14日，我国青海玉树自治州发生强烈地震，造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失。你校组织赈灾活动，希望每人献出一份爱心，捐献一件学习用品。假如你捐献了一副心爱的圆规(或书包、铅笔盒、图书等)，请根据下列提示写一封信给这位不知名的灾区同学。
1．了解灾区情况，表示同情；
2．你珍爱这件学习用品的原因；
3．鼓励灾区同学重建家园并提出自己的建议。 专题 一 │ 专题预测
注意：
1．词数：100左右； (信的开头已给出，不计入总词数)
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息；
4．生词提示：一副圆规： a pair of compasses；玉树自治州：the Autonomous Prefecture
of
Yushu。 Dear friend， _________________________________________________
专题 一 │ 专题预测
One possible version： Dear friend，
When we learned over the radio and in the newspapers that the Autonomous Prefecture
of
Yushu
was struck by a terrible earthquake on April 14th,2010, making more than 2,000 people killed and even more injured.we became very worried. It is said that many houses were ruined, so you can’t have your classes as usual. I wonder if things have improved by now. 专题 一 │ 专题预测
I’d like to send you a pair of compasses, which were a present given to me by my sister on my last birthday. I hope it will be of some help to your study.
As for yourself, don’t lose heart and do be strong-minded when facing the great difficulties for the people all over the country are standing by you. And please keep in touch with me and I will try my best to help you. In addition, the government is trying to help the people in the disaster-hit areas rebuild their homes. I believe the day will soon come when you overcome all the difficulties and live a new life. 专题 一 │ 专题预测
Hoping to get your early reply.
Yours truly，
Li Ming
专题二 议论文型
书面表达
专题 二 │ 议论文型书面表达
专题导读 专题 二 │ 专题导读
议论文一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题，通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达题中，议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。 专题 二 │ 专题导读
1．使用三段式作文法。
(1)第一段开门见山直奔主题，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件。
(2)第二段摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚，过渡要自然。
(3)最后一段，得出结论。可以有三种方式： 专题 二 │ 专题导读
①重复中心思想，回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
②引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。
③得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。 专题 二 │ 专题导读
2．观点式议论文的写作模板。
第一段根据提示陈述一下所谈论的话题，第二段分别提出双方的观点，并进行论述。可以采用下列句型：观点陈述1：Some people think that…The reason is that… .Besides，… . (Some are against the view that… .)；观点陈述2：(However/On the other hand) others have just the opposite opinion. They think that…What’s more，…(Some are in favor of the view that…)；第三段陈述个人的看法。可以采用下列句型：As far as I am concerned…(In my opinion，…； It’s my opinion that…) For one reason，… For another reason…In a word，… 专题一 记叙文型书面表达 专题二
议论文型书面表达 专题三
说明文型书面表达 专题四
应用文型书面表达 模块 7 书面表达
模块 7 书面表达
考纲解读 模块 7 │考纲解读
书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目，旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表、提纲等，应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力，是一种复合型的题型。 命题分析 模块 7 │ 命题分析
从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看，高考书面表达表现出下面的命题特点：
1．格局：“提示型、半开放式”写作
2010年各省市的书面表达题基本都属于提示型写作，写作要求明确，提示简明，完全摒弃原有的纯粹“翻译型”命题，不再禁锢同学们的思维空间。题目设置一般都提供图画、图表、提纲等情景。试题设置 模块 7 │ 命题分析
均为半开放式，给考生一定提示的同时，也提供了更为宽广的思维空间，使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地，这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章，考生不仅要精确地表达所给信息，更加重要的是在自由发挥部分，要有自己独到的见解，要言之有物，言之有理，充分体现出思维的广度和深度。 模块 7 │ 命题分析
2．体裁：应用文独占鳌头
今年的高考书面表达处处体现了新课改对高考“体现英语教学的交际性、实用性和应用性，提高考生的综合语言运用能力”的要求。依然沿袭以往的风格，强调写作的目的性和实用性。应用文仍是主打体裁。 模块 7 │ 命题分析
3．理念：源于生活，高于生活
2010年高考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活，写作话题真实，同学们有话可写。书面表达情景实用性程度高，每一份试卷都符合同学们认知水平和日常生活经历；题目设计关注同学们成长，注意培养同学们良好的道德品质和健全的人格(如江西卷和北京卷等)；另外，所涉及话题关注社会，富有新时代特色，能唤起同学们强烈的主人翁意识和责任感(如福建卷的节水、广东卷基础写作的戒烟问题)。这种贴近生活、立足基础、发扬个性、关注环境的设题理念仍将是近几年高考书面表达的基本思路。 应试点睛 模块 7 │ 应试点睛
1．火眼金睛细审题
审题是高质量书面表达的前提。第一要审文体。高考书面表达体裁主要有记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。所以考生首先要准确确定文体。然后审格式。近几年高考书面表达的格式以书信、求职信、通知和看图作文等为最多，考生对这些文体格式都应有明确的认识，并熟练掌握。另外在开始构思之前，一定要认真阅读写作要求中的所有信息，确定好基本时态。特别要注意人称的使用，因为高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，人称错误要扣除所得分数的三分之一。 模块 7 │ 应试点睛
2．列出要点免遗漏
高考书面表达评分标准之一是要点齐全，漏掉要点要相应地扣分。细读所提供的信息和要求后，最好把需要表达的全部内容要点写在草稿纸上，并标上序号，以免遗漏要点。列要点时，假如所给提示是图表，要从图表中找出需要表达的信息要点，特别是细节，如事件背景、人物表情以及图画中的汉字等。倘若有生词提示，一定要用上。 模块 7 │ 应试点睛
3．妙笔生花连成篇
一篇好的Writing，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词、以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的Writing出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间有连贯性和整体性。
模块 7 │ 应试点睛
有不少同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：first, in the first place, second…； 表并列/递进： too, also，as well as, in addition, furthermore; 表举例：for example, for instance；表总结：as a result, in summary, in short等。 题型探究 模块 7 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点一 提纲型
提纲作文的形式是多样的，常见的有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。写作时要认真审题，把握中心，注意各个要点之间的联系，且保证所给要点不遗漏。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
具体说来，提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇100—120词左右的短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示，这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示，出题人用表格的形式给出要点，写作时我们首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·四川] 假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。
1．过去对成年的向往；
2．现在的感受和认识；
3．将来的目标和措施。
参考词汇：责任responsibility 模块 7 │ 题型探究
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。 Good morning，everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”． ________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening. 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【思路点拨】
第一步：确立文体：英语发言稿。
第二步：确立要点：(1)过去对成年的向往 ；(2)现在对已成年的感受和认识 ；(3)成年的我将来的目标及措施。
第三步：注意事项：写作要点齐全，要包括规定的三方面内容；注意时态的变化。 模块 7 │ 题型探究 【参考范文】
Good morning, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up”．
As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown-up, but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this, but also more responsibilities.
模块 7 │ 题型探究 I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.
Thank you for listening. 模块 7 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点二 图画型
看图作文也是常见的高考题型。其素材贴近学生生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是考生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息，并能充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
一般来说，看图作文多以夹叙夹议的形式出现，即先阐述图画所表达的内容，然后阐述自己的观点。因此，在具体的布局谋篇中要学会理解图画，将每幅图画的内容有机地联系在一起，而不能断章取义，误解命题人的意图。写作时可以先按照每幅图画的内容，列出简单的提纲，然后再将图画的内容串联起来。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
【典例】 [2010·福建] 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 模块 7 │ 题型探究 模块 7 │ 题型探究 注意： 1．根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯； 2．开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数； 3．文中不能出现考生的具体信息； 4．词数：120左右。 参考词汇：短缺shortage；资源resource 模块 7 │ 题型探究 Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Good_morning. I’m_Li_Hua_from_Fujian，China.It’s_my_great_honor_to_be_here_to_say_something_about_the_global_water_shortage_ and_ways_of_dealing_with_it.________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you. 模块 7 │ 题型探究 【参考范文】
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
Good_morning.I’m_Li_Hua_from_Fujian，China.It’s_my_great_honor_to_be_here_to_say_something_about_the_global_water_shortage_and_ways_of_dealing_with_it.____________________
As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, it’s high time we did something about it. 模块 7 │ 题型探究
Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Last but not least, it’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. 模块 7 │ 题型探究
In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That’s all. Thank you. 模块 7 │ 题型探究 ? 探究点三 图表型
图表作文是高考英语作文考查较多的一种题型。图表类作文有表格、饼形图、曲线图、折线图等多种形式。要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论，比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看，主要有记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是夹叙夹议文。时态一般用一般现在时。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
写图表作文时，一定要理解图表的内容，弄清图表中相关信息间的联系。如：如果涉及数据的话，不能只是单纯地列出数据，那样是枯燥无味的，应该仔细分析数据之间有什么样的联系，比如有的数据之间可能存在倍数关系等；然后再分析这些数据说明的问题。另外，写作时要处理好重点与次重点的关系，而不能没有主题。 模块 7 │ 题型探究
在具体的布局谋篇中可以采用三段式的结构：
第一段：开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure; describe, tell, show, represent等，经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph…/As is shown in the table…/It can be seen from the table that…It can be concluded from the graph that…/Compared with…/According to the survey, about… 模块 7 │ 题型探究
第二段：中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意，切忌反复使用同一句型，忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：
快速上升：rise, increase; go up; sharply; rapidly; quickly; dramatically
缓慢下降：decrease; reduce; come down; decline; drop; fall slowly/gradually