专题 五 │ 真题再现
It was not until he came back 考查强调句。not until的强调结构为:It is/ was + not until 从句 + that…
7.Little______________(她在乎)her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (care)
did she care about 考查倒装结构。否定词位于句首时,句子用部分倒装结构。
专题 五 │ 真题再现
8.New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only ______________(节省了老师们的精力), but students became more interested in the lessons. (save)
was teachers’ energy saved 考查倒装结构。否定词位于句首时,句子用部分倒装结构。
专题预测 专题 五 │ 专题预测
1.______________(再过半年), and it’ll be time for us to take the college entrance exam. (another)
Another half a year 考查句式。这里用“祈使句+and+一般将来时”结构,前面的祈使句可用名词(短语)代替。
2.______________(从山顶看), and you can get a full view of the city.
See from the top of the mountain 考查句式。句中有连词and,因此空格处不能用非谓语动词,而是用祈使句。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
3.______________(多么有趣的角色)she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (role)
What an interesting role/How interesting the role
4.Jim,____________(务必安静)for the moment—the teacher is looking our way. (be)
do be quiet
专题 五 │ 专题预测
5.Tom, you’d better watch out—______________(别靠得太近) the house. Its roof is under repair now and you may get hurt standing below. (get)
Don’t get too close to 这里用get close to表示“靠近”,从题干看,本题用祈使句表示劝告。
6.Only when the villagers were faced with water shortage did they realize__________________(污染问题有多么严重).
how serious the problem of pollution was 考查宾语从句和一般过去时。这里宾语从句使用感叹句形式,用how表示“多么”。
专题 五 │ 专题预测
7.Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else in the world ______________(你能找到)more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. (find)
can you find 考查倒装句结构,这里否定副词放在句首,因此用部分倒装形式。
8.I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________(我意识到)the importance of studies. (realize)
did I realize 当only+主语之外的句子成分放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装形式,这里用一般过去时。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
9.Not until I had arrived home____________(我记起)my appointment with Michael Smith. (remember)
did I remember 当not until引导状语放在句首时,主句用部分倒装形式,这里用一般过去时。
10.I have no idea which team will win the game,______________(我也不关心). After all, my enthusiasm for Chinese football has long faded. (concerned)
nor am I concerned about it 考查倒装句和固定搭配。这里用nor+倒装句表示“不……”,用be concerned about表示“关心”。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
11.Michael Jackson has died, but never______________(他的音乐被遗忘) by the world. (forget)
will his music be forgotten
12.On your way to the airport, you’ll see that along the road______________(有很多新建的建筑物). (stand)
stand many newly-built buildings 专题 五 │ 专题预测
13.Scarcely ______________(我把门打开)when he rushed into the office out of breath. (open)
had I opened the door 本题考查倒装句和过去完成时。
14.______________(她想到)she might have left the necklace somewhere on the way home.
(occur)
It occurred to her that 考查固定句式。这里用it occurs to sb. that表示“某人想到”。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
15.It is only when the stress gets out of control ________(会引起) poor performance and ill health. (lead)
that it can lead to 考查强调句结构和动词短语搭配。“引起”是lead to。
16.It was 10 o’clock in the morning______________(他回到家) drunk. (return)
when he returned home 从语境看,空格处不是强调句,而是when引导的时间状语从句。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
17.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area____________(需要修理).(need)
need repairing/to be repaired 本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。分数、百分数修饰名词,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,此处two-thirds修饰buildings,故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings;need doing=need to be done意为“需要被做”。
18.Professor Smith, along with his assistants,________(研究这个项目)day and night to meet the deadline. (work) 专题 五 │ 专题预测
is working on the project 考查主谓一致与动词时态。真正的主语是Professor Smith,由day and night可知用现在进行时。
19.Only when all the new houses are completed __________________(他们才能搬进去). (able)
will they be able to move in 考查倒装句、一般将来时和动词短语。当only+状语放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构,这里用一般将来时,“搬进去”是move in。 专题 五 │ 专题预测
20.—I can’t find Xiao Ming. Where did you see him this morning?
—It was in the library________(你去过). He was returning some books at the time. (visit)
that you visited 专题六 虚拟语气与
情态动词 专题 六 │虚拟语气与情态动词 专题导读 专题 六 │ 专题导读
情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。从近几年湖北完成句子题型来看,高考英语完成句子题对情态动词的考查主要题型涉及常见情态动词的基本用法,特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子题型对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气:宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用,交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气,含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气,以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。 专题 六 │ 专题导读 做好虚拟语气,除了掌握基本的结构外,还要注意句子所表达的意义与现在、过去,还是将来事实相反,看清时间状语,另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。 真题再现 专题 六 │ 真题再现
1.[2010·湖北] Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)
(should) be discussed
2.[2010·湖北] It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________(不可能做到)because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
专题 六 │ 真题再现
can’t/couldn’t have done it/so/this/that 考查情态动词。当要对过去情况进行否定的推测时,要用 “can’t/couldn’t+have+done”结构。
3.[2009·湖北] After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that ______________(它着陆)as scheduled the next day. (land)
it (should) land
4.[2008·湖北] I feel so sick. I wish Mum______________(没有逼我)to eat so much. (force) 专题 六 │ 真题再现
hadn’t forced me
5.[2008·湖北] He believes that children ______________(应允许……学习)at their own pace. (allow)
should (ought to) be allowed to learn (study) 考查情态动词的用法和非谓语动词。
6.[2007·湖北] He looks sleepy. He must______________(熬夜了)last night, writing the essay. (stay)
专题 六 │ 真题再现
have stayed up 考查情态动词表推测。注意题目中的时间提示,是对过去的推测,must have done表示对过去事件的肯定推测。
7.[2007·湖北] It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he______________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (hand)
may/might have had a hand 表示“可能性”应用may/ might;由于是对过去情况的推测,动词应该使用完成式;表示“参与”应用动词短语have a hand in。 专题 六 │ 真题再现
8.Jack described his father,______________(他一定是)a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. (be)
who must have been 考查情态动词表推测的用法。用must have been表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
9.I______________ (本来不应该看那场电影)—it’ll give me horrible dreams. (watch)
shouldn’t have watched that movie/film 考查情态动词的用法。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done。 专题 六 │ 真题再现
10.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ______________(节省).(save)
would have been saved 考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气,从句是过去完成时, 所以主句应用“would+have done”结构。
专题预测 专题 六 │ 专题预测
1.We______________(或许还没有证明是)great adventurers,but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (prove)
may not have proved 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。may not have done 表示对过去所发生事情的不太有把握的推测,意为“或许没有做过”。
2.He________(一定完成了)his work;otherwise,he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (complete) 专题 六 │ 专题预测
must have completed 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,表示“一定……”。
3.I would rather ______________(该呆在家里)yesterday than go to see the dull film (stay)
have stayed at home 语境表示与过去实际情况相反的假设,因此用would rather have done sth。
4.Mrs. Brown, the secretary of our firm, ______________(不可能已被解雇了), for she just told me she would come back to work. (fire) 专题 六 │ 专题预测
couldn’t have been fired
5.But for his help, we______________(不会幸存下来).(survive)
wouldn’t have survived 考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从语境看,空格处表示与过去的实际情况相反的假设,用wouldn’t have done sth。
6.The bathroom has hairs on the floor from the previous guest so it couldn’t __________________(打扫过) very well. (clean)
专题 六 │ 专题预测
have been cleaned 考查情态动词表示推测的用法。从语境看,空格处表示对过去动作的判断推测,用couldn’t have done sth.,“打扫”与bathroom是动宾关系,用被动语态。
7.If we______________(会受伤) when trying to save someone, we would not be able to help. (injure)
were injured/were to be injured 考查虚拟语气。从语境和主句谓语看,空格处表示与将来的实际情况相反的假设,条件句用一般过去时或者were to do sth.。 专题 六 │ 专题预测
8.If you had done as I told you to do, this__________________(将不会发生). (happen)
would not have happened 考查与过去实际情况相反的假设,主句用would (not)have done sth.。
9.I can’t find my key. It ______________(肯定被丢在)in my office. (leave)
must have been left 考查“情态动词+完成式”。语境表示“肯定某事已经发生”,用must have done sth.。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
10.Look what mistakes I’ve made. If only I____________________.(听你的劝告). (follow)
had followed your advice 考查虚拟语气。本句是对过去情况的虚拟,if only后从句应用过去完成式。
11.It is high time that we______________(我们重视)environmental problems. (attach)
attached importance to 考查虚拟语气。It is high time that 后句子常用一般过去时。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
12.Should______________(明天下雨), our picnic plan would have to be put off. (rain)
it rain tomorrow
13.The boss insisted that every minute______________(被充分利用) to do the work well. (make)
be made full use of 主句谓语是insist,从句用(should+)动词原形的虚拟语气。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
14.It is strongly recommended__________________(你更新你的电脑) regularly according to the instructions. (update)
that you update your computer/have your computer updated 考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是recommend时,从句用虚拟语气:(should+)动词原形。
15.—Do you think he is lazy?
—I__________________(可能这样想过)once, but I don’t now. (think)
may/might have thought so 这里用may/might表示不肯定的语气,接完成式表示过去的动作。
专题 六 │ 专题预测
16.Even as the trip was drawing to an end, little Tom was still full of energy, as if__________________(旅游刚开始). (begin)
the trip had just begun 从语境看,这里as if引导的方式状语从句用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的假设,要用虚拟语气。 专题 三 │ 专题预测
hoping to be admitted 两个动词连用时,第二个动词如果没有连词连接就应该用非谓语动词形式,这里用现在分词作伴随状语。
3.With something urgent________(要处理), the general manager hurried back to his office early in the morning. (attend)
to attend to 考查(独立主格)和动词短语。这里用with+名词+不定式表示没有发生的动作,“处理”是attend to。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
4.No wonder he blamed you. With so much work________(要完成), you shouldn’t have gone to the cinema last night. (finish)
to finish 考查独立主格结构。这里用with+名词+不定式表示没有发生的动作。
5.I’m really sorry ________(伤害你), Tom. I didn’t mean to, but I was really annoyed at the result. (hurt)
to have hurt you 考查不定式的完成式。从语境看,“伤害”的动作发生在抱歉之前,应该用不定式的完成式 专题 三 │ 专题预测
6.When______________(比较不同的文化), we should pay as much attention to the similarities as to the differences. (compare)
comparing different cultures 考查现在分词作状语。本句的动词compare与句子主语是主谓关系,应该用现在分词作状语。
7.Three days later, he received a letter______________(邀请他教书) at a local university. (invite)
inviting him to teach 考查现在分词短语作后置定语。 专题 三 │ 专题预测
8.____________(得到告诫)of possible rainstorm at hand, they decided to stay home for the holiday. (warn )
Having been warned 考查现在分词完成式的被动形式。表示先于谓语动词发生的动作和被动含义。
9.I have set up a newspaper and will ask all my friends____________(投稿). (contribute)
to contribute to it
专题 三 │ 专题预测
10.____________(长大) in a poor family made Jack very hardworking when he was still young. (bring)
Being brought up 考查动名词的被形式作主语和动词短语。空格处在句中作主语表被动,应该用bring up的动名词的被动形式。
11.On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card____________(附在上面), saying “Happy birthday!” (attach)
attached to it 考查独立主格结构和动词短语。这里用“with+名词+过去分词”,用attach…to表示“附属,使依附”。
专题 三 │ 专题预测
12.______________(和其他同学比较) in my class, in my opinion, Tom is the most satisfying for the post. (compare)
Compared with the other students 考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。从语境看,这里用compare…with,句子主语与compare是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作状语。
13.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions______________(需要改善). (improve) 专题 三 │ 专题预测
need to be improved/improving 考查不定式的被动形式作宾语或动名词作宾语。这里用sth. need(s) to be done/doing结构表示某事需要做。
14.He doesn’t like the idea of speaking in public as he is afraid of____________(被嘲笑)for his strong accent. (fun)
being made fun of 考查动名词的被动形式作宾语和动词搭配。从语境看,这里用动名词作介词宾语,并注意用被动,make fun of表示“嘲笑”。
15.Take an umbrella with you, Tom. You can’t risk ______________(被困)a rain again. (catch)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
being caught in 考查动名词的被动形式作宾语和动词短语。这里用be caught in表示“被困”,risk只能接动名词作宾语。
16.The principals discussed the regulations they’d like to see ________ (被实施) the next term. ( carry )
carried out 考查过去分词作宾补和动词短语。这里用see sth. done和动词短语carry sth. out。
17.______________(在国外长大), he couldn’t speak Chinese well. (bring)
专题 三 │ 专题预测
Brought up abroad 考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。这里用bring up表示“抚养”,用过去分词作状语表原因。
18.Jenny sat motionless, listening to the teacher with her mind______________(想其他事). (focus)
focused on something else 考查独立主格结构和动词短语。这里提示词是focus,用focus one’s mind on sth.,因此空格处用过去分词。 专题 三 │ 专题预测
19.With______________(学生们坐下)in the hall, the visiting professor delivered an impressive speech on the art of language. (seat)
(all) the students seated 考查独立主格结构。这里动词seat表示“坐下”用be seated,因此用过去分词构成独立主格结构。
20.They soon realized that, unless carefully________(处理), the situation would be even worse. (deal)
dealt with 考查过去分词作状语和动词短语。这里unless接过去分词作状语表示被动含义,“处理”是deal with。
专题四 形容词、副词的
常用结构 专题四 │形容词、副词的常用结构 专题导读 专题 四 │ 专题导读
完成句子对形容词、副词的考查主要侧重于形容词、副词的句式表达和词序问题等方面,同时涉及代词与副词等的应用,侧重点突出,一年一个考点。2007年考查形容词倍数比较的表达,2008年考查形容词最高级,2009年则考查形容词比较句式“否定词+比较级”结构。在最后阶段的复习中,要注意归纳总结形容词和副词的常见句型以及语法结构比较特殊的表达。 真题再现 专题 四 │ 真题再现
1.[2009·湖北] At the award ceremony, Mr.Jackson said, “for me, there has been________(没有更大的回报)than your support.” (great)
no greater reward/no reward greater 考查形容词比较级的用法。这里用“否定词+比较级”表示“没有比……更……”,形容词greater可放在所修饰的名词前,也可放在后面与比较状语从句连在一起。 专题 四 │ 真题再现
2.[2008·湖北] ______________(最长的三条河流)in the world are the Niles, the Amazon, and the Changjiang River. (long)
The three longest rivers 考查形容词的最高级。这里用“定冠词+数词+形容词的最高级+名词”来表达。
3.[2007·湖北] The factory’s output of cars this year is______________(大约是去年的三倍).(as,great)
about three times as great as that of last year 专题 四 │ 真题再现
4.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime ____________(更有可能) put on weight.(likely)
are more likely to 考查比较结构。be more likely to(do sth)意为“更有可能(做某事)”。
5.With the help of the high technology, this year the factory has produced ______________(两倍多的汽车) it did last year.(as)
twice as many cars as 考查倍数与同级比较结构。“倍数+ as…as”是一个常用的固定表达。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
6.Mr.Smith won ______________(两倍的奖杯)in 2006 as the year before. (medal)
twice as many medals
7.The loss of water and soil is ______________(最严重)in this area. (serious)
the most serious 考查形容词的最高级。 专题 四 │ 真题再现
8.With the rapid development of agriculture and industry, now the city is ______________(两倍大)what it was ten years ago .(size)
twice the size of 考查倍数的表达。“倍数+ the size (weight, length, depth…) + of”是一个常用倍数表达结构。
9.I’m not surprised that she has ______________(如此甜美的声音)as her mother. (sweet)
so sweet a voice 考查“so+ adj.+ (a/an) +名词”结构。
专题 四 │ 真题再现
10.In recent years travel agencies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,______________(我们的假日就越好).(holiday)
the better our holiday will be 考查固定句型“the+比较级…the+比较级” 结构。 专题预测 专题 四 │ 专题预测
1.My command of French is______________(不及一半好) as yours. (good)
not half as/so good 考查形容词原级比较。从题干的as看,这里用形容词原级的否定形式not as/so…as,将分数词放在原级比较结构的前面。
2.Modest and____________ (平易近人), he soon put everyone completely at ease. (approach)
easy to approach
专题 四 │ 专题预测
3.The new street is 10 miles long, almost ______________(三倍长) what it used to be. (length)
three times the length of 考查倍数表达。提示词是名词length,因此这里用“倍数词+the+名词(size/length…)+……”。
4.The____________(越不紧张) the learners, the better their language acquisition. (anxious)
less anxious 考查形容词比较句式。从语境看,本题用the+比较级,the+比较级结构表示“越……就越……”。 专题 四 │ 专题预测
5.It’s______________(你很愚蠢) be involved in the trouble. (silly)
silly of you to 考查形容词句式。从语境看,这里用be+性格形容词+of sb. to do sth.表示某人做某事具有某特点,注意这里的形容词表示人的内在素质,如:silly/foolish/nice/kind等,用of而不用for。
6.Abraham Lincoln was considered______________(最伟大的总统之一)in American history. (great)
one of the greatest presidents 考查形容词最高级的句式。这里用one of+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”。
专题 四 │ 专题预测
7.With professor Zhu’s new seeds, the peasants have produced ____________(从前稻米的三倍). (as)
three times as much rice as before 考查形容词倍数比较句式。
8.________(找不到它),he decided to set sail for New Zealand for another try.
(unable)
Unable to find it 考查形容词短语作状语。 专题 四 │ 专题预测
9.________(担心) the safety of people in the earthquake-stricken areas, Premier Wen didn’t go to sleep deep into the night. (worry)
Worried about
10.The children whose mothers use heroin are often born ________ (上瘾) the drug. (addict)
addicted to
专题 四 │ 专题预测
11.The new schoolyard is______________(三倍) the old one. (size)
three times the size of 考查倍数表达。
12.The more we get together, ______________(我们就越高兴).
(happy)
the happier we’ll be/ feel 考查“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。 专题 四 │ 专题预测
13.Having introduced the advanced scientific methods, the factory turned out______________(多达四倍) machines in 2009 as a year ago.
four times as many
14.Many people in the west say that Chinese is______________(最难学习的语言之一).
(difficult)
one of the most difficult languages to learn/study “最难的……之一”是one of the most difficult…,后面接不定式作定语。 专题 四 │ 专题预测
15.Much to my disappointment, I find that____________(我们很难) to carry on a conversation with all this noise around. (hard)
it is hard for us 不定式的复合结构和句式。这里的宾语从句用it be+形容词+for sb. to do sth.。
16.The survey has found that the number of people fond of watching TV is______________ (多两倍) that of those who enjoy reading. (large)
three times as large as/twice larger than 专题 四 │ 专题预测
17.I hope you are not only happy with what you have seen but also______________(有了更好的了解) the culture and people in the Hutong area. (understanding)
get/have a better understanding of 这里用get/have a better understanding of sth.表示“对……有更好的了解”。 专题五 特殊句式与
主谓一致 专题 五 │特殊句式与主谓一致 专题导读 专题 五 │ 专题导读
这里的“特殊句式”包括强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句和反意疑问句等。从近年来的高考试题看,特殊句式和主谓一致并不是考查的重要知识点,但会作为附属考查点出现,这种交叉性的考查加大了综合考查语法的力度;同时由于命题测试点习惯迁移的规律,该部分内容仍旧不可小觑。 真题再现 专题 五 │ 真题再现
1.[2008·湖北] Seldom______________(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college. (play)
have they played 考查倒装和现在完成时。否定副词如seldom/never/hardly等放在句首时,该句要用倒装句结构,另外,由句中的since从句看,这里应该用现在完成时。
2.[2008·湖北] It is your efforts, not your intelligence,______________(决定)your success. (determine)
that determine 专题 五 │ 真题再现
3.[2007·湖北] Not only______________(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.
(give)
will help be given to 本题考查倒装句、被动语态和一般将来时。当not only…but also结构的not only修饰主语之外的句子成分并且放在句首时,该句要用倒装句结构;再考虑本句的“帮助”没有动作的发出者,因此用被动语态;最后结合语境看,后面并列句使用了一般将来时,因此前面一句也应该用一般将来时。
4.John opened the door. There ______________(站着一个女孩) he had never seen before. (stand)
专题 五 │ 真题再现
stood a girl here, there等副词位于句首,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装结构。
5.Not until he left his home ______________(他开始)to know how important the family was for him. (begin)
did he begin 考查倒装结构。not until位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构。
6.__________________(直到他回来)from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry. (until)
专题 一 │ 专题预测
9.Tom, you ______________(总在撒谎)to us. It’s really a bad habit. (always)
are always telling lies
10.—The dinner is delicious! I’m so full.
—But some dessert ________(已经点了). (order)
has been ordered 一些点心已经点了,还没端上桌子,用现在完成时的被动语态。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
11.As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when__________________(开会). (hold)
the meeting will be held
12.This afternoon______________(我收到一封信)from my uncle Tom, saying that he would drop in on me in two days. (arrive)
a letter for me arrived 考查一般过去时。从提示词看,这里用a letter for me arrived表示“给我的一封信到了”,用一般过去时。 专题 一 │ 专题预测
13.I feel quite upset—my brother __________________(一直没有给我写信) since he went to Britain three months ago. (line)
hasn’t dropped me a line 考查现在完成时和动词短语,从提示词看,“写信”用drop sb. a line。
14.Although he______________(住在伦敦) for a long time, he didn’t regret his decision to return to his own country. (stay)
stayed in London 考查一般过去时。句中有延续性时间状语,但这表示与现在没有任何关联的过去动作,用一般过去时。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
15.I will come back at ten, and by that time the guests we have invited________(已经来了). (come)
will have come
16.I am told that a number of my classmates______________(去旅行) to Beijing tomorrow. (take)
are taking a trip/will take a trip 专题 一 │ 专题预测
17.One more moment, Tom. When I________(卖完)the newspapers, I will go with you to the cafe. (sell)
sell out
18.The habitat(栖息地) of the species ____________(正遭到破坏)and the species are dying out. (destroy)
is being destroyed 动词destroy表示“破坏,毁灭”,从语境的提示看,这里用现在进行时的被动语态is being destroyed。 专题 一 │ 专题预测
19.The forest is disappearing fast as many people________ (砍伐树木)and using the land for farming. (cut)
are cutting down the trees 考查现在进行时和动词短语搭配。“砍伐”用cut down,这里用现在进行时。
20.What you should keep in mind is that what you have learned in this course________(将会塑造你们的生活) in the future. (shape)
will shape your life 考查一般将来时。这里shape用作动词表示“塑造”,用一般将来时。
专题二 各种从句 专题 二 │各种从句 专题导读 专题 二 │ 专题导读
这里所说的从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,状语从句和定语从句。与多项选择题不同,湖北卷完成句子题型对从句的考查非常复杂,它不单纯考查连接词,还涉及谓语动词的时态语态以及词的搭配。试题一般不给出连接词,而是把连接词也作为考查的测试点之一。因此考查的综合性强,难度也比较大。回顾近四年的高考试题,各种从句的考查几乎全都涉及到。考生答题时要善于结合语境,正确判断各种从句以及相对应的连接词,并能兼顾其他知识进行综合考虑,这是至关重要的。 真题再现 专题 二 │ 真题再现
1.[2010·湖北]
________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
As we have stressed
2.[2010·湖北] My mother was so proud of all ______________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 专题 二 │ 真题再现
(that) I had done 考查定语从句。先行词是 “all”等不定代词的时候,定语从句只能由 “that”引导,又因为主句是一般过去时,“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情,所以要用过去完成时。
3.[2010·湖北] The news ______________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
that house prices will fall 考查同位语从句。
专题 二 │ 真题再现
4.Such knowledge is still useful ________(当应用) to similar situations in other countries. (when)
when (it is) applied
5.As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________(需要什么)to start a business here.(take)
what it takes
专题 二 │ 真题再现
6.It is uncertain ______________(这种药物会带来什么样的副作用), although about two thousand patients have taken it. (bring)
what side effect the medicine will bring about 本题考查主语从句。第一步,写出短语bring about, what side effect; 第二步,根据句意确立时态为一般将来时。最后写出答案。
7.The city______________(我成长的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow) 专题 二 │ 真题再现
in which/where I grew up 考查定语从句和一般过去时。本题的解题难点在于判断定语从句的连词。这里用in which或where引导定语从句,连词在定语从句中作地点状语。
8.Today, we will begin ________(我们昨天结束的地方)so that no point will be left out. (stop)
where we stopped yesterday 考查状语从句。用where 引导地点状语从句。
9.The newly built café, the walls of______________(漆成淡绿色), is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (paint) 专题 二 │ 真题再现
which are painted light green 考查“介词+ 关系代词”型的定语从句。由句式确立为定语从句,此处用which指代café,根据句意写出短语be painted light green,最后形成答案。
10.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______________(离开村子里的家)for a better life in the city. (leave)
whom left their village homes 考查“介词+ 关系代词”型的定语从句以及一般过去时。此处用whom指代nearly 1,000 people,根据句意写出短语leave their village homes,最后形成答案。 专题预测 专题 二 │ 专题预测
1.______________(不管你给我什么样的礼物), it means you have thought of me. (whichever)
Whichever gift you give me 本句中whichever相当于no matter which,引导让步状语从句。
2.Such was the force of the explosion__________________(所有的窗户都被震碎了).(break)
that all the windows were broken 本题是such…that引导的结果状语从句。
专题 二 │ 专题预测
3.Children should be encouraged to explore ______________(任何感到好奇的事情).(whatever)
whatever they are curious about 本题是whatever引导的宾语从句。
4.Hearing the sound, he stood up and looked in the direction______________(它来的). (come)
where it came from
专题 二 │ 专题预测
5.I find that I can’t tear myself away from the two books. ______________(他们的共同之处)is that they are both entertaining and instructive, telling us how to deal with stress problems. (have)
What they have in common 考查主语从句和短语搭配。这里用what引导主语从句,have sth. in common表示“有相同的地方”。
6.It has been ten years since he ______________(参军).
(join)
joined the army 从句意看,这里用since引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
7.Could you please tell me______________(我如何处理) the naughty children? ( attend)
how I will attend to 用how引导宾语从句表示方式,“处理”用attend to。
8.______________(不管我多么努力) to read it, I still couldn’t figure out what the article was about. (try)
No matter how/However hard I tried 考查让步状语从句和一般过去时。这里用no matter how hard或however hard引导让步状语从句表示“无论如何”。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
9.Tom, don’t you realize that is______________(你的错误所在)? (be)
where your mistake is
10.While I agree with most of what you said, I don’t agree with your viewpoint______________(这个实验失败了). (failure)
that the experiment is a failure 考查同位语从句。这里用that引导同位语从句指前面提到的viewpoint的具体内容。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
11.____________(正如你知道的那样), your grades are failing. You should spend less time on the baseball field and more on your subjects. (know)
As you know
12.The boy,______________(家庭贫穷), has to spend almost an hour walking to his school every morning. (poor)
whose family is poor 从语境看, 用whose引导定语从句。“家里很穷”,谓语用单数形式。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
13.Mrs. Black took the police back to the same place____________(她目睹了)the robbery. (witness)
where she had witnessed 从题干看,这里用where引导定语从句,连词在从句中作地点状语,用过去完成时表示先于主句发生的动作。
14.The experience, I’m sure, will make a good memory and may even change__________________(你看待生活的方式).
(think)
the way (that/in which) you think about life
专题 二 │ 专题预测
15.I suggest that you consider our opinions carefully____________(在你做决定之前)on anything. (decide)
before you decide
16.____________(至于)traffic rules, I often come across such cases where the local drivers obviously know them but won’t follow them. (come)
When it comes to 表示“至于,谈到”用when it comes to,用when引导时间状语从句。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
17.The matter has reached a point ______________(双方不得 )go to court. (have)
where the two sides will have to 定语从句的先行词是point、situation、case、position,且关系词在从句中作状语时,用where引导定语从句。
18.______________(会议已经推迟)till next Monday is informed on the board.(put)
That the meeting has been put off 考查主语从句、动词短语、现在完成时的被动语态。 专题 二 │ 专题预测
19.The old man said that if ______________(他们所做的是对的), he would help them. (right)
what they did was right
20.Some people have told me that once you enter the university, you will be free to study__________________(你感兴趣的任何东西). (whatever)
whatever you are interested in 考查宾语从句。给出了提示词whatever,这无疑降低了本题的难度,用whatever引导宾语从句表示“无论什么”。
专题三 非谓语动词 专题 三 │非谓语动词 专题导读 专题 三 │ 专题导读
非谓语动词以其形式多样、结构复杂、内涵丰富、功能较多而成为高中英语教学的重点和难点,同时也是历届高考的重点测试项目。从近几年湖北高考英语完成句子的试题看,对非谓语动词的考查立意较低,强调对非谓语动词基本概念、基本结构及其基本功能的考查。一般来说,重复考查同一概念的几率较小,所以复习时要善于分析知识的盲区,并进行针对性的训练,以提高学习的有效性。 真题再现 专题 三 │ 真题再现
1.[2010·湖北] ______________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)
Not being able to use/Being unable to use
2.[2010·湖北] After she completes the project, she’ll have ______________(没什么要担心的). (worry)
nothing to worry about 考查不定式作后置定语。动词
“worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成逻辑上动宾关系,由于 “worry” 是不及物动词,后面须加上介词“about” 。 专题 三 │ 真题再现
3.[2010·湖北] ________(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
Painted/Having been painted
4.[2009·湖北] When you are finished with the electric iron, don’t forget______________(关掉它). (turn)
to turn it off 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth.意为“记着要去做”;“关掉”是turn sth. off;并且要注意代词的用法。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
5.[2009·湖北] ______________(获得奖学金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states. (win)
Winning a scholarship 考查动名词作主语。“获得奖学金”是win a scholarship。
6.[2008·湖北] —You’d better go and______________(把你的轿车洗洗).
—No, I ’ll do it myself. (wash)
have/get your car washed 考查have sth.done结构。注意分析题意,这里的提示表示“让别人做某事”,应该用have sth. done结构,用过去分词作宾补。
专题 三 │ 真题再现
7.[2007·湖北] They sat together around the table, with ______________(门关着).(shut)
the door shut 考查独立主格结构。从语境看,是with+名词/代词+非谓语动词的独立主格结构,名词the door与“关着”是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词。
8.______________(靠近市中心时), we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (approach)
Approaching the city center 专题 三 │ 真题再现
9.So far nobody has claimed the money______________(在图书馆发现的).(discover)
(which was) discovered in the library 考查非谓语动词。the money与discover是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。本题也可以写成定语从句。
10.The lawyer listened with full attention,______________(尽力不错过)any point. (try)
trying not to miss 考查现在分词短语作伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作,故用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。又因动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not。所以答案为trying not to miss。 专题预测 专题 三 │ 专题预测
1.Helen had to shout ______________ (使人们听到她的话) above the music at yesterday’s party. (herself)
to make herself heard 考查非谓语动词和动词搭配。这里用make+宾语+过去分词表被动。
2.As a senior 3 student, every one of us is studying as hard as he can, ______________ (希望被录取)to a good college. (admit) 专题一 动词的时态与语态 专题二
各种从句 专题三
非谓语动词 专题四
形容词、副词的常用结构 专题五
特殊句式与主谓一致 专题六
虚拟语气与情态动词 模块 4 完成句子
模块 4 完成句子
考纲解读 模块 4 │考纲解读
湖北高考英语科《考试说明》指出,完成句子这一题型测试的重点是英语语言知识的综合运用,注重考查学生运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力;2009年湖北高考英语科《补充说明》又指出,该部分“测试考生准确使用英语语法、词汇进行书面表达的能力”; 在试题的排列形式上,完成句子是书面表达部分的第一节,也即书面表达的前奏曲。由此 模块 4 │考纲解读 可见,完成句子像书面表达一样是在考查学生运用英语语言表达的能力。该题型既考查英语语法知识,又兼顾词类的搭配和句型的变化,既考查了学生的综合语言运用能力,又能在科学的评分标准框架下区分不同层次的学生,对于引导学生更加注重对英语基础知识的掌握有很好的导向作用。
命题特点 模块 4 │ 命题特点
1.命题策略
在具体的语景中,考查英语语言知识的综合运用,强调语言知识和语法知识的纵横搭配,凸显“语言+语法+语境”三位一体的命题理念。测试方式由显性的选择性测试演变成隐性的写作性测试。加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用,更好地体现了语言的交际性原则。并以此为基点,考查考生的语言输出能力,即综合运用语言语法知识的能力。 模块 4 │ 命题特点
2.命题方式
每道题在一句话中留出空白,要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。使用给定词的约束来决定答案的唯一性或尽可能单一性,避免多样性和复杂化,以增加阅卷的便利性。 模块 4 │ 命题特点
3.命题范围
根据近四年的高考试题来看,试题以考查语法为主,考点迁移转换快、辐射面广,一年一个侧重点,内容涉及到高中阶段《考纲》要求掌握的所有重点语法项目。比如:2007年考查了独立主格结构、情态动词等; 2008年考查了形容词最高级、倒装句和现在完成时等;2009年考查了动名词作主语、虚拟语气等;2010年考查了同位语从句、非限制性定语从句等。 模块 4 │ 命题特点
4.题干特点
试题的题干较长、语境丰富。2010年10道题的词数几乎全部超出了10个词,其中第79题的词数超出了20个。试题的材料来源丰富多彩,语境氛围浓厚,题目的选材设计极富真实性、时代性和交际性。比如:2008年第40题关于5.12汶川大地震后的抗震救灾,很有时代感;2010年第74题关于房价下跌,是关注民生的话题。 模块 4 │ 命题特点
5.答案特点
根据近3年湖北完成句子题型看,该题的答案由三个明显特征:第一,词控性。几乎80%的答案词数都控制在4个或4个词以内,只有2~3个题会达到5~7个词。第二,唯一性。为了阅卷的便利,答案的设置越来越精巧,答案的唯一性也越来越强。第三,集中性。随着该题型的日趋完善,答案的命题越来越科学。一道题中综合考查多个语法和词汇知识的题目越来越少,一般情况下都是一个题目凸显一项重要的语法概念,多点考查的现象越来越淡化。 应试点睛 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
完成句子涉及的考点广泛,既包含对语法知识的考查,又包含对语言知识的考查,还有对考生逻辑思维能力和翻译能力的综合考查。因此,学习时要从下面几个方面着手完成句子的备考: 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
一、强化语法概念,积累知识储备
正如前面分析到的那样,完成句子的题型其实是加强和升华了语法知识在具体语境中的运用。因此,在专题复习中,要加强对重要语法项目的学习,尤其是时态语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、比较结构、倒装和虚拟语气等主要语法项目,弄清基本概念,掌握基本规律,积累牢固扎实的知识,并且要以完成句子的形式进行科学规范的训练。 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
二、树立结构意识,规范答题步骤
即要把分析句子结构、分析句子成分的思想运用到“完成句子”中来。“完成句子”考查的对象一般是一个短语、某个词的固定搭配、习惯用语或特殊句型。这些无不和句子结构息息相关。具体说来要从以下几个解题步骤入手: 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
1.通读句子,找出考点
考生在通读句子后,迅速地捕捉到句子大意并根据提示词确定考题的信息点是非常关健的。如:________(我们将如何制定这项计划)has been explained early by the teacher.(plan)。从句子结构来看,这里要补充一个主语,即主语从句;而提示词plan和“制定计划”让我们获取短语make/work out a plan…所以,该题考查的测试点包括:(1)名词性从句的用法;(2)plan的固定搭配。最后形成答案:How we will make/work out the plan。 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
2.写出考点,适当筛选
英语课作为一门语言课,一种交际工具,它的功能在于它的应用性和实践性;英语词汇作为一种语言符号,同样的符号会有不同的表现形式或者构成不同的搭配。比如,All our supply of food________(已用完) (run). 首先,表示“用完”并且和run搭配的词组有run out,
run out of,通过筛选,选择符合语境的最佳结构是run out;然后结合时态和语态确立正确答案为has run out… 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
3.发散思维,完成句子
发散思维是和聚合思维或单一思维相对应的。它从心理学角度引导我们要从尽可能多的角度、百花齐放式地思考问题,以达到全面而准确地解答问题的目的。把它引用到完成句子中是很有必要的。一道完成句子题正确答案的得出是要经过多个过程的,而每一个过程之间又是紧密联系的,忽视其中任何一个环节都将带来前功尽弃的后果。如:[2010·湖北] ________(不会用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)解答此题要经过以下步骤:第一步,分 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
析句子结构,判断句子成分——缺少主语;第二步,根据提示词得出考点短语——be (not) able to/ be unable to;第三步,根据语法知识确立正确答案:Not being able to use/ Being unable to use。我们经常会看到这种情形:很多考生10道题都做了,但是得分不多。究其原因不是一无所知,而是思维狭窄、单一,以致疏忽大意而顾此失彼,环环扣分。一个人的思维方式的形成是和良好的行为习惯是分不开的。因此,考生要早日养成细致而周密的发散思维习惯。多做一些相关练习以提高多角度思考问题和解决问题的能力。 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
4.查漏补缺,不忘检查
俗话说:智者千虑,必有一失。 况且完成句子还有严格的评分标准。因此,答案确立后一定要细心检查,缜密考虑。建议从以下几个方面进行检查:
(1)语法完整。在英语学习中,语法知识是熟练运用英语语言的关键,是考生提高基本技能的基石。
在完成句子这一题型中,语法考点主要覆盖以下内容:主谓一致;时态语态;非谓语动词;名词性从句;定语从句;状语从句;动词的过去式与过去分词;倒装句;情态动词 +完成时的用法;以及形容词和副词的比较级等。检查时注意主谓一致问题,时态语态问题,指代问题,助动词误用或乱用问题。 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
(2)结构完整。完整的结构包括完整的句子结构和正确的习惯搭配。考点中的句子结构会涉及到强调句、感叹句、倒装句、There be句型,动词+宾语+宾补,祈使句,比较级的句子结构和系表结构等。而习惯搭配则需要考生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
(3) 意义完整。完整的意义强调所填之词在句意逻辑上的合理性,所用的英文词形词性及搭配与汉语提示相吻合。避免句法、词法错误。句法主要包括主、谓、宾的关系问题。词法主要包括词形误用、词性混用、词义乱用、搭配不当以及冠词问题等等。
(4) 情景完整。完整的情景要求考生在预测语言情境的前提下选用最佳的语法形式和最佳的词汇搭配。 模块 4 │ 应试点睛
(5)书写正确。书写错误包括错词、别词、误写等,因此建议答题时不要连笔,书写应仔细、工整、清楚、悦目。最后还应该有一个核对过程,确保审题的严谨和思考的周密能清楚无误地体现在答题卡上。
总之,要想提高完成句子的表达能力,在日常的英语学习中一定要加强积累,注意语境,重视语法知识和句型结构的学习,并在广泛的阅读中加以领悟和实践。同时养成良好的解题习惯,形成缜密的思维习惯,细致全面,追求完美,千万不可顾此失彼。
专题一 动词的时
态与语态 专题 一 │动词的时态与语态 专题导读 专题 一 │专题导读
从近四年湖北卷的完成句子题型看,对动词时态和语态的考查一直是考查的重点和难点。试题在考查时态语态的同时,还同时兼顾其他语法内容的测试,比如各种从句、强调、倒装等,其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。复习时要牢固掌握考纲规定的八种基本时态(即:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时),并结合高考试题找出考点轨迹,作出科学合理的复习。 真题再现 专题 一 │ 真题再现
1.[2010·湖北] Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ______________(未证实)yet. (prove)
had not been proved 考查过去完成时的被动语态。结合by then以及句意“事实未被证实”,所以用被动形式。
2.[2009·湖北] If times______________(变了),have our ways of thinking changed too? (change)
have changed 专题 一 │ 真题再现
3.[2009·湖北] ______________(任何计划好了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
Whatever one has planned/Whatever has been planned 考查主语从句和现在完成时。从提示词看,这里用whatever引导主语从句;主句用了一般现在时,从动作的先后顺序看,先计划好,然后再付诸实施,因此“计划了”用现在完成时。
4.[2008·湖北] With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ______________(我的家乡会是什么样子)in ten years.(what)
专题 一 │ 真题再现
what my hometown will be/look like 考查动词短语、宾语从句和一般将来时。
5.[2008·湖北] At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine______________(正在运往)from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas.(transport)
are being transported 考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。本题需要仔细推敲句子所提供的语境,采用现在进行时的被动语态,并且主语是复数形式。 专题 一 │ 真题再现
6.[2007·湖北] The fact ______________(他失败了数次)makes him very upset. (he, fail)
that he has failed (for) several times 考查同位语从句和现在完成时。
7.The church tower which
________(修复)will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (restore)
is being restored 考查现在进行时和被动语态。restore意思为“修复”,而最后一句表明工程还未完成,因此为正在修复中。
专题 一 │ 真题再现
8.I walked slowly through the market, where people ________(销售)all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (sell)
were selling 考查过去进行时。根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”,即表示过去某时正在发生的动作。
9.—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No, I ______________(读过), so I already knew the story.(read) 专题 一 │ 真题再现
had read the book 考查过去完成时。在“knew”前已看过,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
10.Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she______________ (一直肩负)since her marriage to Father. (shoulder)
has been shouldering 考查现在完成进行时。在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成进行时。 专题预测 专题 一 │ 专题预测
1.In a room above the store, where a party______________(即将举行), some workers were busily setting the table. (hold)
was to be /was going to be/would be held
2.So far effective measures ______________(采取)by our government to reduce the effect of financial crisis. (take)
have been taken
专题 一 │ 专题预测
3.I decide to leave the company next month, where I____________(工作)for exactly three years. (work)
will have worked 语境说的是下个月,因此用将来完成时表示截止到将来某个时候的延续动作。
4.The first time I____________ (遇到他), he was working in a computer company. (come)
came across him 这里表示第一次做某事时,状语从句用一般过去时。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
5.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt______________(抵达)London to attend a meeting.(head)
will have headed for 从句by the time +一般现在时,主句用将来完成时。
6.The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident ______________(发生)yesterday. (happen)
that happened 用一般过去时与过去的时间状语呼应。
专题 一 │ 专题预测
7.He______________(写文章)for our wall-newspaper these years, and he has written about 40 articles.(write)
has been writing articles 由语境可知,这些年来他一直在写文章,应用现在完成进行时。
8.He told me to buy some bread on my way home from work, but I____________(忘了这件事). (forget)
forgot about it