16. as a result of
作为……的结果，由于
As a result of carelessness, she didn’t pass
the exam.
由于粗心，她考试没通过。
result from 由……引起 result in 导致某事，造成了 as a result 结果 The fire resulted from carelessness. 这次大火是由粗心引起的。 1. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。 ________________， all flights have had to be cancelled. 2. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。 Stress and tiredness often ________ a lack of concentration. 3. 他的懒惰导致他上学迟到。 His laziness ____________ his being late for school. His being late for school ____________ his laziness. 4. 他如此粗心，结果他丢了钱包。 He was so careless. ____________， he lost his wallet. 【答案】 1. As a result of the pilots' strike 2. result in 3. resulted in; resulted from 4. As a result 花园里种满了各种各样的花。 The garden __________ all kinds of flowers. is filled with 7. stress
n. 精神压力；物理压力
In fact, stress isn’t a bad thing as is often
supposed to be.
事实上,压力并不像人们所认为的那样
是一件坏事。
When you have an injury you start putting
stress on other parts of your body.
一旦受伤,你便会让身体的其他部位受力。 vt. 着重，强调
I must stress that we haven’t much time.
我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。
pressure作名词“压力”讲时,意义和用法基本上和stress相同。但pressure还可以指大气压、压强等。
A band of high pressure is moving across the country.
一股高气压正横越这个国家。 每个人都强调健康的重要性。
___________________________________ 2. 她不能忍受城市生活的压力。
___________________________________ Everyone stresses the importance of health.
She couldn’t stand the stress of city life. 8. alone与lonely alone可用作形容词或副词，意为“单独的”，
“独自地”。
Though I live alone, I never feel lonely.
虽然我独自居住,但是我从不感到孤独。
When he was unhappy, he liked to stay in the
classroom alone.
当他心情不好的时候,他喜欢独自呆在教室。
You can’t live on bread alone.
你不能仅靠面包维生。 而lonely的词性为形容词,意为“孤独的，寂寞
的”，同义词为lonesome,一般作表语或定语。
He has so few friends in this city that he
feels quite lonely.
他在这个城市的朋友很少,因此他感到非常
孤单。 lonely还有“荒凉的”的意思。
a lonely beach 荒凉的海滩 1. 这个孤独的孩子渴望母亲的爱抚。
The ________________ child is longing for
the caress of his mother. 2. 我独自一个人在教室。
I was ________ in the classroom. lonely / lonesome alone 9. prefer vt. 更喜欢,宁愿 prefer sth. to sth. 比起某物来,更喜欢某物 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
比起做某事来,宁愿做某事 prefer (sb.) to do sth.
宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
比起做某事来,宁愿做某事 He chose Germany, but personally I’d prefer to go to Spain. 他选择了德国,而我个人倒更喜欢去西班牙。 He said he preferred the country life to the city life. 他说城市生活和农村生活相比，他更喜欢农 村生活。 Even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 即使在假日，他也宁愿干点什么而不愿闲着。 She preferred to live with the common people. 她喜欢生活在普通人中间。 She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. 她宁愿和我们一道去，而不愿留下。 我喜欢游泳多于跑步。
_________________________________ 2. 我倒宁愿他去完成这个任务。
_________________________________ 3. 我们更愿意生活在中国。
_________________________________ 4. 我更喜欢户外活动，而不想留在室内。
_________________________________
_________________________________ I prefer swimming to running. I prefer him to finish the task. We would prefer to live in China. I prefer to have some outdoor activities rather than stay inside. 10. especially与specially
especially adv. 特别地，尤其
修饰形容词：
We are especially busy today.
我们今天特别忙。
修饰动词：
Is there anything you’d especially like?
有什么你特别喜欢的东西吗？ 注意especially的下列用法： ① 和同位语连用，意为“特别是，尤其”
I like it very much — especially the last part.
我很喜欢它，尤其是最后一部分。 ② 和状语连用
Beijing is beautiful, especially in autumn.
北京很美，尤其在秋天。 Noise is unpleasant, especially when you’re going to sleep. 噪音很烦人，特别是当你要睡觉时。 specially修饰动词,可以翻译为“专门,特意”。 These goats are specially bred for their wool. 这些山羊是专为剪取羊毛而饲养的。 11. at the moment
目前,现在(可指较短或较长的时间)
He is quite busy at the moment.
他现在很忙。 for the moment 暂时 in a moment 一会儿,立刻,马上 the moment=as soon as 一……就…… They are living in a dangerous house for the moment. 他们暂时住在一栋危房里。 He was there a moment ago. Just wait a minute; he will be back in a moment. 他刚才还在。请稍等，他马上会回来。 The moment I saw it, I knew that was what I wanted. 我一见到它就知道它是我想要的。 12. live / lead a…life 过着……的生活
Now farmers of China live a much happier
life than before.
现在,中国农民过上了比以往幸福得多的
生活。
大多数人都想过一种平静的生活。 Most of the people want to _________________. live a peaceful life
dream a…dream
做着……的梦 I dreamt a strange dream last night and it came true today. 我昨晚做了个怪梦,今天那个梦竟然成真了。 13. prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
阻止某人做某事
What can we do to prevent the disease
(from) spreading?
我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？
prevent…from…与protect…from… ①prevent…from…中的from后面只能接动词ing形
式,意为“防止……做某事”；
To prevent our muscle from getting hurt, we need
to do some warm-up before exercise.
为了防止我们的肌肉受伤,我们必须在运动前
先做热身操。
②protect…from…
意为“保护……使其免受危害”,from后
只能接名词或者代词,而且这个名词或者
代词通常是表示能够带来危害的事物。
1. 没有什么能阻止我前进。 Nothing can ________________. 2. 他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。 He raised his arm to ________________. 3. 我们每个人都有保护地球使其免受污染的责任。 Each of us has a duty to ________ the earth ________ being made dirty. 4. 你应该防止这类事情再次发生。 You should ________ this kind of things ________ happening again. 【答案】 1. prevent me (from) going forward 2. protect his child from hurt 3. protect; from 4. prevent; from 14. come up with 提出,想出
He’s come up with a great idea.
他想出了一个绝好的办法。
No one has come up with a convincing
explanation of why dinosaurs die out.
尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人
信服的解释。 15. add to, add…to…， add up与add up to ①add to 增加，加强 The new movie has added to her fame. 这部新影片使她的名气更大了。 That trip added greatly to her understanding and knowledge
of the country.
那次旅行大大加深了她对那个国家的了解和认识。 ②add…to…把……加入…… I have added two names to the list. 我在名单上加了两个名字。 ③add up 把……加起来 Add your scores up and we'll see who won. 把你们的得分加起来，我们就可以看出谁赢了。 ④add up to 总共有 The costs we spent on this product added up to more
than $100,000. 我们花在这个产品上的成本总计有10万美元。 用以上短语的适当形式填空 1. This ____________ our difficulty. 2. If you feel the coffee is too strong, you can ________ some water ________ it. 3. The money he spent ________________ $500. 【答案】 adds to
2. add; to
3. added up to Part 1 Of 2 1. suppose ① v. 推想,假设,以为,认为,用法相当于think
We suppose that the situation will improve.
我们认为形势会好转。 ② 后面常接“宾语+宾语补足语”的形式
suppose sb. / sth. (to be)+形容词/名词短语
We suppose Peter (to be) the best designer in
our company.
我们认为彼得是我们公司最好的设计师。 类似的表达还有: consider sb. / sth. to be+形容词/介词短语 当猜测的内容发生在suppose之前,可以用如下结构:suppose sb. / sth. to have done I suppose him to have finished all the courses in the university by himself. 我想他已经自学完了大学的全部课程。 ③ be supposed to do sth.=should do sth. 意为“应
该/理应做某事”, 表示被期望或被要求(按
规则、惯例)做某事
He is supposed to have concealed the fact from
the police.
他应该向警方隐瞒了真相。
1．史密斯先生被认为是我们镇上最有钱的人。 Mr. Smith ____________
the richest man in our town. 2．你不应该在禁烟区吸烟。 You are ____________
in this nonsmoking area.
was supposed (to be)
not supposed to smoke
2. switch的短语 ① switch on 接通,开(电器)=turn on
The video is programmed to switch on at ten
o’clock.
录像带设定在10点钟自动打开。 ② switch off 切断(电源等)=turn off
Tell the boy to switch off all the lights as he
leaves the room in order to save electricity.
告诉孩子在离开房间时关掉所有的灯,以节
约用电。 ③ switch over 交换位置,转换
I don’t like watching TV series. Could you
switch it over to the Sports Channel?
我不喜欢电视连续剧, 你能换到体育频道吗? 1. The house is so dark. Please ___________the
light. 2. Tom _____________ the TV because it was
time for him to sleep. 3. It’s such a long way. Let me drive first and
then we _____________ . switch on switched off switch over 3. complain
① vi. 抱怨,发牢骚,诉说(病痛等),控诉,投诉
complain to sb. about / of sth.
向某人抱怨/投诉某事
They complained bitterly about the injustice
of the system.
他们愤恨地抱怨制度不公平。
The students always complain about/of the
food in the dining hall.
学生们经常抱怨学校食堂的伙食。 ② vt. 抱怨，控诉
complain+that从句
He complained that the service was too bad.
他抱怨说服务太差了。 他向服务员抱怨说饭菜是凉的。
____________________________________
____________________________________ 我们向警方投诉酒吧的噪音太大。
____________________________________
____________________________________ 杰克抱怨说这次考试太难了。
____________________________________
____________________________________ He complained to the waiter that the meal was cold. We complained to the police about the noise from the bar. Jack complained that the exam was too hard. 4. go off
(炸弹)爆炸;(闹钟)响起;离开;变坏;不再喜欢
He always goes off without saying goodbye.
他总是不辞而别。
Meat soon goes off in this hot weather.
天气这么热,肉很快会变质。
The gun went off by accident.
枪突然走火了。
I’ve gone off beer.
我对啤酒已不感兴趣。 go after
追逐,试图得到 go down
往下走,减少 go in for
参加(考试或比赛);喜欢,爱好 go into
进入……的彻底调查;详细调查 go out
离开,熄灭 go over
复习 go through
经历，完成任务 go up
到高处,增加,建立 5. take up 拿起,开始从事,吸取,接纳;占据(时间
或空间);打断(某人)
It is illegal to take up a person’s house without
his permission.
未经他人同意霸占他人房屋是不合法的。
The great leader called on the people to take up arms to defend their freedom. 那个伟大的领袖号召人民拿起武器保卫自由。 take down
拿下;拆除;记下 take off
(飞机等)起飞;脱下(衣、帽等) take on
呈现(不用于被动语态) 1. 几年以后，杰克弃医从商。 A few years later, Jack dropped medicine and __________ business. 2. 珍妮，你什么时候可以开始工作？ When can you __________ your duties, Jenny? took up
take up 6. be filled with
相当于be full of 被充满着
I am filled with desire to go back home.
我心中充满了回家的渴望。
fill v. 使……充满,注入 Our teacher always fills our brain with too much knowledge.
我们的老师经常给我们灌输太多的知识。