(2008·山东高考)What was most important to her，she told me，was her family. 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。 That she will succeed is certain.＝It is certain that she will succeed.她一定会成功。 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. 很明显大多数农民通过各种方式赚了更多钱。 China is no longer what she used to be. 中国再也不是从前的中国了。 We have strong belief that we will win the war. 我们对我们能赢得战争抱有坚定的信心。 (2009·四川高考)News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. 学校办公室传出了王琳已被北京大学录取的消息。 1．(2009·北京高考)At first he hated the new job but decided to
give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better. A．when
B．how C．why
D．if 解析：这里考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：起初他讨厌那份新工作，但是决定给自己几个月的时间，看看它是否会变得好些。 答案：D 2．(2010·日照调研考试)The patient's son asked the doctor
the question ________ his father could survive the big operation. A．whether
B．if C．that
D．what 解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句表示一种不确定的状态，故用whether引导同位语从句，表示the question的具体内容。if不可用来引导同位语从句。 答案：A 3．(2010·南京第三次模拟)Though having discussed it for long， they still haven't reached an agreement ________ they
should pour more money into the project. A．that
B．if C．whether
D．what 解析：本题考查同位语从句。句意：尽管讨论了很久，但对于是否应该在这个项目上投入更多的资金，他们还没有达成一致的看法。if不用来引导同位语从句。 答案：C whether和if引导名词性从句时，可表示“是否”之意。注意：if只能用来引导宾语从句，不可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。whether...or意为“无论……还是……”。 She asked me whether/if I could lend her my dictionary. 她问我是否我可以借给她我的字典。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有的人，不管他们是老人还是年轻人，富人还是穷人，自从发生灾难以来都尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。 1．(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)We haven't discussed yet
________ we are going to place our new furniture. A．that
B．which C．what
D．where 解析：考查名词性从句。题干中We haven't discussed yet后为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此空白处应填where，故答案为D。 答案：D 2．(2010·江苏高考)—I prefer shutting myself in and
listening to music all day on Sundays. —That's ________ I don't agree. You should have a more active life. A．where
B．how C．when
D．what 解析：考查名词性从句。说话人在星期天喜欢一整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中“where I don't agree”是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念，where在从句中作地点状语。假如选择D项，agree后需要加上介词。 答案：A 3．(2010·浙江高考)—How about camping this weekend， just for a change? —OK, ________ you want. A．whichever B．however C．whatever
D．whoever 解析：考查情景交际。句意：“周末野营怎么样，换换口味？”“好的，你想做什么都可以。”此处whatever表示“无论什么”，作want的宾语，故选C项。 答案：C 4．(2010·湖南高考)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst
into tears. No one in the office knew ________ she was so angry. A．where
B．whether C．that
D．why 解析：考查名词性从句。根据第一句语境可知，大家不知道的是她生气的原因。故用why引导宾语从句。 答案：D 5．(2010·重庆高考)To improve the quality of our products， we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products. A．whoever
B．who C．whichever
D．which 解析：考查连词。whoever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。 答案：A 1．如何选择这些引导词呢？根据它们的意思和从句所缺的 成分进行选择。 (1)who意为“谁”，在从句中可以用来作主语、表语或宾语。 (2)whom意为“谁”，在从句中用来作宾语，一般可以用 who来取代，但在介词后面时只能用whom。 (3)whose意为“谁的”，在从句中用来作定语。 (4)which意为“哪一个”，在从句中用来作定语。
(5)when意为“什么时候”，在从句中用来作时间状语；
where意为“哪里”，在从句中用来作地点状语；how 意为“怎样，多么……”，在从句中用来作状语；why 意为“为什么”，在从句中用来作原因状语。 2．“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别 “疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有 “无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。 The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。 Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。 1．关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先 行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。 2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词 或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/that I am waiting for. 他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 He failed in the exam，which made his father angry. 他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。 3．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地 点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 [注意] 先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city. 我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day作spent的宾语)。 1．(2010·四川高考)After graduating from college，I took some
time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. A．that
B．which C．when
D．where 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。在此，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子的内容。句意：大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 答案：B 2．(2010·烟台检测)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place
of interest ________ everyone likes to visit. A．that
B．as C．which
D．what 解析：as everyone likes to visit是定语从句，修饰先行词place，as在从句中作visit的宾语，此句是“such...as...”结构。如果理解为结果状语从句而选择A项，需要在题干中visit后加上it。故选B。 答案：B 3．(2009·山东高考)Whenever I met her，________ was fairly
often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. A．who
B．which C．when
D．that 解析：句意：不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子。故选B。 答案：B 4．(2010·西安八校联考)A war is so cruel that it always causes
great losses，________ has happened in Iraq. A．what
B．as C．that
D．one 解析：as为关系代词，引导定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。故选B。 答案：B 1．关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式： These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语) He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语) [注意] (1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样 such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于…… This is such an easy question as I can answer. (定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。 This is such an easy question that I can answer it. (状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。 (2)the same...as...表示相似的东西 the same...that...表示同一人或物 This is the same knife as I lost. 这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。 This is the same knife that I lost. 这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。 2．关系代词as，which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句 后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. (2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody. ＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 后两句属名词性从句范畴。 (3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know， expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。 As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone. ＝Bell invented the telephone，as is known to all. As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss. 1．(2010·山东高考)Before the sales start，I make a list of
________ my kids will need for the coming season. A．why
B．what C．how
D．which 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：在商场大减价销售之前，我列了购物单，列出了下一季孩子们所需的物品。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。 答案：B 2．(2010·天津高考)As a new graduate，he doesn't know
________ it takes to start a business here. A．how
B．what C．when
D．which 解析：此题考查连接词的用法。分析宾语从句的结构可知，从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词，可排除A、C两项；由于没有限定范围，应用what引导的宾语从句。故选B项。which“哪一个，哪些”，用于有限定范围的情况。 答案：B 3．(2010·陕西高考)It never occurred to me ________ you
could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A．which
B．what C．that
D．if 解析：此题考查主语从句。句意：我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。It occurred to sb. that...为常用句型，表示“某人想到……”，其中it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 答案：C 4．(2010·辽宁高考)It is uncertain ________ side effect the
medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. A．that
B．what C．how
D．whether 解析：考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代it的具体内容，it是形式主语，所以这里选B项。 答案：B 5．(2009·江西高考)The fact has worried many scientists
________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A．what
B．which C．that
D．though 解析：考查同位语从句。that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years是同位语从句，修饰the fact，解释其具体内容。 答案：C 6．(2009•天津高考)It is obvious to the students ________ they
should get well prepared for their future. A．as
B．which C．whether
D．that 解析：这里it是形式主语，空格后面的从句是主语从句。句意：他们应该为将来做好准备，这一点学生们相当清楚。从句中不缺少成分，故引导词用that。 答案：D that和what的区别 引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。 1．(2010·山东高考)That's the new machine ________ parts are
too small to be seen. A．thatB．which C．whose
D．what 解析：考查定语从句whose作定语的用法。句意：这就是那台新机器，它的零部件太小了很难看到。parts与先行词machine之间为所属关系，故用whose。 答案：C 2．(2010·北京高考)Children who are not active or ________
diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A．what
B．whose C．which
D．that 解析：此题考查定语从句。关系词修饰从句中主语diet，作diet的定语，故选B。 答案：B 3．(2010·陕西高考)The old temple ________ roof was
damaged in a storm is now under repair. A．where
B．which C．its
D．whose 解析：此题考查定语从句。whose在从句中作定语，修饰先行词roof。句意：在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。 答案：D 4．(2009·安徽高考)Many children，________ parents are
away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. A．their
B．whose C．of them
D．with whom 解析：先行词为children，将先行词还原到定语从句中：many children's parents are away working in big cities。由此可以看出被还原部分为many children's，用了一个's所有格作定语修饰parents。在所有的关系词中只有whose可以在定语从句中作定语，故答案选B。 答案：B whose引导定语从句的用法 whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。 I know the girl whose father
is our headmaster. 我认识那个女孩，她的父亲是我们的校长。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。 1．(2010·上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of
energy ________ we may return in the near future. A．on which
B．by which C．to which
D．from which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to“重新利用”，属于固定搭配。故排除含有介词on，by和from的A、B、D项。 答案：C 2．(2010·浙江高考)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000
people，many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom
B．which C．them
D．those 解析：考查定语从句。该从句的先行词是nearly 1,000 people，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，应该用关系代词whom，据此选A项。 答案：A 3．(2010·江苏高考)The newlybuilt café，the walls of
________ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. A．that
B．it C．what
D．which 解析：句意：这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。先行词为the newlybuilt café，代入定语从句为the walls of the newlybuilt café are painted light green，因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且指物，故用which。 答案：D 4．(2009·陕西高考)Gun control is a subject________ Americans have argued for a long time. A．of which
B．with which C．about which
D．into which 解析：考查定语从句。argue about sth.对……展开争论，由此可知C项正确。 答案：C 1．介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。 The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. 你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 2．当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从 句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。 3．介词＋which/whom＋不定式结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那个可怜的人没有房子住。 4．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用 whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (＝whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 1．(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)As a child，Jack studied in a
village school, ________ is named after his grandfather. A．which
B．where C．what
D．that 解析：考查定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句在逗号之后，可判断为非限制性定语从句。先行词a village school在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which，故选A。 答案：A 2．(2010·江西高考)The girl arranged to have piano lessons
at the training centre with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour. A．where
B．who C．which
D．what 解析：考查关系词的用法。由空后句子中的stay可知，先行词应为表示地点的the training centre；同样由stay可知，先行词在定语从句中作状语。故用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。 答案：A 3．(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something
________ was someone else's fault. A．who
B．that C．as
D．what 解析：考查定语从句。“that was someone else's fault”是定语从句，修饰先行词something，that在从句中作主语。 答案：B 4．(2009•福建高考)It's helpful to put children in a situation
________ they can see themselves differently. A．that
B．when C．which
D．where 解析：先行词为situation，将先行词还原到定语从句中：they can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可以看出被还原部分in the situation 在从句中作地点状语，关系词代替的是in the situation这一部分，故答案选D。 答案：D 5．(2010·福建龙岩检测)Remember that there is still one
point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. A．where
B．why C．when
D．that 解析：考查定语从句。解定语从句题的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是one point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，这里先行词在从句中作make clear的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，据此选D项。 答案：D
其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)