议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体，它通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来辨明是非曲直，从而表达出作者的观点。议论文常由论点、论据和论证三部分构成。 一、议论文的写作特点 1．议论文的主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写 作材料的。 2．它要求语言必须简练、准确，要尽可能避免使用口语， 多用书面语，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。 3．在议论文三段式里，首先要写好开头，具体需把握好 三点：第一，开门见山，紧扣题目；第二，提出论点，说明中心；第三，总述内容，概括要点。 其次要深化中间段。中间段是首段的拓展。议论文的中间段是论证论点的，常用方法有归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论法。 最后要把好结尾关，考生可以：重复中心思想——回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果；引用——用格言或名人名言总结全文，既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力；得出结论——文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。 二、议论文的写作技巧 1．写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论，即论据和论证要围绕 论点展开。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两方面来论述，可增强论证的力度。最后，可得出结论，照应开头，形成一个有机的整体。 2．写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。即：主题段、拓展 段和总结段。 三、议论文中表示观点对比类写作套语 1．总述： •We have a discussion about... •We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. •We have had a survey on... •We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to school. •Different people hold different opinions. •Opinions are divided. •People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards... •People take different views on this question. •People have different opinions on this problem. 2．表达观点： •Others have different opinions. •Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. •Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to..., but forty percent of the students don't think so. •...of them hold the opinion that... •...of them are in favor of the idea that... •People who are for/against the idea think... •...of them think/believe that... 3．表达不同观点之间的衔接： •However, ...of them hold a different view./...of them hold the opposite opinion. •People who are against it don't think so. •However, each coin has two sides. •Different from those..., ...people think... •On the other hand, ...people object that... 4．在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型： ①What is more，...还有就是……，而且…… •What is more，we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study，as well as improve our English. ②Besides，...除此之外…… •Some students cannot discipline themselves.Besides，it is far too expensive to study abroad，which is a load to the family. 当然在提出多个论据时，也可用first，...second，...third，...来列举论据。
[例] (2010·安徽高考)假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动，征文的内容要求你在电视、手机(cell)和网络三者中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up：TV，cell，or Web？”为题，写一篇英语短文。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [范文选粹]
Which would you give up：TV，cell，or Web?
We are now living in an information age，in which TV，cells and the Web are widely used.It seems that many people cannot enjoy themselves without them.
However，if I had to give up one of them，I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet.I could do without TV because few shows take my fancy and there're too many commercials.Besides，most programs on TV are also available elsewhere.
As for cells and the Web，they are more necessary to me.I need a cell to keep in touch with my friends and family，and almost all information can be gathered on the Internet.
[高分缘由] (1)本文中使用了较多的复合句。如第一句用in which引导 非限制性定语从句；第二句It seems that...中it 为形式主语，而that从句作真正的主语；第二段中用if引导条件状语从句，because引导原因状语从句。 (2)文章中有两处使用了被动语态。如第一句中的are widely
used，最后一句中的can be gathered。 (3)文章中运用了较多的短语和句式。如give up，turn
off/switch off，do without(TV)，as for，keep in touch with 以及would do sth. rather than do sth.等。 (4)文章中适当地使用了关联词。如however，besides等。 1．对于议论文的结构模式，我们建议大家采用三段式： (1)开头——引论。用以引出一个令人关注的问题(topic)， 阐明观点或看法。 (2)主体——本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分 析、推论(supporting sentences)，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。 (3)结尾——结论。对主体部分内容作出概括，明确论点所 要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。 2．议论文写作要体现议论文的特点，同时还应该注意： (1)论点必须正确，科学，积极向上。 (2)文章结构要完整，条理要清楚。 (3)语言必须精练、准确、易懂，要以议论为主，恰当地使 用叙述、说明、描写等手法。 (4)写作中还要注意条理清楚、过渡自然，适当地运用一些 表达逻辑意义的过渡词语。 3．议论文的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论 法等等。 第三周 周练1 见本书P114 与语法合练 周练2 见本书P221《特色题型与书面表达(议论文)》 与特色题型合练