3．assume v．假定，假设 [拓展] assumption n.
假定，假设
make an assumption
做假定 Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money? 假定这个建议被接受了，我们什么时候拿到钱？ 4.astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊 [归纳] be astonished at/by
对……感到吃惊 [拓展] astonishing adj.
令人惊讶的
astonished adj.
感到惊讶的
astonishment n.
惊讶
in astonishment
惊讶地
to one's astonishment
令某人惊讶的是 From his astonished voice，we can know that the film was perhaps astonishing. 从他惊讶的声音中我们可以得知，这部影片或许是令人惊讶的。 5．attach v．固定；依附于；重视 [归纳] attach...to认为……有(重要性等)
be attached to
附属于；被固定于；喜欢，依恋 To be honest，a great many people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。 7．attend v．注意，专心；出席，参加 [归纳] attend to处理；接待
attend on
照料；服侍 [拓展] attention n.
注意
pay attention to
注意 She had to attend on her sick mother，so she didn't attend school and didn't attend the meeting，either. 她得照顾生病的母亲，所以她没上学，也没参加那次会议。 8．attitude n．态度，看法 [归纳] attitude towards/to 对于……的态度/看法 Peter's attitude towards women really scares me. 彼得对妇女的态度着实吓了我一跳。 9．available adj.可获得的；可利用的；有空的 The university is trying to make more accommodation available for students. 该大学在设法为学生提供更多的住处。 10．average adj.平均的；普通的
n．平均数 [归纳] above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
on（ the） average
平均 (2009•全国高考)On average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do. 一般而言，不吸烟的人比吸烟者身体健康。 11．avoid v．避免；防止 [归纳] avoid (doing) sth.
避免(做)某事 I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.因为他老是烦我，所以我尽力避免与之碰面。 表示“对……有影响/导致/造成” 1．affect (influence) vt.影响 How do you think the changes will affect you? 你认为这些变化会如何影响你？ 2．have on effect (influence，impact) on对……有影响 Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。 3．cause (lead to，result in，bring about，contribute to) 导致，造成 Heavy traffic is causing long delays on the freeway. 拥挤的交通正造成高速公路上的长时间延误。 The heavy rain led to serious floods. 这场暴雨造成了严重的洪涝灾害。 [第一组]
1．abandon vt.抛弃，舍弃，放弃 [归纳] abandon oneself to纵情于……，沉溺
于…… [拓展] abandoned adj.
被弃的；放纵的 Eventually，rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors of the crash. 最终救援人员完全放弃了会再找到坠机生还者的希望。 2．absence n．缺席，不在；缺乏 [归纳] in/during one's absence
某人不在的时候
in the absence of
由于缺乏 [拓展] absent adj.
缺席的，不在的
be absent from
从……缺席 However，learning English is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 然而，在缺乏母语环境下学习英语相当困难。 3．absorb vt.吸收；使全神贯注 [归纳] be absorbed in
全神贯注于 He lay on the sofa，absorbed in a book. 他躺在沙发上，沉浸在书里。 4．access n．& v.通道，接近，进入；机会，权利；存取 [归纳] have access to
有权进入，有权接触 [拓展] accessible adj.易到达的，易进入的，易得到的 It is reported that 1.1 billion people in the world have no access to clean drinking water. 据报道，全世界有1.1亿人无法获取干净的饮用水。
6．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的 [归纳] be/get accustomed to
习惯于 [拓展] be/get used to
习惯于 Accustomed to climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top. 习惯于爬陡峭的山，他爬上山顶没有困难。 7．adapt v．(使)适应；改编 [归纳] adapt (oneself) to
适应 [拓展] adaptation n.
适应；改编 [区别] adopt vt.
采纳；收养 (2009·浙江高考)The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments. 孩子的好处是他们很容易适应环境。 8．adjust v．调整，调节；适应，习惯 [归纳] adjust (oneself) to
适应 [拓展] adjustment n.
调整，调节 You can adjust this desk to the height of any child. 你可以把这书桌高度调整到适合任何一个孩子使用。 10．advantage n．优点；优势 [归纳] take advantage of
利用
to one's advantage/to the advantage of sb.
对某人有利
have advantage over
比……有优势 [拓展] disadvantage
劣势
put sb.at a disadvantage
使某人处于不利地位 We took advantage of the fine weather to go on a hike. 我们利用好天气去远足了。 11．advise v．建议，劝告 [归纳] advise (doing) sth.
建议做某事
advise sb.to do sth.
建议某人做某事 [拓展] advice n.
建议，劝告
a piece of advice
一条建议
follow/take sb.'s advice
听从某人的建议 Passengers are advised not to leave their bags unattended.建议乘客看管好自己的提包。 表示“同意/赞同” 1．agree 同意 We agreed to meet up later and talk things over. 我们同意稍后见面把情况好好谈一谈。 I
agree with my mother about most things. 在大多数事情上我与我母亲意见一致。 2．(be) for 同意，赞同 I'm all for his proposal. What about you? 我完全同意他的提议，你呢？ 3．(be) in favour of 同意，赞同，支持 I'm all in favour of trying to find ways to save money. 我完全支持尽量想出省钱的办法。 4．approve of赞同，赞许 I don't really approve of children wearing makeup. 我不太赞同儿童化妆。 [第二组] 1．afford vt.负担得起(……的费用)；抽得出(时间) [归纳] can (can't) afford sth.能(不能)承担某事
can (can't) afford to do sth.
能(不能)负担做某事 It is a very important exam，so I can't afford to fail it. 这是一个非常重要的考试，我不可以失败。 2．allow vt.允许，准许 [归纳] allow (doing) sth.
允许(做)某事
allow sb.to do sth.
允许某人做某事
allow for
考虑到 [拓展] allowance n.
津贴，补助 (2008·江西高考)We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了还不到被允许时间的一半就跑完了全程。 3．amount n．数量
vi.总计；等于 A million dollars is a large amount of money to me. 100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。 4．announce v．宣布，宣告 [拓展] announcement n.
宣告，声明，通知 The government announced its new economic policies. 政府宣布了新的经济政策。 5．anxious adj.忧虑的，焦急的；渴望的 [归纳] be anxious about
对……感到焦虑
be anxious for
渴望 [拓展] anxiety n.
忧虑，担心，挂念 She is still absent.I am anxious about her. 她还没来呢，我真担心她。 6．apologize v．道歉 [归纳] apologize to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉 [拓展] apology n.
道歉
make an apology to sb.for sth.
因为某事向某人道歉 He apologized to me for stepping on my foot. 他因踩了我的脚而向我道歉。 7．appeal v．恳求；申诉；有吸引力
n．上诉；吸引力，魅力 [归纳] appeal to sb.for sth.
恳求/呼吁某人……
appeal to sb.to do sth.
恳求/呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb.
吸引某人 (2010·安徽高考)─How did you like Nick's performance last night？你认为尼克昨晚的表演怎么样？ ─To be honest，his singing didn't appeal to me much. 老实说，他的演唱对我没有多大吸引力。 8．apply v．申请；应用 [归纳] apply (to sb.)for
(向某人)申请……
apply...to
把……应用到……
apply to
适用于 [拓展] applicant n.
申请者
application n.
申请；应用
To better apply theory to practice，Bruce applied to work at a grossroots unit，where an experienced workmate told him that safety was a rule that applied to everyone.为了更好地将理论运用于实践，布鲁斯申请去基层工作，在基层，一位有经验的同事告诉他安全是一条适用于每个人的规则。 9．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激 [归纳] appreciate (doing) sth.
感激(做)某事 I would appreciate it if....如果……，我将不胜感激。 [拓展] appreciation n.
欣赏；感激 I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. 如果你把音乐音量调小点，我将不胜感激。 10．approach n．方法；接近
v．靠近，接近 [归纳] approach to
……的方法 As the headmaster approached，our coach，a person easy to approach，was teaching us a new approach to defend. 当校长走近时，我们平易近人的教练正在教我们一种新的防守方法。 11．approve v．赞成，同意；批准，通过 [归纳] approve of
赞同
approve of sb. doing sth. 赞同某人做某事 [拓展] approval n.
赞成；批准 I don't really approve of children wearing makeup. 我真的不赞同小孩子化妆。 表示“不同意/意见有分歧/反对” 1．disagree with 不同意 I disagree with you —I think she's done a very good job. 我不同意你的看法，我认为她干得很出色。 2．(be)against 反对 Are
you for his plan or against it? 你赞成还是反对他的计划？ 3．(be) opposed to 反对 I am strongly opposed to your going there alone. 我强烈反对你单独去那里。 4．object to 反对，不赞成 He objects to being treated like a child. 他讨厌被当成小孩子看待。 [第三组] 1．argue v．辩论，争论 [归纳] argue with sb. about sth.
与某人辩论某事
argue for/against
赞成/反对
argue sb.into/out of
说服某人做/不做…… [拓展] argument n.
辩论，争论 Believe it or not，I argued her into buying a new car. 信不信由你，我说服她买了一辆新车。 2．ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的 [归纳] be ashamed of
因……感到惭愧 [拓展] shame n.
羞愧；羞愧之事
shameful adj.
令人羞愧的 You should be ashamed of yourself—treating your mother like that! 那样对待你妈妈，你应该为此而感到羞愧。 5．accuse .指责，谴责，控告
[归纳] accuse sb.of
指责/控告某人……
[拓展]
谴责某人……
She accused the boss of having broken his word.
她指责老板不守信用。
9．admit ．承认；准许(入场，入学，入会)
[归纳] admit
承认
admit sb.to be
承认某人是……
admit sb. to/into
准许某人进入
[拓展] admission ．准许加入；承认
He admitted to the public that he had cheated to be admitted
into the university.
他公开承认是通过作弊才被那所大学录取的。
6．attempt .试图，尝试
[归纳] 试图做某事
Every time I've attempted to convince her，I've failed completely. 每次我想说服她，我都无功而返。