2. Taking Lipitor is helpful for ________.
A. breastfeeding women
B. women who are pregnant
C. adults having heart disease
D. teenagers with liver problems 答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据“ABOUT LIPITOR”中的Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients及WHO IS LIPITOR FOR中的Adults and children over 10可知这种药可以用来治疗10岁以上的儿童和成年人的心脏病。故C项正确。 3. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should ________.
A. change the amount of your next dose
B. eat more when taking your next dose
C. have a dose as soon as you remember
D. take the next dose at your regular time 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR中的“But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time.”可知如果超过12个小时没有按时服药的话，要等到下一次正常的服药时间再服。
4. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?
A. Face swelling.
B. Upset stomach.
C. Kidney failure.
D. Muscle weakness. 答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据Some common side effects of LIPITOR部分可知Lipitor常见的不良反应就包括了“胃不适”。 5. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.
B. To present a report on a scientific research.
C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.
D. To give information about a kind of medicine. 答案与解析：D 写作目的题。本文是一则药品使用的说明，故目的是给出这种药的相关使用信息，故选D项。
Passage 8 (2010·北京，C篇) Pacing and Pausing
Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.
Conversation is a turntaking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits, are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.
It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting
in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式).
And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in—and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
That's why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.
1. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?
A. Betty was talkative.
B. Betty was an interrupter.
C. Betty did not take her turn.
D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话中的“While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation”，结合第三段内容可知，C项正确——由于Betty谈话时停顿时间太长，Sara感觉她总是接不上话。 2. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?
A. Americans.
B. Israelis.
C. The British.
D. The Finns. 答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中几个不同国家的人谈话的停顿时间的比较可知，B项正确，即以色列人谈话时停顿时间最短。 3. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing
B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US
C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes
D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence 答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，因为文化的差异，不同国家和地区的人谈话时，停顿时间长短不同。有些地区的人由于说话停顿时间太长，而让人感觉他们不健谈。故C项与原文内容相符。 4. The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. being willing to speak one's mind
B. being able to increase one's power
C. being ready to make one's own judgment
D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently 答案与解析：D 猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知这位女士因为在工作上不健谈(其实是她讲话时停顿时间长)而被告知去参加培训，由此可推知她参加的应该是能够让她自信地表达自我的培训，故D项正确。
My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.”
And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, “Why he don't send me check already two week late.”
And then, in perfect English I said “I'm getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn't arrived.”
Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I can 't tolerate any more excuse. If I don't receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”
The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there redfaced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.
When I was a teenager, my mother's broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother's English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.
1. Why was the author's mother poorly served?
A. She was unable to speak good English.
B. She was often misunderstood.
C. She was not clearly heard.
D. She was not very polite. 答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly.”可知作者的母亲因为她所讲的语言而受到歧视，因此选择A项。 2. From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was
________.
A. good at pretending
B. rude to the stockbroker
C. ready to help her mother
D. unwilling to phone for her mother 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was forced to ask for information or even...”可知作者不太愿意替母亲打电话给人家。 3. After the author made the phone call, ________.
A. they forgave the stockbroker
B. they failed to get the check
C. they went to New York immediately
D. they spoke to their boss at once 答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二、三段可知，作者打完电话后并没有拿到支票，因此她们去了纽约。 4. What does the author think of her mother's English now?
A. It confuses her.
B. It embarrasses her.
C. It helps her understand the world.
D. It helps her tolerate rude people. 答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知母亲的英语帮助作者理解这个世界。 5. We can infer from the passage that Chinese English ________.
A. is clear and natural to nonnative speakers
B. is vivid and direct to nonnative speakers
C. has a very bad reputation in America
D. may bring inconvenience in America 答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的描述可知母亲英语讲得不好，这给她的生活带来了很多不便。
Passage 5 (2010·全国Ⅰ，B篇) EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High School, customers pour into a special experiment: the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs. Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.
By closing time at 920 a．m., the shop usually sells 90 drinks.
“Whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good，” Christy McKinley, a second year student, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.
The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.
They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers.
Specialeducation teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.
Not that it was easy. Chevalier's first problem to overcome was productrelated. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?
Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use nonfat milk, fell within nutrition (营养) guidelines.
The whole school has joined in to help.
Teachers agreed to give up their lounge (休息室) in the mornings. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups.
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. A bestselling coffee.
B. A special educational program.
C. Government support for schools.
D. A new type of teacherstudent relationship.
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。全文介绍了Dixie Heights High School的一个特殊教学实验项目，包括该项目的创办人是谁、项目如何运作、开展该项目的目的以及赞助者的情况。答案为B项。 2. The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to ________.
A. raise money for school affairs
B. do some research on nutrition
C. develop students' practical skills
D. supply teachers with drinks 答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“... the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.”和第六段中的“They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.”可知，该项目的目的是培养那些有特殊需要的学生的生存技能。故答案为C项。 3. How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman's opinion of the chi tea?
A. She met her in the shop.
B. She heard her telling others.
C. She talked to her on the phone.
D. She went to her office to deliver the tea. 答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的after hanging up with the teacher可知Christy McKinley和她的老师通了电话，了解到老师对咖啡馆的评价。故答案为C项。 4. We know from the text that Ginger Gray ________.
A. manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County
B. sees that the drinks meet health standards
C. teaches at Dixie Heights High School
D. owns the school's coffee shop 答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由倒数第三段的内容可知，作为食品服务公司的负责人，Ginger Gray使Dixie Heights High School的学校咖啡馆提供的饮料的营养合乎健康标准。故答案为B项。 Passage 6 (2010·陕西，B篇)
Brave Frenchman Found Halfway Around the World (NEW YORK) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a twoyearold girl in Manhattan said he didn't think twice before diving into the freezing East River.
Tuesday's Daily News said 29yearold Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.
He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum, He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.
“I didn't think at all，” Duret told the Daily News. “It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.”
Duret, an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier (码头) when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
When he reached the girl，she appeared lifeless，he said. Fortunately, when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes.
Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from onlookers. Duret caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after.
The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn't realize his tale of heroism had greatly moved New York until he was leaving the city the next morning.
“I don't really think I'm a hero，” said Duret. “Anyone would do the same thing.”
1. Why was Duret in New York?
A. To meet his girlfriend.
B. To work as an engineer.
C. To spend his holiday.
D. To visit the Andersons. 答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的信息Duret, an engineer on vacation可知，他到纽约度假来了。
2. What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came?
A. He was interviewed by a newspaper.
B. He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes.
C. He went to the hospital in the ambulance.
D. He disappeared from the spot quickly. 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，救护车来后不久Duret就和他的女友乘出租车离开了现场，从第二段也可看出救人后他很快就离开了现场，所以答案选D项。 3. Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?
A. David Anderson.
B. A passerby.
C. His girlfriend.
D. A taxi driver. 答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.”可知，跟在他(Duret)后面跳进河里救小女孩的是女孩的父亲David Anderson。 4. When was Duret most probably found to be the very hero?
A. The day when he was leaving for home.
B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued.
C. The first day when he was in New York.
D. The same day when he was interviewed. 答案与解析：B 推理判断题。因为营救那个女孩后Duret很快就离开了现场，所以当天没有人知道他到底是谁，记者不可能在当天采访他，排除D项；事情发生在他准备离开纽约的前一天，故排除C项；根据倒数第二段可知，Duret直到离开才意识到自己的英雄主义故事对纽约感动之大，但看不出是在动身回家的当天人们就知道他是救人英雄的，再结合第二段内容可知人们很可能是过了几天后才发现Duret是救人英雄的。
Passage 7 (2010·湖南，A篇) LIPITOR ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking. WHO IS LIPITOR FOR？ Who can take LIPITOR： ● People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise ● Adults and children over 10 Who should NOT take LIPITOR： ● Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby. ● Women who are breastfeeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. ● People with liver (肝脏) problems POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people： ● Muscle (肌肉) problems that can lead to kidney (肾脏) problems, including kidney failure ● Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it. Some common side effects of LIPITOR ● Muscle pain ● Upset stomach ● Changes in some blood tests HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR Do： ● Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor. ● Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor. ● Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. ● If you miss a dose (一剂), take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time. Don's： ● Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor. ● Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
1. What is a major function of Lipitor?
A. To help quit smoking.
B. To control blood pressure.
C. To improve unhealthy diet.
D. To lower “bad” cholesterol. 答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据“ABOUT LIPITOR”中的it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood可知这种药(Lipitor)的主要功能是降低血液中的不良胆固醇。 高考真题印证
Passage 1 (2010·全国Ⅱ，A篇) When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around. One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dad's shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl，” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes. Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she'd let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we'd be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone. Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us. 1. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company. C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的内容可知当家人生病的时候，她都会去陪伴他们。 2. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie ________. A. would eat anything when hungry B. felt sorry for her mistake C. loved playing hideandseek D. disliked the author's dad 答案与解析：B 推理判断题。它咬破了作者父亲的一只鞋，听到作者的话后低下了头并躲藏起来，眼睛中还含着泪水，由此可推断B项正确。 3. Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet? A. She was treated as a member of the family. B. She played games with anyone she liked. C. She was loved by everybody she met. D. She went everywhere with the family. 答案与解析：C 推理判断题。从文章第三段内容可知，她不仅仅是作者一家人的宠物，任何人都可以抚摸他。 4. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she ________. A. smiledB. barked C. rushed to them
D. tried to be funny 答案与解析：A 细节理解题。第三段后半部分提到当她露出牙齿的时候，一些人感到害怕，而实际上她是在“微笑”。 5. Which of the following best describes Brownie? A. Shy.
B. Polite. C. Brave.
D. Caring. 答案与解析：D 推理判断题。第一段中提到她爱家中的每一个人，第二段叙述的是她做错事后的愧疚，第三段描述的是她与众人友好相处，所以D项最能描述她的特点。 Passage 2 (2010·江西，A篇) Andy rode slowly on his way to school, daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him. He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him. With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings (蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father's words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.” On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. “Bees don't like smoke，” he thought. “They couldn't get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
“You'll really need that fishing break to help you recover，” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn't panic！” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow. 1. Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier? A. He was riding to school. B. He was listening to a strange sound. C. He was going fishing with his father. D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip. 答案与解析：D 推理判断题。由第一段内容尤其是第二句可推知。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage? A. They crowded like a black cloud. B. They shocked and terrified Andy. C. They tried to attack Andy in a mass. D. They made Andy stay in hospital for two days. 答案与解析：D 事实细节题。A项与第二段中的“A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud”吻合；B项与第二段中的“What he saw shocked and terrified him”吻合；C项与第二段最后一句后半句“... and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him”吻合；D项与文章最后他成功避开蜂群这一事实不符。
3. How did Andy avoid the bees in the end? A. He asked Mr. Nelson for help. B. He hid himself under the water. C. He rushed into the Nelson house. D. He rode off in the opposite direction. 答案与解析：B 细节推理题。根据第五段中的“Off his bike and into the cool water he dived...”分析可推知。 4. Which of the following can best describe Andy's escape from the bees? A. No pains, no gains. B. Once bitten, twice shy. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. In time of danger, one's mind works fast. 答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。A项“不劳无获”；B项“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”；C项“有志者事竟成”；D项“急中生智”。根据文章意思：安迪被蜜蜂追着到处跑，情急之下，跳入水中。故与“急中生智”吻合。 Passage 3 (2010·辽宁，A篇)
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak, They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
1. From Paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers ________.
A. worked very hard for centuries
B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content
D. lived a different life from their forefathers 答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，村民们虽然生活清贫，但是他们生活得幸福，因为几百年来他们的祖宗就是这样生活的。 2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?
A. The frogs were easy money.
B. They needed money to buy medicine.
C. They wanted to please the visitors.
D. The frogs made too much noise. 答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段前两句可知，周围田地里到处都是青蛙，它们似乎对村民也没有什么用处，卖掉青蛙，很好赚钱。 3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness?
A. The crops didn't do well.
B. There were too many insects.
C. The visitors brought in diseases.
D. The pesticides were overused. 答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容可知，他们把青蛙卖了之后，到处都是害虫，这些害虫不但毁坏庄稼，而且传播疾病，由此可知B项正确。 4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?
A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B. Health is more important than money.
C. The harmony between man and nature is important.
D. Good old days will never be forgotten. 答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，青蛙对村民的生活起着重要的作用。最后一段说，虽然村民依然贫困，可是他们认识到了青蛙的重要作用，换言之，人与自然的和谐是非常重要的。 Passage 4 (2010·广东，A篇)
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother's Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.