必修4 Unit 3（2）
Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭状况更糟了，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
leaving现在分词作结果状语。
①(2010·重庆卷)The news shocked the public，leading_to great concern about students’ safety at school.这条资讯使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。
②European football is played in 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.
八十个国家踢欧式足球，使它成为世界上最流行的运动。
现在分词作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，而不定式作结果状语常表出乎意料的结果。
③He hurried to the bus stop，only_to_find the bus had left.
他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。
④Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again.
她的父亲离家出走，从此杳无音讯。As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.
正如维克多雨果曾说过：“笑是阳光能驱赶人脸上的寒意”，直到现在为止没有人能比查理卓别林更好地做到这一点。
as在此引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。
①(2011·陕西卷)As is known to all，the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
②(2017·浙江绍兴考前适应性检测)A good many proposals were raised in the meeting，as_was__expected.
正如所预料的一样，在会议上提出了许多好建议。
辨析：as与which引导定语从句
(1)as引导的从句可置于句前，而which则不能。
(2)as引导的从句，有“正如……”之意，而which则没有。
(3)当先行词被so，such，the same(指同样的两个，若指同一个，关系词则用that)所修饰，或such，the same本身就是先行词时，关系代词用as，不用which。
(4)当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接实义动词的被动式，如果从句中的实义动词是主动式，一般用which作主语。
③After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后，他花费一段时间旅游，结果成为一个明智的决定。
④He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.
他忘记带笔，对他来说是常有的事。
⑤This is such a difficult question
这是一个那么难的问题，没人能解决。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．(2017·安徽卷)A lot of language learning，__________________(正如发现的那样)，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
答案： as has been discovered
2．He spent four years getting a degree，________________(结果发现) there were no jobs for graduates.
答案： only to find
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2017·盐城二模)The story showed marriage between people of different races，________was against the law at that time.
A．who B．which
C．whoever D．whichever
解析： 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“marriage between people of different races”，并在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
B
2．(2017·宝鸡二检)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things，________is often the case in other countries.
A．that B．who
C．as D．where
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：英国人不太熟悉其他的文化以及做事方式，常常这一点在别的国家也是一样的。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。
答案： C
3．(2017·豫西五校联考)________is shown in the report，teenager problems are often connected with family life education.
A．Which B．As
C．It D．What
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：正如报告所显示的那样，青少年问题常与家庭教育相关。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于句首，代指后面整个句子，作从句的主语。
答案： B
4．(2017·安徽省淮北五校高三第四次联考)Some people try to knock me down，only________me more determined to do things better.
A．to make B．makes
C．having made D．made
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：一些人努力将我打倒，结果却让我决心做得更好。根据语意可知空处是不定式短语作结果状语，通常与only连用，表示出乎意料的结果。
答案： A
5．(2017·山东省胶东示范学校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year，________a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.
A．create
B．to create
C．creating D．created解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄，这导致小学教师短缺。结合句意可知，此处应用动词的ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
答案： C
occasion n．时刻；场合
Have you ever met with the occasion when you are mistaken?
你是否有过被人误解的时候？
entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待
entertain sb.with sth.＝sb.be entertained with sth.
用……使某人快乐
entertain sb.to sth.用……招待某人
They often entertained their friends to dinner at weekends.
他们常在周末招待朋友吃饭。
astonish vt.使惊诧
(1)
(2)astonished adj.感到惊讶的
(3)astonishing adj.令人吃惊的
China is developing at an astonishing speed，and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.中国以令人惊讶的速度发展，不久将成为世界上最强大国家之一。
【写作素材】
1．有时，我们会见到一些在社会上很失败的人。
2．他们对生活不满意，不想去克服困难。
3．他们中有些人很抑郁，不和外界接触。
4．还有些人穷困潦倒，以致无家可归。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【连句成篇】
Sometimes，we see some social failures who are never
content with society and never think of overcoming difficulties.Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.Some are so badly off that they become homeless.
v．ing作表语、定语、宾补
1．(2017·成都二诊)—Was it George who telephoned?
—No.A man________himself Peter.
A．called B．was called
C．calling
D．to call
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：——是乔治打来的电话吗？——不，是一个叫彼得的人。A man与call之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且空处在句中作后置定语，故用call的现在分词形式。
答案： C
2．(2017·北京东城区综合练习二)Don’t have the water________while you brush your teeth.
A．running B．run
C．to run D．ran
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：当你刷牙的时候别让水龙头一直开着。使役动词have的固定结构为：have＋宾语＋现在分词或不定式。此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语。
答案： A
3．(2017·四川省宜宾五校第二次调查考试)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A．being weighed
B．to weigh
C．weighed
D．weighing
解析： 考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语weighing less than 40 pounds和介词短语under the age of four同时作定语，修饰children，因为children和weigh是逻辑上的主谓关系，故D项正确。
答案： D
4．(2017·成都第一次诊断)The church________ from the 18th century is under repair at present.
A．dates B．to date
C．dated
D．dating
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：建于18世纪的那座教堂目前正在被修缮。date from的意思是“追溯到，始于”。The church与date from之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用dating。此句可以转化为“The church that/which dates from the 18th century is under repair at present.”。
答案： D
5．(2017·威海两校模拟)The lady was so absorbed in her job that she didn’t hear a customer________at the door.
A．to knock B．knocking
C．be knocked D．knocked
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：这位女士如此专注于她的工作以至于她没有听到有位顾客正在敲门。hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。
答案： B