必修4 Unit 2（1）
Unit 2 Working the land
1．struggle(vi.& n．)斗争；拼搏；努力
2．decade(n.)十年；十年期
3．expand(vt.& vi.)使变大；伸展
4．circulate(vt.& vi.)循环；流传
5．freedom(n.)自由；自主
6．therefore(adv.)因此；所以；因而
7．occupation(n.)工作；职业；占领
8．regret(vt.)遗憾；惋惜
(n.)遗憾；懊悔
9．focus(n.)焦点；中心点
(vt.)集中；聚焦
10．reduce(vt.)减少；减缩
11．comment(n.)评论；议论
(vi.& vt.)表达意见；作出评论
12．hunger(n.)饥饿；欲望；(vt.& vi.)(使)饥饿→hungry(adj.)饥饿的；渴望得到的
13．equip(vt.& vi.)配备；装备→equipment(n.)设备(不可数)
14．export(vt.& vi.)输出；出口→import (反义词)(vt.& vi.)输入；进口
15．confuse(vt.)使迷惑；使为难→confusing(adj.)令人迷惑的→confused(adj.)感到迷惑的→confusion(n.)迷惑
16．discovery(n.)发现；发觉→discover(vt.)发现；发觉[
1．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为
2．rid...of摆脱；除去
3．be_satisfied_with对……感到满意
4．would_rather宁愿；宁可
5．build_up逐渐增强；建立；开发
6．lead_to导致；造成(后果)
7．focus_on集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．be_rich_in盛产；富于
9．keep...free_from/of使……不含(有害物)
10．prefer...to...(与……相比)更喜欢……
1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
名师指津：what is called...“所谓的……”，what引导宾语从句。
例句仿写：我们应该采取措施提高所谓的生活质量。
We should take measures to improve what_is_called the quality of living.
2．Recently，however，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s health.
然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
名师指津：现在完成进行时。
例句仿写：——你们找到昨天在山中失踪的夫妇了吗？
——没有，但是自从那以后，我们一直在尽力和他们取得联系。
—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?
—No，but we have_been_trying to get in touch with them ever since.
3．If so，what did you do to grow them?
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这种植物？
名师指津：if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
例句仿写：这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
Will you be free this Sunday？If_so，let’s go camping.
struggle
vt.，vi.& n．斗争，拼搏；努力；挣扎
(朗文P2048)She’s struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。
(1)
(2)struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
(3)with a struggle费劲地
Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities，struggling to increase their income.一些农民不得不离开家乡到城市里打工，努力地增加他们的收入。
We have to struggle_with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled_to_his_feet at last.这个战士受了重伤但最后还是挣扎着站了起来。equip vt.& vi.装备；配备
教材原句P10：He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。
(1)
(2)
Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.请准备一支削尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。Equipped_with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法，现在，他们可以使用更少的农田进行耕种。
We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later life.
我们想让儿子接受能为其日后生活打下基础的教育。
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
(朗文P418)If you are confused about anything，phone my office.
如果你有任何疑问，给我办公室打电话。
(1)confuse...with/and...混淆；把……混同；辨别不清
be confused by被……弄混、糊涂
(2)be confused about对……糊涂、不解
(3)confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的(表示人的内心感受)
confusing adj.令人费解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的状态)
confusion n．困惑
I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.
我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因为她们长得太像了。
The situation remains confused as both sides claim success.
由于双方均宣称获胜，形势依然不明朗。
There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.当他遇到这个使人困惑的难题时，他脸上露出了困惑的表情。regret v．可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜；n.遗憾，抱歉
(牛津P1673) We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。
(1)regret 后悔做了某事
(2)
(3)
I regret having left the work unfinished；I should have planned everything ahead carefully.我很遗憾未能完成工作，我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划得很好。
We think，much_to_our_regret，that we will not be able to visit you next year.
让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。reduce vt.减少，缩减
(2017·辽宁卷阅读理解)We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.
我们已经大大减少购买我们不需要的东西。
(1)reduce...to...减少到……
reduce...by...减少了……
(2)be reduced to沦落为……；陷入某种状态
The number of students in our school has_been_reduced_to 2,000.我们学校学生的数目减少到了2 000。
She does exercise every day，and she has reduced her weight by 10%。她坚持天天锻炼，已经把体重降低了10%。
Believe it or not，the rich man should be_reduced_to a beggar.
信不信由你，那位富人竟然沦落为乞丐。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Lydia really____________________(后悔中学辍学)．She has really had to struggle to make a living because of that decision.
答案： regrets dropping out of high school
2．____________________(因此)，I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.
答案： Therefore
3．As far as I know，she never gave up and____________________(努力过着一种积极向上的生活)．答案： struggled to leave an active life
4．As parents，we want to ______________________________(孩子们具有某些特殊技能)．
答案： equip our children with some special skills
5．The old woman is determined to learn how to use the Internet to____________________(扩大生意) and reach a global market.
答案： expand her business
.单项填空
1．(2017·中国人民大学附属中学摸底考试)—I regret________you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believe my ears.He’s such a fine worker.
A．telling B．having told
C．to tell D．to have told
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：——很遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。——我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的工人。regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事；regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。regret to tell遗憾地告诉，符合语境。
答案： C
2．(2017·合肥一检)I regret________hard last term，or I would get first prize in the final exam.
A．not to study B．having not studied
C．to have not studied D．not having studied解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：我后悔上学期没有努力学习，否则我一定会在期末考试中获得一等奖的。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事，regret to do sth.遗憾地要做某事。此处表述的是过去的事情，故应用regret having done，否定表达要用not having done。
答案： D
3．(2017·浙江绍兴调研)—What do you think of her speech last night?
—Just so so.She gave us too much information，so that everyone got________.
A．confused B．to confuse
C．confusing D．to be confused
解析： 考查非谓语动词。get confused为被动语态结构，get相当于助动词be。
答案： A
4．(2017·安徽合肥名校第三次模拟)—The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in the streets.
—Yes.But I’m sure something will be done to________air pollution.
A．reduce B．remove
C．collect D．warn
解析： 考查动词辨析。空处所在句子的句意：但是我确定一些事情会被做来减少大气污染。reduce缩小，减少；remove清除，collect收集，warn警告，提醒，根据句意应该选A。
答案： A
5．(2017·郑州高三质检)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle________.
A．to be heard B．to have heard
C．hearing D．being heard
解析： 考查struggle的用法及不定式的被动语态。句意为：孩子们在餐桌上说话声音那么大，以至于我必须努力喊才能被听到。struggle to do sth.努力做某事；根据句意应当用不定式的被动形式。
答案： A
6．We students should________ourselves with knowledge for the competition nowadays is very fierce.
A．supply B．equip
C．relate D．feed
解析： equip sb.with sth.用某物武装、装备某人。句意为：我们学生应该用知识武装自己，因为现在竞争非常激烈。
答案： B
thanks to幸亏；由于；因为
教材原句P10：Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
由于，因为
①Thanks_to_your_encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
多亏你的鼓励，我在数学上不断进步，最后我下决心上大学就学数学专业。
②It is reported that the terrible accident was due to his careless driving.据报道，这个可怕的事故是由他粗心驾驶造成的。
③As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.
由于天气不好，足球赛被推迟了。
lead to通向，导致，致使
(2017·福建短文填词)A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.缺乏自信心会导致许多痛苦。
lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
lead/live a．..life过……样的生活
lead...into...把……领进……
lead the way引路；带路
①The discovery of the new evidence eventually led to the official’s being arrested/arrest.
新的证据的发现最终导致这名官员被捕。
②As we all know，all roads lead_to_Rome.
众所周知，条条大道通罗马。
③This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) ________________(去掉焦虑) and nervousness.
答案： rid you of the anxiety
2．To be mentally healthy，you need to____________________(建立良好的关系) with each other.
答案： build up good relationships
3．As is known to us all，success lies in hard work while laziness__________________(导致失败)．
答案： leads to failure
4．Measures should be taken to________the children and old______________(使……免受) the polluted vegetables above all.
答案： keep；free from
5．________________(幸亏……的支持) from the local government，they could rebuild their houses soon after the earthquake.
答案： Thanks to the support
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．________these new treatments，people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.
A．Thanks to B．According to
C．As for D．Instead of
解析： 句意为：多亏了这些新治疗措施，患高血压病人能生活的积极健康长寿。thanks to由于，多亏了，符合句意。
答案： A
2．(2017·浙江卷)Bears________fat stores throughout the summer
and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter
sleep.
A．pack up
B．build up
C．bring up
D．take up
解析： 句意为：熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪，以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。本题考查动词词组辨析。pack up打包，收起来；build up逐渐积累；bring up养育，提出，呕吐；take up开始从事，把……继续下去，占据。
答案： B
3．As we all know，it is human activity that________the global warming.
A．has come from B．have come from
C．has led to D．have led to
解析： 句意为：众所周知，是人类的活动“导致(lead to)”了全球变暖。主句是强调句型，是对主语human activity的强调，谓语动词用单数，故选C项。
答案： C