必修4 Unit 1（2）
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
(1)only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。
(2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句
不用倒装语序。
(3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。
①Only when I left my parents for Italy did_I_realize how much I loved him.只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我是多么的爱他们。
②Only then did I realize how much time I wasted in playing computer games.
只有那时我才意识到我浪费了那么多的时间玩电脑游戏。
含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never，not，not only，little，seldom，hardly，not until，neither，nor，no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner...than...和hardly...when...引导的句子中，倒装部分常用过去完成时。
③Hardly had_the_bell_rung_when the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响学生们就冲出了教室。
④Never will I forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.我永远也不会忘记我们在农村一起呆过的日子。
She is leading a busy life but she says：“Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It’s terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps...”
她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。”
once此处用做连词。意为“一旦……就”，用于连接时间状语从句，类似于as soon as。
①You will be successful in the interview once_you_have_confidence.在面试时你一旦有了自信心，一定会成功。
②Once you get into a bad habit of smoking，you will find it hard to get rid of it.
一旦你养成了吸烟的坏习惯，你会发现很难去掉。
③Remember that you won’t be able to change the contract once you’ve signed.请记住一旦你签了合同就不能更改了。Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么地难。
句中使用了“It hit(s) me＋从句”结构，意思是我突然想到……，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：
It occurs to sb.that...(某人)突然想到……
It strikes/hits sb.that...(某人)突然想到……
It happens that...碰巧……
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Then it hit me—I had been giving all of my attention to what was going wrong with my life rather than what was right！我突然意识到我一直都在关注生活中错误的而不是正确的事情。
②After hospital life for a week it_struck_me_that nothing is more important than health.
住院一个星期后我突然了解到没有比健康更重要的东西了。
③It_occurred_to_him_that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。
④It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．______________________(我突然想起) that I forgot to go to the airport to pick up my friend.
答案： It hit/struck/occurred to me
2．______________________________(一旦河流被污染)，it takes many years for the ecosystem in them to recover.
答案： Once the rivers are polluted
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)The sunlight is white and blinding，________
hardedged shadows on the ground.
A．throwing B．being thrown
C．to throw D．to be thrown
解析： 句意为：阳光又亮又刺眼，把客观逼真的影子留在地面上。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。the sunlight与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除B、D两项；由题意可判断设空处不作目的状语而作结果状语，不定式作结果状语表示“意外或事与愿违”的结果，排除C项。
答案： A
2．(2017·山师大附中模拟)Bad habits，________formed，are difficult，and sometimes impossible to shake off.
A．before B．once
C．until D．unless
解析： 考查连词辨析和省略表达。句意为：坏习惯一旦形成就很难改掉，有时就不可能改掉。once意为“一旦”；before 意为“在……之前”；until意为“直到……时”；unless意为“除非”。四个选项中，只有once符合语境。故答案选B。once formed在本题中是once they are formed的省略形式。
答案： B
3．(2017·湖南长沙市一中月考)Only when he returned ________that the war had ended and the army had come back.
A．we tell
B．we told
C．did we tell
D．were we told
解析： 考查倒装和被动。句意为：只有当他回来时，我们才被告知战争已经结束，并且军队已经回来了。Only强调时间状语放在句首时须倒装。另外我们是“被”告知，应用被动语态。
答案： D
4．I was on half way when it________to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.
A．occurred B．hit
C．happened D．reminded
解析： It occurred to me that...意为“我突然想起……”。hit打击(不与to搭配)；happen发生(指具体事件)；remind提醒(不与to搭配)。
答案： A
respect
vt.尊敬；尊重；敬意；n.细节；方面；敬意；问候
(1)respect sb.as/for...尊敬某人为……/因……而尊敬某人
(2)have respect for sb.尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb.向某人表示敬意
We admire and respect/show respect to Mo Yan for his success in winning the Nobel Prize in literature in 2017.我们羡慕并尊敬莫言先生，他在2017年成功获得诺贝尔文学奖。deliver
v．投递；发表，宣布；接生，生(小孩)
deliver sth.(to sb.)递送/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech发表演说
The headmaster delivered an important speech at the meeting yesterday which left a deep impression on his students.
campaign
n．运动；战役；vi.作战；参加运动
launch/srart a campaign to...发动一项运动做……
The organization has launched a campaign to ensure food supply.
这个组织已经发起了一项运动，旨在确保粮食安全。
【写作素材】
1．汉斯是一个有成就的人。他的一生都奉献给了无家可归的儿童，他的行为赢得了所有人的尊重。
2．汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
3．汉斯说：“照顾孩子是平凡的工作，但是不要瞧不起平凡的工作。一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。
只有当你能够说你已经全力以赴时，你才会对你的一生感到满足。”
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
Hans is a man of great achievements.He has devoted all his life to homeless children and his behaviour has won respect of all.Recently， Hans was asked ro deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University.He said，“Caring for children is an ordinary job，but don’t look down upon ordinary jobs.Once
you
begin
to
do something，you must
keep on with
it，otherwise you will never achieve anything.Only when you can say you have tried your best will you be content with your life.”[
1．(2017·湖南省邵阳市模拟)A survey of health researchers________that four hours of exercise every week________good for our health.
A．show；are B．shows；is
C．show；is D．shows；are
解析： 考查主谓一致。第一空的主语中心词是A survey，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；第二空，four hours of exercise every week是一件事情，因此谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。
答案： B
2．(2017·陕西重点中学高三联考)The murderer，together with his two brothers，________sentenced to death just now.
A．was
B．were
C．is
D．are
解析： 考查主谓一致和时态。句意为：那个杀人犯，连同他的两个兄弟刚才均被判处死刑。together with连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与together with前面的成分保持一致，即与The murderer保持一致；由just now可知此处用一般过去时。
答案： A
3．(2017·黑龙江哈尔滨四校高三统一检测)A quantity of students ________in the shabby dormitory，while large amounts of money________spent on the headmaster’s new car.
A．live；has been
B．lives；has been
C．lives；have been
D．live；have been
解析： 考查主谓一致。句意为：大批的学生住在破旧的宿舍里，而大量的钱花在了校长的新车上。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“amounts of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
答案： C
4．(2017·河北普通高中高三教学质量监测)The woman，together with her husband and two children，all looking anxious，________the guard to let them through then.
A．was asking B．were asking
C．ask D．was asked
解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为：那时，那个妇女，连同她的丈夫和两个孩子，正在请求守卫让他们过去，他们看起来都很着急。主语后带有together with时，谓语动词应与前面的主语The woman保持一致；且根据句中的then可知，应用过去进行时。
答案： A
5．(2017·湖南省十二校第二次联考)Strangely enough，a pair of new trousers________in a pile of rubbish.
A．was found B．have found
C．has found D．were found
解析： 考查主谓一致和语态。句意为：奇怪的是，在垃圾堆里找到一条新裤子。尽管trousers是复数形式，但当前面有pair时，谓语动词要根据pair的单复数确定；另外，find与a pair of new trousers构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。再结合四个选项可知应选A。
答案： A