2015高考英语：完形填空（说明文）练习（1）及答案
说明文
【英语卷(解析)·2015届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试（201708）扫描版】
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg, a Gennan printer, developed a new printing press(印刷机)。Then single letters could be __41____ in lines to create a page of text.
The letters were made of metal.Each one could be ___42___ to different parts of the press,depending on which words were___43____
on a certain page. This was one of the most important ___44_____ in the history of pringting.
___45____, most books had been created by copying out text by hand. The__46__of a single book would take many hours or even days. With the Gutenberg press, ___47___ could be printted in several seconds, and many copies of books could be created in a few hours.
Gutenberg's printing press was not so much an i___48____, however, as an improvement of developing technologies. The Chinese were the first to use wooden blocks(木刻版)，as early as the 8th century. Then great __49___was made around 1040. The movable type was invented by Bi Sheng in China. European ___50____the printing methods centuries later. Another contribution to Cutenberg`s system also come from the East,__51____.The Chinese invented paper using ___52___materials,including old clothes. The kind of the inexpensive paper was introduced into Europe in 1000 or so. This kind of paper was __53___for the new European printing presses,__54____it took in the only ink required for the metal type.
Printing soon became an important __55___in a rapidly growing world. By 1500,nearly 35,000 books were in print worldwide. But the printing press did not ___56___a lot for a long time. In the 19th century , however, iron ____57___wood in the press`s framework. And paper became___58___in continuous rolls rather than more expensive single pieces. Steam engines ___59__the speed at which the press ran. In the late 1900s,the introduction of better presses greatly __60___the time it took to turn ideas into books.
41.A.used
B. put
C. read
D. written
42.A.shown
B .turned
C. moved
D. added
43.A.needed
B. lost
C. collected
D. found
44.A.challenged
B. studies
C. discoveries
D. developments
45.A.Recently
B. Immediately
C. Previously
D. Finally
46.A.discussion
B. production
C. instruction
D. preparation
47.A.pages
B. ideas
C. models
D. characters
48.A.attraction
B . expressin
C. competition
D. invention
49.A.accident
B. research
C. progress
D. situation
50.A.believed
B. followed
C .tested
D. required
51.A.paper
B. wood
C. letters
D. metal
52.A.fine
B. thin
C. heavy
D. cheap
53.A.useless
B. special
C. good
D. impossible
54.A.as
B. although
C. until
D. unless
55.A.fashion
B. industry
C. trick
D. belief
56.A.apply
B. help
C. work
D. change
57.A.replaced
B. controlled
C. became
D. protected
58.A.necesary
B. available
C. normal
D. valuable
59.A.reached
B. limited
C. increased
D. kept
60.A.made
B. allowed
C. wasted
D. reduced
【答案】【知识点】B4
说明文
【文章综述】本文讲述的本文印刷术的发展。
【答案解析】
41B.考查动词辨析A. used使用；B. put放；C. read读；D. written写；句意：然后这些单一的字母被排列成行制成一个文本。Put sth in lines把。。东西排列成行，故选B项。
42.C考查动词辨析A. shown 展示；B. turned 转过来；C .moved 移动；D. added 增加；句意：根据版面对于他的需要，每个字母可以移动到不同的地方。根据句意可知每个字母都可以移动，故选C项。
43.A考查动词辨析A. needed需要；B. lost失去；C. collected收集；D. found发现；句意：根据版面对于他的需要，每个字母可以移动到不同的地方。根据句意选A项。
44.D考查名词辨析A. challenges B. studies研究；C. discoveries发现；D. developments发展；句意：这是印刷史上最重要的发展之一。根据第一句话In the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg, a Gennan printer, developed a new printing press可知选D项。
45.C考查副词辨析A.Recently最近；B .Immediately立刻；C. Previously先前地；D. Finally最后地；句意：以前，许多的书可以能过手来进行抄写。根据语境可知在讲述以前的事情，故选C项。
46.B考查名词辨析A.discussion讨论；B. production生产；C. instruction说明；D. preparation准备；句意：一本书的生产会花费数小时甚至一天的时间。根据上文提到most books had been created by copying out text by hand可知选B项。
47.A考查名词辨析A.pages页；B. ideas想法；C .models模型；D.
characters角色；句意：用这种印刷机，在几秒钟内能打许多页，在几小时内就可印刷数本书。根据句意可知在几秒钟内印数页，再由页数构成书，故选A项。
48.D考查名词辨析A.attraction吸引；B. expressin表达；C. competition比赛；D. invention发明； 句意：古腾堡印刷术做为一项科技的发展并不是一项发明。根据下方提到The Chinese were the first to use wooden blocks(木刻版)，as early as the 8th century.
49.C考查名词辨析A.accident事故；B. research研究；C. progress进步；D. situation状况； 句意：然而比古腾堡印刷术早1040年。Make progress取得进步，故选C项。
50.B考查动词辨析A.believed相信；B. followed跟随；C. tested检测；D . required 要求 句意：毕升发明活字印刷术，数世纪后欧洲也紧随其后。
51.A考查名词辨析A.paper纸；B. wood木头；C. letters信；D .metal金属；句意：古腾堡另外一个贡献就是纸。根据下方提到The Chinese invented paper，故选A项。
52.D考查形容词辨析A.fine好的；B. thin瘦；C. heavy 重的；D. cheap便宜的；句意：中国发明了纸，用便宜的原料，包括旧衣服。根据下方提到The kind of the inexpensive paper was introduced into Europe in 1000 or so.可知选D项。
53.C考查形容词辨析A.useless无用的；B. special 特别的；C. good 好的；D. impossible不可能的；句意：这种纸有利于欧洲印刷术的进步。Be good for 对。。有好处，故选C项。
54.A考查连词辨析A.as由于；B .although虽然；C. until 直到；D. unless 除非； 句意：因为它适用于这种金属类型的印刷的油墨。两个句子之间是因果关系，故选A项。
55.B考查名词辨析A.fashion时尚；B .industry工业；C .trick 技巧；D. belief信念；句意：印刷很快成为这个快速发展的世界的重要的工业。根据句意可知印刷成为一项产业，故选B项。
56.D考查动词辨析A.apply 申请；B. help 帮助；C. work工作；D. change改变；句意：但印刷术在很长时间内并没有改变。根据but可知表示转折，故选D项。
57.A考查动词辨析A.replaced代替；B. controlled控制；C. became成为； D. protected 保护；句意：到了19世纪，铁代替木头在印刷中的框架作用。根据语境时代在发展，技术越来越先进，故选A项。
58.B考查形容词辨析A.necesary必要的；B. available可达到的；C. normal正常的；D. valuable有价值的；句意：纸变得更便宜。根据文中提到rather than more expensive single pieces而不是更贵的纸张，故选B项。
59.C考查动词辨析A.reached到达；B. limited限制；C. increased增加；D. kept保持；句意：蒸汽机增加印刷的快速发展。根据语境可知蒸汽机的发明加速印刷的发展，故选C项。
60.D考查动词辨析A.made制作；B. allowed 允许；C. wasted浪费；D. reduced减少；句意：到20世纪，更先进印刷术的引进减少把想法变成书的时间。
【由上海市黄浦区2017模拟改编】
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In India, almost all marriages are arranged. Even among the educated middle classes in modern urban India, marriage is as much a concern of the families as it is of the __1__. So customary is the practice of arranged marriage that there is a special name for a marriage which is not __2__: It is called a “love match”.
On my first trip to India, I met many young men and women whose parents were in the process of “getting them married”. In many cases, the bride and groom would not meet each other before the marriage. __3__ they might meet for a brief conversation, and this meeting would take place only after their parents had decided that the match was __4__. Parents do not force their children to marry a person who either marriage partner finds unacceptable. But only after one match is refused will another be sought.
As a young American woman in India for the first time, I found this custom of arranged marriage __5__. How could any intelligent young person __6__ to such a marriage without great reluctance? It was __7__ to everything I believed about the importance of romantic love as the only basis of a happy marriage. It was also in conflict with my strongly held beliefs that the choice of such a close and permanent relationship could be made only by individuals __8__. If anyone had tried to arrange my marriage, I would have been __9__!
Sita, one of my young friends, was a college graduate with a degree in political science. She had been __10__ for over a year while her parents were arranging a match for her. I found it difficult to accept the obedient（顺从的） manner in which this well-educated young woman awaited the outcome of a process that would __11__ her spending the rest of her life with a man she hardly knew, a total stranger, __12__ by her parents.
In frustration and distress, I asked her, “Don’t you care who you __13__?” “Of course I care,” she answered. “This is why I must let my parents choose a boy for me. My marriage is too important to be arranged by such a(n) __14__ person as myself. In such matters, it is better to have my parents’ __15__”.
1. A. classes
B. individuals
C. society
D. country
2.
A. matched
B. decided
C. concerned
D. arranged
3.
A. After all
B. In addition
C. At most
D. On average
4.
A. comfortable
B. imperfect
C. suitable
D. dissatisfying
5. A. acceptable
B. amazing
C. depressing
D. strange
6. A. agree
B. turn
C. exchange
D. devote
7.
A. customary
B. remarkable
C. similar
D. contrary
8.
A. involved
B. present
C. informed
D. available
9.
A. ambitious
B. proud
C. rebellious
D. puzzled
10.
A. fighting
B. protesting
C. waiting
D. dreaming
11.
A. profit from
B. hold back
C. act out
D. result in
12.
A. picked out
B. picked up
C. taken up
D. taken out
13.
A. encounter
B. favor
C. marry
D. join
14.
A. intelligent
B. unfortunate
C. inexperienced
D. careless
15.
A. blessing
B. guidance
C. fortune
D. promise
【参考答案】1 – 5 BDCCD
6 – 10 ADACC
11 – 15 DACCB
【由上海市崇明县2017模拟改编】
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Due to rising pollution and a strengthening yuan, Beijing saw its tourist numbers drop to 4.20 million visits from January to November in 2017 from 5.01 million visits in 2017.
The number of overseas travelers to Beijing grew after the city hosted the 2008 Olympics until 2017, when it saw a 3.8% __1__, followed by the further drop last year. The unexpected drop in 2017 came __2__ new policies introduced in a(n) __3__ to support China’s tourism industry. But only 14,000 tourists __4__ the visa-free stopover, according to the Beijing General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection, well short of the 20,000 target officials had __5__ predicted.
Jiang Yiyi, deputy director of the Institute of International Tourism at the China Tourism Academy, __6__ part of the drop-off in foreign tourists to the strengthening yuan.
In 2017, the yuan increased almost 3% against the U.S. dollar, making “Beijing a more expensive __7__ than in the past”, Jiang Yiyi noted. “At the same time,” she said, “other countries have seen their tourist numbers grow as the currencies(货币) __8__. While RMB is on the rise, currencies from some of China’s __9__ for tourism, such as Japan, are depreciating(贬值), meaning travel to some other Asian countries has been getting cheaper while travel to China is becoming more expensive, ” Jiang Yiyi said. In 2017, the Japanese yen fell 21% against the U.S. dollar, __10__ 10 million overseas tourists.
The Beijing Tourism Development Commission noted that the country’s battle with pollution is another __11__ cities face in attracting overseas tourists.
Heavy air pollution from Beijing to Shanghai, where pollution levels went off the charts in December, __12__ don’t do much to help attract tourists. China’s tourism officials are expecting to __13__ the trend of declining overseas visitors in 2017—possible, experts say, if it __14__ its outdated tour packages and lowers ticket prices.
Jiang Yiyi at the China Tourism Academy suggests China adopt a long-term national plan to __15__ the country’s image and investment in overseas tourism to attract more visitors.
1. A. growth
B. decline
C. change
D. influence
2. A. in addition to B. by means of
C. as a result of
D. in spite of
3. A. attempt
B. agreement
C. hurry
D. mood
4. A. got familiar with B. came up with
C. took advantage of D. put emphasis on
5. A. fortunately
B. frequently
C. previously
D. occasionally
6. A. devoted
B. owed
C. attached
D. exposed
7. A. destination
B. tourism
C. authority
D. association
8. A. reform
B. collapse
C. stabilize
D. weaken
9. A. competitors
B. supporters
C. investors
D. reminders
10. A. inspiring
B. attracting
C. disappointing
D. embarrassing
11. A. opportunity
B. situation
C. obstacle
D. alternative
12. A. relevantly
B. approximately
C. dramatically
D. certainly
13. A. set
B. reverse
C. confirm
D. follow
14. A. revises
B. sells
C. excludes
D. demonstrates
15. A. create
B. keep
C. damage
D. improve
【参考答案】
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. D 13. B
14. A
15. D