2015高考英语一轮精讲教案：必修6 （10）

　　选修6 Unit 5（2）

　　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.

　　另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

　　this being my first experience是独立主格结构。其主要的构成方式如下：

　　(1)独立分词结构：名称或代词主格＋分词

　　①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。

　　②He walked into the classroom，his_head_lowered.

　　他低着头走进教室。

　　(2)名称或代词主格＋不定式

　　③More presents to be given，she will find it difficult to accept.

　　再多给她一些礼物，她就会觉得很难接受。

　　(3)名称或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)

　　④There_being_no_one_else_to_turn_to，I had to come to see you.

　　我没有其他可以求助的人，只能来找你。

　　It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for language and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。

　　It is said that...意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，指代that引导的从句。该结构还可以改变成sb.is said to do...结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式在结构上的变化。

　　①It is said that a new shopping mall will be built in the city next year.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_built in the city next year.

　　据说该市明年要建一家新商场。

　　②It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_being built in the city at present.据说该市目前正在建一家新商场。

　　③It is said that a new shopping mall was built in the city the other day.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_have_been_built in the city the other day.据说几天前一家新商场在该市落成了。

　　网It is thought that...人们认为……

　　It is believed that人们相信……

　　It is hoped that...人们希望……

　　It is reported that...据报道……

　　It is well­known that...众所周知……

　　It is generally considered that...大家认为……

　　It is supposed that...据推测

　　④It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.

　　人们相信，至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或彻底被摧毁。

　　⑤It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.

　　人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

　　Ⅰ.句型转换

　　1．Because there was no bus，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.

　　→________ ________ ________ ________，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.

　　答案：　There being no bus

　　2．John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.

　　→________ ________ ________ ________John is one of the best teachers in the school.

　　答案：　It is said that

　　Ⅱ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·江苏南通二模)Carbon dioxide is said________the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.

　　A．to be heated B．to be heating

　　C．to have heated D．to have been heated

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。be said ＋to do意为“据说……”，Carbon dioxide与heat之间是主谓关系，而且heat这一动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，所以用不定式的进行式。

　　答案：　B

　　2．(2017·南昌二模)Nuclear radiation is said________the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.

　　A．being B．to be

　　C．to have been D．that it is

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。“sb./sth.＋be＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋to do sth.(＝It is/was＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋that...)”为常用句式，由此可排除A和D选项。且根据题干中的时间状语“over the past few months”可知，空格处应该使用不定式的完成式。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2017·安徽江南十校摸底)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，________some living patterns，scientists say.

　　A．changes B．changed

　　C．changing D．change

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：科学家们说，全球变暖正在影响着数百种的动植物并且改变了它们的一些生活方式。此处changing some living patterns作伴随状语。

　　答案：　C

　　4．(2017·鹰潭市二模)All the task________ahead of time，they decided to go on holiday for a week.

　　A．had been finished B．having been finished

　　C．were finished D．having finished

　　解析：　考查独立主格结构。句意为：所有的工作都已提前完成，他们决定去度假一周。本题为独立主格结构，task为finish的逻辑主语。句式分析：逗号后面为一完整句子，两句话之间没有任何连词，因此前面不能再为句子，故首先可排除A、C两项，又因为task与finish之间为被动关系，因此可排除D项。

　　答案：　B

　　5．(2017·银川一中第四次考试)The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly，________.

　　A．her long hair flowed in the breeze

　　B．her long hair was flowing in the breeze

　　C．her long hair flow in the breeze

　　D．her long hair flowing in the breeze

　　解析：　考查独立主格。句意为：照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，长发在微风中飘扬。本句的后半句是独立主格结构，hair与flow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。

　　答案：　D

　　wave vt.波动；挥手；n.波浪；波涛

　　wave to向……挥手

　　wave goodbye to向……挥手告别

　　Mike and I picked up our things and waved goodbye to Mrs Martin.迈克和我收拾好东西与马丁太太道了别。evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计evaluation n．估价；评价

　　make an evaluation of对……进行评估

　　They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.

　　他们对医疗保健计划进行了深入的评估。

　　unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的

　　unconsciously adv.无意识地；不知不觉地

　　conscious adj.神志清醒的；自觉的；有意的

　　consciously adv.有意识地；自觉地

　　Perhaps，unconsciously，I’ve done something to offend her.

　　我也许无意中做了什么得罪她的事。

　　【写作素材】

　　1．与自然灾害，如台风、飓风、洪水、地震和火山等相比，人类很弱小。

　　2．岩浆流经之处，一切都被掩埋在熔岩下面。人们惊慌失措，为自己的安全而担忧。

　　3．消防队员赶到起火的地方。虽然他们尽一切努力灭火，但是许多房子都被烧毁了。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

　　【连句成篇】

　　Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoon，hurricane，flood，earthquake and volcano，humans

　　are

　　weak.Wherever the lava

　　flows，everything

　　is

　　buried

　　under

　　the

　　molten

　　rock.People

　　are

　　in

　　panic

　　and

　　anxious about their

　　safety.The firemen

　　make their

　　way

　　to

　　the

　　places

　　on

　　fire.Though they make every effort to put out

　　the fire，many houses are burnt to the

　　ground.

　　v．­ing形式

　　1．(2017·江西赣州适应性考试)To find a good job，I need to continue my education，________myself with rich knowledge.

　　A．equip B．to equip

　　C．equipping D．equipped

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了找到一个好工作，我需要继续我的学业，用更丰富的知识来武装自己。分析题干可知，本句已有谓语动词need to continue，且逗号后无连词，故equip应用其非谓语动词形式来作伴随状语；又由于equip与其逻辑主语是主谓关系，故空格处应用现在分词一般式形式，即equipping，故答案选C。而不定式常作目的状语和结果状语，不作伴随状语，因此可排除B项。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2017·江西宜春市模拟)The girl was occupied in doing his homework，only________once in a while to look out of the window.

　　A．stopping B．to stop

　　C．stopped D．having stopped

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：那个女孩正忙着写作业，只是偶尔地停下来向窗外看一看。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词stopping。C项表示被动、完成，B项表目的，D项表示动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，均不符合语境，可排除。

　　答案：　A

　　3．(2017·福建质检)________a large salary rise already，Sarah is thinking of buying a new apartment.

　　A．Receiving B．Received

　　C．To receive D．Having received

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，逗号前为状语，空格处与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，由此可排除表被动的B项。C项常作目的和结果状语，也可排除。A、D两项均可作状语，且表示主动，A项表示与谓语的动作同时发生，D项表示在谓语动作之前发生。根据句意可知，空格处的动作是先发生的，因此应该使用现在分词的完成式。

　　答案：　D

　　4．(2017·天津耀华中学模考)________the room，the nurse found the tape recorder________.

　　A．Entering；stealing B．Entering；gone

　　C．To have entered；gone D．Having entered；to be stolen

　　解析：　考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意为：护士进入房间里发现磁带录音机不见了。主语the nurse与enter是主谓关系，第一空用现在分词形式；steal和the tape recorder是动宾关系，第二空应用过去分词形式。由此可排除A、C、D三项。gone在这里是形容词，意为“消失的”，故B项正确。

　　答案：　B课时作业(三十)　Unit 5　The power of nature

　　(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)

　　第七讲　“深奥难懂”的词义猜测题

　　猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考中考查阅读能力的一个方面。因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧对突破高考阅读理解和提高考生的英语语言运用能力都有非常重要的意义。

　　(2017·北京卷)

　　EP Portable Heater

　　We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world，the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills，and runs almost silent.

　　The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.

　　The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters，you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

　　The advanced EP also heats the room evenly，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP，the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

　　The EP comes with a 3­year warranty (保修) and a 60­day，no questions asked，satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.

　　Now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that，we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

　　Take action right now!

　　语篇解读　本文为应用文，是一则关于加热器的广告。

　　1．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

　　A．The heat of the EP.B．The safety of the EP.

　　C．The appearance of the EP. D．The material of the EP.

　　解析：　主旨大意题。这段主要介绍了此款加热器不会引起火灾、烧伤孩子或宠物，由此可知本段主要在讲加热器的安全性，故此题选择B项。

　　答案：　B

　　2．From the passage，we can learn that the EP________.

　　A．doesn’t burn up oxygen

　　B．runs without any noise

　　C．makes people get sleepy

　　D．is unsuitable for children and pets

　　解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句话“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此题选择A项。

　　答案：　A

　　3．The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means________.

　　A．continuously

　　B．separately

　　C．quickly

　　D．equally

　　解析：　词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知，此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热屋子中心部分，故此题选择D项equally平等地、均匀地。

　　答案：　D

　　4．The main purpose of the passage is to________.

　　A．persuade people to buy the product

　　B．advise people to save on heating bills

　　C．report the new development of portable heaters

　　D．compare the functions of different heater brands

　　解析：　推理判断题。全文一直在介绍加热器的优点，倒数第二段提到了打折，最后一段号召大家赶快行动，从这些方面都可以看出这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们买此产品，故选择A项。

　　答案：　A

　　1．通过构词法猜测词义。阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词，考生可以依据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。

　　2．通过同义、反义前后对比关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语，这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。

　　例如真题示例第3题，我们可利用前后对比法猜测词义。下文提到其他加热器只加热屋子中心部分，而此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子，故猜测“evenly”的含义为“equally”。

　　3．同义解释法

　　同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号，同位语(从句)，定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。

　　4．通过上下文的联系猜测词义。

　　考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而猜测词义。

　　5．通过经验及生活常识猜测词义。在做阅读理解题时，考生有时可以运用自身的实际生活经验及生活常识猜测词义。

　　完形填空

　　It was unusually quiet in the emergency room on December 25.I didn’t think there would be any__1__，sighing about having to work on Christmas.Just then five bodies__2__at my desk，a pale woman and four children.

　　“Are you all__3__？”I asked.

　　“Yes，” she said weakly and lowered her head.

　　But when it came to__4__of their problems，things got a little uncertain.Two of the children had headaches，two children had earaches，__5__only one could tell me which ear was affected.The__6__complained of a cough but seemed to work to produce it.

　　I didn’t say anything but__7__that it might he a little while__8__a doctor could see her.She responded，“__9__your time；it’s warm in here.”

　　Then，I checked their chart.No address—they were__10__.The waiting room was warm.

　　I went back to the nurses station and mentioned we had a homeless__11__in the waiting room.The nurses，complaining of__12__on Christmas，turned to sympathy for a family just trying to get__13__on Christmas.The team went into action，much as we do when there’s a__14__emergency.But this was a Christmas emergency.

　　We were all__15__a free meal on Christmas Day，so we took back that meal and prepared a big dinner for our__16__.We needed presents.We__17__from different departments candies，fruits and other things__18__that could be presents.As seriously as we met the__19__needs of the patients，our team worked to meet the needs of a family who just wanted to be warm on Christmas.

　　Later，as the family walked to the door to__20__，the four­year­old boy came running back，gave me a hug and whispered，“Thanks for being our angels today.”

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。圣诞夜，当我们这些护士为还要继续工作而抱怨时，一家五口来急诊。当我们了解情况后，纷纷伸出援助之手，让无家可归的一家人度过了一个温暖的圣诞节。

　　1.A.customers B．patients

　　C．workers D．tourists

　　解析　customer意为“顾客”；patient意为“病人”；worker意为“工人”；tourist意为“游客”。根据下文内容可知，此处是医院，“我”想着圣诞节应该不会再有病人了。

　　答案　B

　　2．A.showed up B．took in

　　C．came out D．looked on

　　解析　show up意为“出现”；take in意为“吸收；欺骗”；come out意为“出版；结果是”；look on意为“旁观”。根据上下文内容可知，是五个人出现在“我”的办公桌前。

　　答案　A

　　3．A.eager B．hungry

　　C．sick D．warm

　　解析　由语境可知，此处是在医院，因此我询问他们是不是都病了。

　　答案　C

　　4．A.descriptions B．comments

　　C．instructions D．results

　　解析　description意为“描述”；comment意为“评论”；instruction意为 “说明”；result意为“结果；成绩”。由语境可知，当他们开始描述他们的病情时，事情就有点让人摸不着头脑了。

　　答案　A

　　5．A.so B．for

　　C．thus D．but

　　解析　由语境可知，两个孩子说头疼，两个孩子说耳朵疼，但只有一个能告诉“我”是哪只耳朵疼。这里表示一种转折关系。

　　答案　D

　　6．A.mother B．children

　　C．nurses D．doctor

　　解析　根据上文内容可知，母子共五人来看病，其中四个孩子都说了自己的问题，只剩下母亲没有说了，因此是孩子的母亲说自己咳嗽了。

　　答案　A

　　7．A.answered B．imagined

　　C．explained D．analysed

　　解析　answer意为“回答”；imagine意为“想象”；explain意为“解释”；analyse意为“分析”。由语境可知，“我”也没说什么，只是解释说，过会儿医生才会来给她检查。

　　答案　C

　　8．A.after B．since

　　C．before D．when

　　解析　由语境可知，在医生来之前还得有一会儿。

　　答案　C

　　9．A.Make B．Take

　　C．Care D．Spend

　　解析　make意为“使得；形成”；take意为“拿；取”；care意为“在意”；spend意为“度过”。由语境可知，她回答说：“不着急，这里挺暖和的。”take one’s time意为“不着急”，符合语境。

　　答案　B

　　10．A.lonely B．greedy

　　C．clever D．homeless

　　解析　lonely意为“孤独的”；greedy意为“贪婪的”；clever意为“聪明的”；homeless意为“无家可归的”。由语境可知，“我”查了下他们的登记表，但登记表上没有写地址，因此他们是无家可归的。

　　答案　D

　　11．A.family B．holiday

　　C．woman D．Christmas

　　解析　由语境可知，回到护士室，“我”讲述了候诊室里这无家可归的一家子人的事。

　　答案　A

　　12．A.operating B．interrupting

　　C．managing D．working

　　解析　operate意为“手术；操作”；interrupt意为“中断”；manage意为“管理”；work意为“工作”。由语境可知，原本抱怨圣诞节还要上班的护士们，都转而同情起在圣诞节只祈求温暖的这家人了。

　　答案　D

　　13．A.present B．warm

　　C．relief D．comfort

　　解析　present，意为“礼物”；warm意为“温暖”；relief意为“救济；安慰”；comfort意为“安慰”。根据上文内容可知，这家人在圣诞节来到医院，是为了寻找温暖。

　　答案　B

　　14．A.beneficial B．friendly

　　C．medical D．different

　　解析　beneficial意为“有益的”；friendly意为“友好的”；medical意为“医学的”；different意为“不同的”。由语境可知，这个团队马上展开行动，就好像我们对待医疗紧急情况一样，只不过这次是“圣诞节急诊”。

　　答案　C

　　15．A.rewarded B．offered

　　C．allowed D．ordered

　　解析　reward意为“奖励”；offer意为“提供”；allow意为“允许”；order意为“命令”。由语境可知，圣诞节这天，医院食堂免费给我们提供一顿饭。

　　答案　B

　　16．A.neighbors B．relations

　　C．brothers D．guests

　　解析　neighbor意为“邻居”；relation意为“关系”；brother意为“兄弟”；guest意为“客人”。由语境可知，我们把饭领回来，为我们的圣诞客人准备了一场大的宴会。

　　答案　D

　　17．A.borrowed B．received

　　C．collected D．bought

　　解析　由语境可知，我们从不同的科室收集了糖和水果。collect from意为“收集”，符合语境。

　　答案　C

　　18．A.expensive B．fantastic

　　C．generous D．available

　　解析　expensive意为“昂贵的”；fantastic意为“奇异的；极好的”；generous意为“慷慨的”；available意为“可得的；可利用的”。由语境可知，除了糖和水果，还有一些能当做礼物的可以利用的东西。

　　答案　D

　　19．A.healthy B．physical

　　C．tragic D．mental

　　解析　healthy意为“健康的”；physical意为“身体的；物理的”；tragic意为“悲剧的：不幸的”；mental意为“精神的；脑力的”。由语境可知，我们的团队工作严肃，就像满足患者的身体需要一样，我们尽力满足这家人只想过一个温暖圣诞节的愿望。

　　答案　B

　　20．A.leave B．travel

　　C．rest D．relax

　　解析　由语境可知，当这家人走到门前要离开的时候，那个四岁的孩子跑回来，给了“我”拥抱和感谢。

　　答案　A

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