* * * * * * * * * * * (七)目的的表达手段 表目的的表达手段很多，用作不同的成分有不同的表达。 1.用谓语表达：aim/intend to do sth (目的是;旨在) 2.用状语表达： ⑴ so as to /in order to /in an effort to do… (为了做某事) ⑵ with/for the purpose of doing sth (带着……的目的；为了)
⑶ in hopes/the hope of (怀着……的希望) ⑷ with dreams of doing (带着…的梦想)
⑸ with the goal of doing sth (目的是) 3.用不定式作表语表达： ⑴ The aim/ purpose of sth/ doing sth is to do… (做某事的目的是) ⑵ Our goal is to do…(我们的目标/目的是) ⑶ The aim is to do (目的是) 4.用从句表达： ⑴ so that … (以便) ⑵ in order that…(为了) ⑶ in the hope that… (怀着……的希望) 可用于各种体裁和文体的文章中。 【典型例题10】 (2010年广东高考)信息点： 目标
所有室内公共场所无烟实施时间： 2011年1月1日起
信息表达
This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011. 或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1, 2011. 【典型例题11】(2016年广东高考)信息点： 时间
2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。 目的
理解不同文化中成功人生的含义。
信息表达
He says the project is intended
to give him a good understanding of what a successful life means in different cultures. 或 The purpose of this project is to understand the different meanings of a successful life in different cultures.
或 In order to understand /With the purpose of understanding the meaning of a successful life in different cultures, Richard, from 2011, began to seek time twins around the world.
【即时练习】 10. 节目的宗旨 帮平民圆梦，点燃(ignite)平民百姓对生活的热情，甚至改变他们的人生
信息表达 The aim of the program is to help common people realize their dreams, ignite their passion for life, and even change their life. (八)原因的表达手段
该手段是应用最广泛的手段，可以说无处不在，其表达手段也很多，且用于各种体裁和文体的文章中 介词短语： because of , due to, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that+从句, as a result of等 从句：because, as, since, so…that… 句式：The reason for/why…is that…(……的原因是……)
述说多种原因： ⑴ The reasons why I choose…. are as follows: to begin with, … What’s more,
… Last but not the least, ….
⑵ There are several reasons accounting for my choice of …. First, … Second,… Third, … ⑶
My reasons are as follows. For one thing, … and for another (thing), …. 【典型例题12】(2009广东高考)信息点： 专家解读 ⑴ 原因：很复杂 ⑵ 治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视
信息表达
He also pointed out that the causes of short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure it. 或Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us. 【典型例题13】(2016年广东高考)信息点： 专家观点 ⑴ 火星条件太艰苦；
⑵ 面临严寒气候、孤独和恐惧。
信息表达 Some experts think that the living conditions on the Mars are hard because it is difficult for the volunteers to face the cold weather, loneliness and fear.
【典型例题14】 (2016上海)要点： 上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。 ［写作内容］ 说明你的理由(从便利性、专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比)。
信息表达
In my opinion, it is more advisable
to hold the art exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries.
My reasons are as follows. On one hand,
it is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city.
And the museum is much more spacious than community libraries, which provides visitors with a more comfortable environment for appreciating art. On the other hand, as a well-known museum, Shanghai Museum is more professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions. Its professional security guards and advanced facilities can better protect those famous paintings from being damaged or stolen.
【即时练习】 11. 选择文科或理科的理由。(述说多个理由) 信息表达
There are several reasons accounting for my choice of science. First, science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China. Second, the science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist. Third, my parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. Last but not the least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me have a lot to do with my decision. (九)对比的表达手段
表达对比的语言手段主要有：in comparison to(与……相比) , compared with/ to (与……比起来)，in comparison /in contrast(相比之下), while (而，却)， however (然而)，on the contrary (相反的是)等。主要用于调查、图表、研究报告、观点对比等体裁的文章中。 【典型例题15】 (2007年广东高考)信息点： 偶像(idol) 女生 男生 伟人 18% 18% 父母 25% 11% 影视明星 50% 14% 没有偶像 1% 9% 体育明星 6% 48% 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异。
信息表达
The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars.
【典型例题16】 (2016福建卷)要点表达： 描述漫画内容：
信息表达
From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in
the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
【即时练习】 12. 翻译
____________________________(和手写日记相比), micro blogs are far more flexible. They can be used to expose corruption(腐败) and injustice. For example, without micro blogs we would not have known about the “Guo Meimei incident”.
Compared with a written diary
13. 信息点⑴ 中国青少年：对海外留学感兴趣；
⑵ 日本青少年：最不愿意到国外留学。 信息表达 Chinese teenagers show an interest in overseas studies, while Japanese teenagers are the least willing to study abroad.
或Compared with Chinese teenagers who show an interest in overseas studies, Japanese teenagers are the least willing to study abroad.
(十)举例的表达手段 该手段的应用范围很广，仅次于原因的表达手段，可应用于各种体裁的文章中。主表达手段有： 1. such as/ like/ such…as…
(后接名词、动名词，不能接句子和动词原形) 2. For instance,…./ For example, …(前后有标点，后接句子) 3. Take sb. or sth for example/ Take sb. or sth as an example(用于举一个例子) 【典型例题17】 (2016年广东高考)信息点： 职业包括政府官员、运动员、司机、教师、艺术家等。
信息表达
They are from almost all walks of life, such as government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers, artists and so on. 14. 信息点 ⑴ 假设你是某大学的学生李津，你校英语俱乐部将选举新一届副主席，负责规划、组织俱乐部的相关活动，你欲参选，请按以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。 ⑵ 组织校内的活动的设想：举办讲座、英语晚会等。 ⑶ 组织校际交流活动的设想：举办辩论赛、演讲比赛等。 【即时练习】 信息表达
Also, in order to improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to organize some activities at school like lectures and English parties and inter-school ones such as English debate competitions and speech contests. 15. 举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。
信息表达
Actually there is a lot I can do to share mother’s daily burden. For example, I can help my mother with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself after school. 原创模拟 你校最近举办了一次募捐活动，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇报道。 ［写作内容］
基本情况： ⑴ 组织者：校团委和义工协会 (The School League Committee & Volunteer Association) ⑵ 时间：2016年9月27日下午3点至5点 ⑶ 地点：学校一楼中央大厅( the Central Hall) ⑷ 主题：给山区学生献爱心 ⑸ 捐助者：学校全体学生 ⑹ 募捐物品：衣物、书本、文具等 募捐目的： ⑴ 通过此次活动培养学生的爱心。 ⑵ 帮助四川大凉山区家庭贫困的学生继续学业。 募捐情况： ⑴ 80%的学生捐出衣物、书籍、作业本、文具等一万多件(item)，高三(22)班捐助最多。有一位不愿透露姓名的高三学生花了4000元零花钱购买药品和文具捐到现场。 ⑵ 募捐所得已由义工协会成员送往捐助总站(the Donation Station)。
The School League Committee & Volunteer Association organized a donation activity (主题) with the theme of showing love for the poor students in the Central Hall of the first floor of our school from 3 pm to 5 p.m. on September 27th , 2016. (目的) The purpose of the activity was to cultivate the students’ sense of love and help the poverty-stricken students from mountainous areas of Daliang Sichuan Province to continue their study.
(百分比) 80% of the students in our school took an active part in the activity, donating more than 10,000 items, (举例) such as clothes, books, stationery and so on with Class 22, Senior 3 donating the most. An unnamed Senior 3 student spent 4000 yuan of his pocket money on medicine and stationery and donated them to the scene of the donation. All of these items have been delivered to the Donation Station by the members of the Volunteer Association.
*
语言表达手段十种
考查写作的目的就是考查考生整合信息，并用适当词语、句型或语言手段产生出连贯语篇的能力。现介绍十类常用整合信息的语言手段，这在近年的广东高考以及各地模拟写作题中出现频率非常高，考生掌握这些语言手段对提高写作能力一定有很大的帮助。 (一)同位语手段 【典型例题1】信息点： 人物
英国人查理德·阿维斯（Richard Avis） 出生日期
1974年12月1日 时间
2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。(2016年广东高考) 主要用于介绍人物、地点、产品、书名、节日等。 信息表达: Richard Avis, a British man born on December 1st, 1974, started a project to have a global search for his time twins in 2011. 【即时练习】 1. (中秋节)时间每年阴历八月十五日，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。 信息表达
The Mid-autumn Festival, one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the Lunar calendar every year. 2. 人物张海
年龄：22岁
身份：大学生 事迹 三进着火的房子救出一名婴儿。 信息表达
Zhang Hai, a 22-year-old college student, rushed/dashed/ventured into the burning house three times to rescue a baby.
(二)主题的呈现手段
该语言手段要用到的词语有很多，简单的有about, on, as to等，复杂的有concerning, regarding, with respect to, with the theme of等。主要用于调查、采访、讨论、辩论、演讲、介绍书名等文章中。 【典型例题2】信息点： 时间
上周末 对象
眼科医生（eye-doctor）王教授 主题
我国中小学生近视（short-sightedness）问题。 (2009年广东高考) 信息表达 Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China. 【典型例题3】信息点： 效应(这本书)引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论。 (2011广东高考)
信息表达
The book has received a heated discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American educational ways.
【即时练习】 3. 你校举办了创意作品比赛，请为校报写一篇英语快讯，报道比赛的情况。 比赛目的 养成保护环境的习惯 主题 废物利用 组织 者学生会 信息表达 Aiming to cultivate the good habit of protecting the environment, the Students’ Union held a creative works competition with the theme of making good use of waste materials.
(三)观点的呈现手段 可用短语有according to sb. (根据某人的看法),
in my eyes (在我眼里), in my view/opinion(在我看来，我认为), from my personal perspective (从我的角度来看)，as for sb. (至于……，就……而言)，as far as I’m concerned (对我而言)等，句型有sb. believes/thinks/claims/argues，sb. holds the belief that, sb. told us that…，sb. pointed out that…(某人指出)等。主要用于调查、采访、讨论、辩论、演讲和其他议论文等中。 【典型例题4】 (2016年广东高考)信息点： 志愿者观点 ⑴ 厌倦地球生活、想体验火星生活； ⑵ 如果成功，就是人类英雄。
信息表达
Some volunteers hold the belief that they will be the heroes of human beings if they succeed. Moreover, they want to know what life is like on the Mars because they are tired of the life on the earth. 【典型例题5】(2016年广东高考)信息点： 学习态度
挑战自我，永远为时不晚。
信息表达 He believes that one is never too old to challenge himself. 4. 观众评价(《中国梦想秀》节目)： ⑴ 帮助许多平民百姓实现了他们的梦想，传播正能量; ⑵ 不仅是一档电视节目，还是一项公益活动。 信息表达 The audience think highly of the program, claiming that the program, which has helped many common people realize their dreams, spreads positive energy among people. In their eyes, it is not only a TV program but also a public welfare activity. 【即时练习】 (四)比例的表达手段 1.百分比的表达。如： ⑴ 70% of the…(注意：of后接名词时一定要有the，但接us, them等代词时不用冠词) ⑵ seventy percent of the…
⑶ 70 percent of the… (注意：考生最易漏用of) 2. 还有一些其他比例的表达手段。如： ⑴ 一半： half of the … =fifty percent of the… ⑵ 四分之一(25%)：a quarter of=25 percent of the… ⑶ 四分之三(75%)：three quarters of =75 percent of the… 3. 分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如： 1/4: one fourth
2/3: two thirds
7/8: seven eighths
五个当中有三个：three out of five, three in five
比例的表达手段主要用于调查、采访、讨论、研究报告、图表等体裁的文章中。 【典型例题6】(2010年广东高考)信息点： 相关数据⑴ 吸烟人数：约3.5亿
⑵ 分布：男性75％, 女性：25％
信息表达 Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women. 【典型例题7】 (2016江门一模)信息点： 信息点 ⑴ 约70%(外来工)回家：家人团聚，感 受家庭温暖 ⑵ 约20%(外来工)不回：购票特难，交通拥挤 信息表达
According to the survey, about 70% of migrant workers choose to go back home for the reason that they want to get together with their family members, feeling the warmth of family reunion. However, about 20% of them choose to stay instead of going back home because of the reasons that it is too difficult to buy tickets, and the traffic is crowded. 【即时练习】 5.采访者中不愿网购的比例：28% 不愿网购的原因 ⑴ 容易买到劣质产品；
⑵ 担心个人信息被泄露。 信息表达
28% of the interviewees are not willing to shop online, arguing that it is easy for them to buy the products of poor quality, and that their personal information may leak out. (五)排位的表达手段
表“排位”要用到的词语有：rank +（the+）序数词，be +the+序数词，be+ in the +序数词+place等；也可以用“is the +形容词最高级+范围”来表达。主要用于调查、采访、讨论、研究报告、图表、人物介绍、地点介绍、节目等体裁的文章中。 【典型例题8】 (2009年广东高考)信息点： 基本信息 ⑴ 发生率：略高于50％
⑵ 人数：世界第一
信息表达
According to Professor Wang, a little more than 50% of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world. 【即时练习】 6.翻译 最近播出的电视连续剧《勇敢的心》的收视率排榜首。
信息表达 Braveheart, one of the recently broadcast TV series ranks first among all the TV series.
7. 信息点 我，优秀生，名列班前五，擅长英语，尤其是英语口语。
信息表达
As an excellent student, among the top 5 in my class of 50 students, I’m good at English, especially spoken English. 8. 现状
与数据世界人口70亿，其中中国和印度人口分别位居世界第一、第二。
信息表达
It is reported that there are currently seven billion people in the world, with China ranking the top most populated country of the world and India, the second.
(六)建议的表达手段 短语： advise sb. to do…(劝某人做某事) 从句： ⑴ sb. suggests that… ⑵ sb. gives sb. a suggestion that… ⑶ It is suggested that…⑷ It is highly advisable that… ⑸
give sb. some advice on … 主要用于调查、采访、讨论、研究报告、图表和其他议论文中。 【典型例题9】(2009广东高考)信息点： 专家解读
建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动。
信息表达
He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.
或He gave us a suggestion that school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities.
或School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities. 【即时练习】 9. 解决建议
出台法规，要求给宠物办理“户口” (have an identity card) ，这样发生事故时，宠物的主人才避免不了责任，这个问题才可得到缓解。 信息表达 It is suggested that a regulation which requires pets to have an identity card should be introduced. In this case, if an accident happens, the pet’s master can’t avoid responsibility, and the problem will be relieved to some extent. * * * * * * * * * * * *