In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. ［难句理解］ 结构分析：句中主句的主干是Napoleon receives a representative；In a scene… Peace是介词短语作地点状语, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812是“名词+现在分词短语”构成的独立主格结构，作时间状语，相当于when the wars had reached the critical year of 1812；最后的who has come with peace terms是定语从句，先行词是a representative(代表)。 汉语大意：在《战争与和平》第三卷的一场戏里，战争到了决定性的1812,拿破伦接待沙皇派来的进行和平条约谈判的一个代表。 * * * * 2008年广东高考真题 41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means ____.
A. interest
B. distance
C. difference
D. separation 41. C
词义猜测题。由上文，特别是There was just a complete gap in taste (在兴趣方面简直完全不同)中的gap，以及下句，特别是move in separate orbits(在不同轨道上运行，即完全不一样)可知，上几代的父母与他们的小孩不只是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且有从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，都有很大的“差异”。事实上，Music was not the only gulf.是承上启下的句子，gulf就是gap的同义词复现，gap的英语释义是a difference that separates people, or their opinions, situation, etc.，故选difference。 A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? 42. D
细节理解题。用disappear搜索，找到“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families(如今，代沟虽然还没有消失，但是在许多家庭里已在逐渐变小了)”，这句是本文的主题句，其后就是主题句的支撑句。选项C对性和吸毒的话题较上代人“谈得更多”与文中“上代人不谈(would not have taken place a generation ago)”不符，应排除；选项A和B只含文中个别单词(如trust, interests, activities)，但与文中意义不符，应排除；选项D是对本段主题句后的几句(talk about sex and drugs, parent-child activities )的概括；事实上，本文前三段是为了引出主题句，第一段是对现在情况的描述，第二和第三段是对过去情况的回忆，选项D也是对第一段的概括(dress alike, listen to the same music, talk about interests)，故选D。 A. more confusion among parents
B. new equality between parents and children C. less respect for parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is ____. 43. B
细节理解题。本题是问“如今父母与子女关系的变化是什么”，即有什么变化，用change搜索，根据命题的顺序性，很快在第六段找到“but there is a change happening(有一种变化在发生)”，在其前后找对应各选项的相关信息；选项A和选项C都是that change的结果，而不是变化本身，都应排除；选项D与事实恰恰相反，应排除；用选项B中的new equality在文中搜索，找到本段第一句But family experts warn that the new equality…这里的the new equality(新型的平等关系)就是对前段或上文所说的父母与子女关系的变化的概括，故选B。 A. follow the trend of the change
B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously
D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents ____. 44. A
细节理解题。结合上一段可知，today’s parents就是20世纪60年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他们应当是“顺应这种变化趋势”的。 A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent-child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent-child relationship D. compare today’s parent-child relationship with that in the past 45. The purpose of the passage is to _____.
45. B
写作目的题。由主题句“Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families”及全文，可知本文是讨论父母与子女关系的变化发展的，故选B。 ［复记强化］ distant
adj. 疏远的
authority
n. 权威;威信 confusion
n. 困惑 evolving
adj. 正在变化的 open communication坦诚交流 democratic process民主进程 Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. ［难句理解］ 结构分析：这是一个有38个词的长句，主句he remembers… his parents的前面和后面都各有一个由when引导的时间状语从句，在第一个时间状语从句中(that) both enjoy是一个定语从句，修饰interests。
汉语大意：有时，当鲍尔默先生和他十六岁的女儿伊莉莎白一起欣赏摇滚音乐，或一起谈论共同爱好，如大众文化的时候，他会回忆起他十几岁时同他父母的那种更为疏远的关系。 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you ____.
A. dare to challenge yourself
B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself
D. have a high opinion of yourself 46. C
细节理解题。用build a positive self-image搜寻，根据命题的顺序原则，很快在第一段末找到“If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself (当你觉得对自信产生质疑时，就是你该建立积极的自我形象并学会爱自己的时候了)”，believing in yourself is a challenge就是you are unconfident about yourself的另一种表达，故选C。 A. have positive effects
B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable
D. have different functions 47. According to the passage, our self-images ___. 47. B
细节理解题。根据命题的顺序性原则，在第二段找到“Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be(不幸的是, 大多数这种自我形象都比它们本来的事实更加否定)”,可见“自我形象可能不真实”，故选B。 A. To keep a different image of others.
B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world.
D. To change the way you think. 48. How should you change your self-image according to the passage? 48. D
细节理解题。用change your self-image搜索，在第二段找到最后一句 “Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world”,可见选D。 A. How to prepare for your success.
B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image.
D. How to develop your good qualities. 49. What is the passage mainly about? 49. C
主旨大意题。第一段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第三段首句的the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to…，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to…都是说明如何肯定的自我形象的。 A. Parents.
B. Adolescents.
C. Educators.
D. People in general. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? 50. B
推理判断题。由第一段第四句中we’re the apple of our parents eyes…our Grandmas think we’re…and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的。 ［复记强化］ tricky
adj. 需要技巧的
positive
adj. 肯定的；积极的 passive
adj. 消极的
negative
adj. 否定的；消极的 primary
adj. 初期的 objective
adj. 真实的；客观的 far from远远不；完全不
convince yourself of使你自己相信…… go a long way towards有助于
pat yourself on the back自我恭维; 自己赞扬自己 ［难句理解］Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. 结构分析：本句中Changing the way…and working on those是两个并列的动名词作主语；在这两个并列的动名词短语后面又各有一个定语从句，分别修饰way和those。
汉语大意：改变你思考的方式和努力提升你的弱项，将有助于促进积极的自我形象。 A. far from the historical facts
B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts
D. not related to historical details 51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ____. 51. C
细节理解题。由第一段倒数第三句 “it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts…(这里要讨论的问题，不是托尔斯泰描写的准确性——与史料记载并未相去甚远，而是他对事实材料的选择，有关这个人的其他事情本来可以说的却没有说)” 可知，特别是choice与选项中的selection是同义表达。选项A“不符合历史事实”和选项D“与历史细节无关”与文中not that far off from historical accounts不符，应排除；选项B“以俄国历史为依据”是无中生有，应排除。 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because ____.
A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with 52. A
细节理解题。用angry或representative搜寻，在第二段中部找到关键信息，由“Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms (拿破仑非常生气：难道他没有更多的军队了？提出和平条件的应该是他，而不是沙皇)” 可知，选A。选项D与文中doesn’t he have more army?意思相反，选项B和C是无中生有。 A. To walk out of the room in anger.
B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar.
D. To express his admiration. 53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? 53. D
推理判断题。由倒数第二段的第一句“Well, well, why don’t you say anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. (“为什么一句话也不说？”他说。好像有他在场，除了他拿破伦外，尊敬任何人都是荒谬的)可推断，他是希望沙皇代表对他表达尊敬或赞美。 A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests
B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe
D. crazy for power and respect 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is ____. 54. D
推理判断题。由第二段中的He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms可推出拿破伦对power的渴望；由第三段最后一句可推知拿破仑对respect的渴望。 A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? 55. A
推断隐含意义。“Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.”的字面意思是“托尔斯泰做过研究，但作品是他自己的”；结合本文论点“通过选材来勾画角色的品性是小说家的一种惯用手法”不难推知，小说家是可以根据自己的意志来选材的，例如一个人有对有错，想说这个人坏，可以挑选他做过的坏事来写，想说他好，可以挑选他做过的好事来写，即虽然都是事实，但不一定完全忠实对这个人所有的了解。选项B、C、D都推理过度。 复 记 强 化 undersize
adj.
较一般人矮小的
issue
n.
议题；要讨论的问题 critical
adj. 起决定作用的
ridiculous
adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 powdered
adj.
粉状的
present
vt. 呈现；介绍 historical accounts史料记载
the accuracy of ……的准确性 that is the point这就是问题的实质
engage sb. in sth.使某人参加或从事某事 in sb.’s presence有某人在场
crazy for渴望得到 * * * *