2016届高考英语二轮复习课件：阅读理解五 4

　　· 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 高考二轮总复习 第一部分 微专题强化练 五　阅读理解 第一部分 4　主旨大意题 考 向 分 析 考 题 引 路 强 化 训 练 2 3 1 易 错 防 范 4 考 向 分 析 年份 试题 主旨大意题数 命题趋势 2016 卷Ⅰ 2 该题型略有下降，但干扰项越来越强。 卷Ⅱ 2 2015 卷Ⅰ 1 卷Ⅱ 1 考 题 引 路 Passage 1 (2015·课标全国Ⅱ·B) Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self­conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue. Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass. 立意与点拨：本文向我们介绍了家居环境对我们饮食的影响，然后给出了如何通过改变房间光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的大小等来控制饮食，从而保持体型的建议。 1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about______. A．their home comforts B．their body shape C．house buying D．healthy diets 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Your house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能会对你的体型有影响。)和第二句．..the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(你设计房子的方式对你是增肥还是减肥会起作用。)可以推断文章尤其对那些在乎体型的人有帮助，故选B项。 2．A home environment in blue can help people________. A．digest food better B．reduce food intake C．burn more calories D．regain their appetites 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，研究发现，在蓝色房间内吃饭的人要比在黄色或红色房间内吃饭的人少吃33%的食物，这和B项意思相符，故选B项。 3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A．Eat quickly. B．Play fast music. C．Use smaller spoons. D．Turn down the lights. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.可知，当我们用大汤匙的时候，摄入的总量要比使用小汤匙多14%，所以作者建议我们要想保持体型，就应该用较小的汤匙，故选C项。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of Self­Consciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 答案：A　主旨大意题。文章开篇点题Your house may have an effect on your figure.然后从专家的角度进行了进一步的说明the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off，并给那些想减肥的人士提了一些房间布置的建议，故选A项。 Passage 2 (2016·课标全国Ⅱ·A) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照)． He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件)．Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 立意与点拨：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她的丈夫在一个陌生的城市丢失了重要的文件，正在绝望之时突然有人打来电话告知文件下落。一家善良的人发现了他丢失的文件并归还，这让作者与丈夫重拾对他人的信任。 1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A．Go shopping. B．Find a house. C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Rashid到达悉尼后，要为“我”和孩子找房子。故选B。 2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from______. A．a friend of his family B．a Sydney policeman C．a letter in his papers D．a stranger in Sydney 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第五段的At last they had seen a half­written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知，他们是从文件中的一封信中发现了Rashid的电话号码，然后给他打了电话。故选C。

　　3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A．Showed. B．Gave back. C．Delivered. D．Sent out. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据restored所在的句子以及上文可知，作者的丈夫丢失了文件，捡到文件的那一家人把文件归还给我们。restore表示“将(某失物等)归还原主”，相当于give back。故选B。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．From India to Australia

　　B．Living in a New Country C．Turning Trash to Treasure

　　D．In Search of New Friends 答案：C　主旨大意题。“我”丈夫丢失的重要文件是被一家人在垃圾桶中发现的，然后归还了我们。由此可知选C。失而复得，变废为宝。 强 化 训 练 （点此链接） 易 错 防 范 只见树木不见森林，误把细节当主题 A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers(干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what­I­can do environmentalism(环境保护主义)．” On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) access the U．S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This had led to a Right­to­Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect people's right to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline. Right­to­Dry supporters argue that there should be more. Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco­conscious(有生态意识的) person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about him clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands，” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them. Q．What is mainly discussed in the text? A．Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money. B．Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered. C．Opposite opinions on clothesline drying. D．Different varieties of clotheslines.

　　错误分析：容易误选A, 因为文章第二段提到On one side stand those who see clothes dryers(干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. 第五段所列举的Matt Reck的例子也说明了有人认为应该使用晾衣绳。这种干扰选项干扰性很强，因为此信息在原文中出现过。但是文章中同时穿插着两种观点支持和反对， 而A选项只说明了部分的细节，是以点带面，以偏概全。 答案：C　此题是主旨大意题。这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。只提供了部分细节的选项，即使从文章得到证实是正确的，也不能作为主旨大意题的答案。多数情况下，文章的中心思想句会出现在文章的开头，这篇文章就是。文章第一句话告诉我们：一个小小的晾衣绳挂在爱护环境的美国人和他们的邻居之间，然后二、三段分别讲述绳子两端人们的不同的观点，由此可以得知，文章主要要告诉我们的是人们对户外晾晒衣物的不同的观点。所以答案应该是C。