· 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 高考二轮总复习 第一部分 微专题强化练 五 阅读理解 第一部分 3 词义猜测题 考 向 分 析 考 题 引 路 强 化 训 练 2 3 1 易 错 防 范 4 考 向 分 析 年份 试题 词义猜测题数 命题趋势 2016 卷Ⅰ 2 题数基本稳定，增加对短语理解考查力度。 卷Ⅱ 1 2015 卷Ⅰ 1 卷Ⅱ 1 考 题 引 路 Passage 1 (2015·课标全国Ⅰ·C) Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. 立意与点拨：本文介绍了巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心正在展览最受欢迎的现代艺术家之一萨尔瓦多·达利的艺术作品，并对此次展览的作品、展览的形式、展品的来源等进行了介绍。 1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句．..with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.可知，达利的作品数量很多，这和productive(多产的)相呼应，故选B项。 2．What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A．One of his masterworks. B．A successful screen adaptation. C．An artistic creation for the stage. D．One of the best TV programmes. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.可知，《记忆的永恒》是达利的杰作之一，故选A项。 3．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A．By popularity. B．By importance. C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，该展览是根据时间和主题来布展的，故选D项。 4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents. 答案：A 词义猜测题。最后一段提到该展览中的主要作品是通过与不同机构组织的合作而精选出的，所以contribution应指文中的major works，即艺术品，故选A项。 Passage 2 (2016·课标全国Ⅰ·B) Passenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. 立意与点拨：本文介绍了美国的旅鸽灭绝的原因与经历。旅鸽的数量曾经多到飞行时能够遮天蔽日，后来人类的滥捕滥杀和对它们栖息地的破坏导致了它们的灭绝。 1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons______. A．were the biggest bird in the world B．lived mainly in the south of America C．did great harm to the natural environment D．were the largest bird population in the US 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第二段第一句可知，在18世纪和19世纪初，旅鸽的数量占到了美国鸟类总量的24%至40%，这一结果可能使其成为全世界最多数量的鸟类。由此可推断出，旅鸽当时是美国数量最多的鸟类。 2．The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons'______. A．escape B．ruin C．liberation D．evolution 答案：B 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段画线单词之后叙述的内容可知鸽子被当作城市饭店中的食物，遭受了长期大量的捕杀，可判断出画线单词所在句子的意思是说鸽子的数量遭受了“毁灭性”的打击。因此可知，画线单词的意思应该是“毁灭、破坏”与选项中的ruin的意思最接近。 3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds. C．To make money. D．To protect crops. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，鸽子被捕捉后被运往大城市卖给了各个餐厅，由此可推断出人们捕杀鸽子主要是为了挣钱。 4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A．It was ignored by the public. B．It was declared too late. C．It was unfair. D．It was strict. 答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.”制定法律的时候，已有十年时间都没有看见成规模的鸽群了，再根据其后说的在法律制定的三年后即1990年时连最后一只被确认的野旅鸽也死亡了，说明了宣布实施这部法律时为时已晚。 强 化 训 练 （点此链接） 易 错 防 范
断章取义，忽视逻辑 What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes—the list goes on and on. The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. Q．From “he has never looked back” in Paragraph 2 we learn that Pierre ________. A．did not feel lonely B．was always hopeful C．did not think about the past D．became more and more successful 错误分析：如果只看Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. “有了朋友Peter Skill和1998年能力过人的首席执行官Meg Whitman的加入，他再也没有回头。”容易误选B或C，认为他有了帮手后信心大增，对未来充满希望了。 答案：D 此题是猜测词义及推理判断题，根据文章理解短语“look back”的具体意思。这类题考查目的是，让考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词或短语。而文章中出现这个生词的位置，往往下文中出现的内容是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。在he has never looked back之后，紧接着出现了Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. “ 尽管在20世纪90年代出现网络崩溃，eBay还是一步一步的壮大了，成为网络购物10个访问量最大的网络市场之一”，说明彼得事业的成功，因此答案应该为D。做这类题目一定要看具体的上下文，不能断章取义，不注意与原文内容的联系。