专题能力训练十一 阅读理解(二)
能力升级训练第31页
A
(2016·北京海淀期末)
Dear Grandma,
It was nice seeing you at Christmas.You looked so happy!
After losing two grandparents within the past year,I have taken some time to reflect on what is most important.I want to let you know what a positive influence you have been on me.I am the person I am because of you.
I remember being on your farm a lot when I was younger.I remember the projects you planned for us.We painted rocks to represent our family members.We made doll clothes out of colorful socks.We made many “playhouses” in the woods.
We learned that if you left a bucket of soybeans in the rain,you would soon have a bucket of growing beans.We learned that if we helped pick the strawberries in the morning,we’d have them on our ice cream in the afternoon.We learned that some plants have funny names,like the elephant ear plant.We learned that you could make do with what you had.We learned that making things out of paper and cardboard was more fun than what came inside the packaging.We learned it was OK to get dirty,but Grandma would wash us up before Mom came.
You once made models of everyone’s houses,which made me want to be an architect.Another time,you made quilts for all of the grandkids.I still use mine every night.The edge has worn out.But you taught me how to fix it.
I love and respect you.You are always patient,with a quiet determination.
Grandma,thank you for everything you have taught me.I hope that I am able to pass on all these memories and skills to my children and grandchildren.
Love always,
Kelly
【语篇导读】本文是一篇书信。在写给奶奶的信中,作者回忆了过去和奶奶一起度过的美好时光,表达了自己对奶奶深深的爱戴和尊重。
1.After losing two grandparents,the author began to .
A.realize her grandma’s influence on her
B.become a person like her grandma
C.write to her grandma regularly
D.like her grandma very much
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,在失去两位祖父母之后,作者开始进行了反思,认识到了奶奶对自己的影响。故选A项。
2.On her grandma’s farm,Kelly learned to .
A.make strawberry ice cream
B.name different funny plants
C.mend the worn-out edge of her quilt
D.use cupboards to make models of houses
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后两句可知,是作者的奶奶教会了她如何缝补破损的被子边。故选C项。
3.Kelly’s grandma .
A.was willing to help others
B.was skilled in making things
C.wanted Kelly to be an architect
D.disliked the kids’ bad behaviors
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的前两句可知,凯利的奶奶擅长制作东西。故选B项。
4.Kelly wrote this letter mainly to .
A.send her grandma best wishes for Christmas
B.show love and respect for her grandma
C.recall her happy life on the farm
D.ask her grandma for help
答案:B
解析:写作意图题。根据倒数第二段 “I love and respect you.You are always patient,with a quiet determination.” 并结合上下文内容可推知,凯利写这封信主要是为了向自己的奶奶表达爱戴和尊重。故选B项。
B
(2016·陕西宝鸡质检二)
Toy kitchen is hugely popular with young children.It can be a great base for creative and imaginative role playing for children and their parents.
Solo(独自的) freestyle play is what a child plays on their own with the toy kitchen.It is a source of amusement for parents to see their children imitate(模仿) many of their sayings and phrases during this sort of play.You may discover some phrases you didn’t know you had!Children will often cook and create food for their toys to eat.Joining in freestyle play while allowing the child to take charge is fun for the child as well as adults.There are many ways to turn this type of play into something more educational.Parents can demand a certain number of vegetables on their plate and the child can use their knowledge of what’s a fruit and what’s a vegetable,as well as their counting skills to carry out this simple task.
You can also play the sorting game.Asking a child to sort out the fruit and vegetables into different piles is fun and will get easier for the child each time.Always reward children with praise when they do well,and encouragement when they don’t do quite well.
Counting is an obvious game.You can start the basics of maths in the kitchen play with adding,subtracting(减) and even dividing!Your child can use the toy food to work out sums and enjoy counting!They will be picking up good basic number skills during this type of play.
You can also bring up healthy eating subjects asking them which fruit is their favorite and asking which ones they want to try for their next snack.This type of game can continue in the supermarket and be used as a method of introducing new foods to their diet.
【语篇导读】玩具厨房很受小孩子的欢迎。在里面他们可以通过模仿、做游戏等学到很多东西。
5.Games using a toy kitchen can develop children’s .
A.health and habit
B.creation and imagination
C.counting skills and honesty
D.number skills and good manners
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,玩具厨房能开发孩子们的创造力和想象力。
6.In the solo freestyle play,you may find .
A.it difficult for children to sort out the fruit and vegetables
B.it fun for children to cook and create food for themselves to eat
C.some words and expressions you forgot using before
D.children pick up good basic number skills by using the real food
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “You may discover some phrases you didn’t know you had!” 可知,你会发现一些你忘记过去曾经用过的短语,因此选择C项。
7.Playing with healthy eating subjects gives children great help in .
A.enriching healthy eating B.training working ability
C.counting D.sorting
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的 “You can also bring up healthy eating subjects” 及最后一句中的 “be used as a method of introducing new foods to their diet” 可推知,这会丰富孩子们的健康饮食。
8.Who are the possible readers of the passage?
A.Parents. B.Teachers.
C.Children. D.Experts.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “Your child can use the toy food to work out sums and enjoy counting!” 可知,这篇文章是写给父母们的。
C
(2016·石家庄质检二)
Sitting for more than three hours a day can decrease a person’s life expectancy(预期寿命) by two years,even if he or she is physically active and gets rid of dangerous habits like smoking,according to a study.Watching TV for more than two hours a day can worsen that problem,decreasing life expectancy by another 1.4 years.
The analysis comes just two years after Australian researchers found that people who said they watched TV for more than four hours a day were 46% more likely to die of any cause than people who said they spent less than two hours a day watching TV.Those watching TV more than four hours a day were also 80% more likely to die of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease.“Sedentary(久坐的) behavior is something we need to pay attention to,beyond telling people to get 30 minutes of activity a day,”said Peter T.Katzmarzyk,one of the lead researchers.But while the evidence of illnesses is increasing,it remains difficult for many people to find time to get on their feet,especially if they do desk jobs.
“Try to stand as much as you can,”Dr.Katzmarzyk said.“Typically when you’re on the telephone you can stand and use the speakerphone.Instead of emailing someone in the office,just get up and go to talk to them.”However,Dr.Katzmarzyk added,standing shouldn’t be an alternative to exercising,but an alternative to sitting.“Several studies show that when you’re sitting,your leg muscles are completely inactive,”he said.“When you’re sitting and completely inactive,this is when you run into trouble managing blood glucose(血糖).”
【语篇导读】新的研究表明,久坐会缩短人的寿命,给人们的健康带来威胁。
9.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.Watching TV too long can worsen our mental health.
B.We should be active and give up smoking.
C.Sitting for too long a day can shorten one’s life.
D.Smoking too much can be harmful to health.
答案:C
解析:段落大意题。根据第一段第一句中的 “Sitting for more than three hours a day can decrease a person’s life expectancy(预期寿命) by two years” 可知,答案为C项。
10.The researchers draw the conclusion on the effect of sedentary behavior by .
A.making comparisons B.listing figures
C.giving examples D.classifying facts
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。作者在第二段用数据比较的方式说明了久坐和人的寿命之间的关系,故选A项。
11.What does Dr.Katzmarzyk think of sedentary behavior?
A.It warns people to exercise 30 minutes a day.
B.It’s a bad behavior worth considering seriously.
C.It can lead to death at once.
D.It is good for desk job workers.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。依据文章第二段中Dr.Katzmarzyk所说的话及最后一段中的 “your leg muscles are completely inactive和this is when you run into trouble managing blood glucose(血糖)” 可知,Dr.Katzmarzyk认为久坐对身体不利,我们应认真对待这个坏习惯。故选B项。
12.According to Dr.Katzmarzyk,if you are sitting all the time,you may .
A.phone your friends and talk about your problem
B.put on weight quickly and become more inactive
C.want to have more sugar for your meals
D.find it hard to keep your blood glucose proper
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。依据文章的最后一句可知,Katzmarzyk认为,如果长时间地坐着,人的血糖就会出现问题。故选D项。
D
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了去英国的沃里克城堡参观的注意事项:门票的种类、价格以及如何订票。
13.If you hope to visit Castle Dungeon,you should .
A.buy the ticket on the day
B.dial 0870 442 2375
C.book the ticket from Warwick-Castle.com
D.book the ticket two days in advance
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据Ticket Prices & Offers中的信息“There are limited Dungeons tickets available,and only from Warwick-Castle.com.”可知,沃里克城堡地牢的门票数量有限,只能在Warwick-Castle.com这个网站上预订。
14.What is the advantage of booking tickets online?
A.You don’t have to wait in queue.
B.You can save ￡20 at most.
C.The ticket includes the Castle Dungeon.
D.The ticket is available at any time.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据“One Day Tickets”中的信息可知,网上购票有两点好处:一是可以节省20%的钱,二是不必排队。
15.In order to buy group tickets, .
A.you should use promotional voucher
B.bookings can be made by emails
C.there should be at least 20 people
D.you should dial 0870 442 2371
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据文章“Important notes on ticketing”中的信息可知,团体票至少需要10人以上,可以拨打电话0870 442 2371或者网上预定团体票。
16.The passage is most probably taken from .
A.a newspaper B.a magazine
C.a geography book D.a website
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据文章One Day Tickets部分的最后一句话“Click here to buy tickets online now!”可以判断这篇文章最有可能出自某一个网站。
E
Babies don’t learn to talk just from hearing sounds.New research suggests they also learn from watching lips.Florida scientists discovered that around the age of 6 months,babies begin studying mouths when people talk to them.“In order to imitate(模仿) you,the baby has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they’re hearing,” explains David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University,who led the study published on Monday.
Scientists have long known that babies also look to speakers’ faces for important social cues(暗示) about what they’re hearing.Just like adults,they’re drawn to the eyes,which express important messages like the emotion connected(联系) to words.David Lewkowicz went a step further,wondering whether babies look to the lips for cues as well,like how adults lip-read what someone’s saying at a noisy party.So he and his student Amy Hansen-Tift tested nearly 180 babies,dividing them into different groups according to their ages (4,6,10 and 12 months).
They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers.They found a shift in attention:when the speaker used English,the 4-month-olds looked mostly at her eyes;the 6-month-olds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth;the 8 and 10-month-olds studied mostly the mouth;at 12 months,attention started shifting back toward the speakers’ eyes.
“It’s a pretty interesting finding,” says University of Iowa psychology professor Bob McMurray,who also studies speech development.The research offers more evidence that quality face-time with the baby is very important for speech development—more than,say,playing the latest baby DVD.
Studying how babies learn to speak isn’t a curiosity.Scientists want to know how to encourage that process,especially if it doesn’t seem to be happening on time.And,it helps them understand how the brain wires itself early in life for learning all kinds of things.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,婴儿不仅通过听音来学习说话,他们还通过看别人的嘴唇来学习说话。
17.From the test,we can know that .
A.the 6-month-old babies learn to talk only by hearing
B.the 10-month-old babies study mainly by lip-reading
C.the 4-month-old babies begin watching the mouth to learn to talk
D.the 12-month-old babies pay more attention to the mouth when studying
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段对此次测试的描述可知,8到10个月的孩子主要通过观察说话人的嘴唇来学习说话。
18.The underlined word “shift” in the third paragraph means .
A.mistake B.goal
C.space D.change
答案:D
解析:词义猜测题。下文描述了不同月份大小的孩子学说话时,眼睛所注视的东西是不同的,在不同时期有“改变”。故选D项。
19.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Why scientists should research babies’ learning to talk.
B.What to do for the research of babies’ learning to talk.
C.When to begin the process for babies to learn to talk.
D.How to research babies’ learning to talk.
答案:A
解析:主旨大意题。本段主要谈论研究幼儿如何学说话的意义,即为什么研究幼儿学说话。
20.In which part of the newspaper is the text most likely to be found?
A.Social news. B.Vacation trip.
C.Health problem. D.Scientific discovery.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。本文主要讲述一项科学研究,幼儿可以通过观察说话人的唇形来学习说话。因此本文应该出自报纸的科学研究版块。