专题能力训练十六 阅读理解(七)
能力升级训练第51页
A
(2016·郑州第一次质量预测)
In 1980 Candy Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk hit-and-run driver as she walked down a street in California.“I promised myself on the day of my daughter’s death that I would fight to make this needless accident count for something positive in the years ahead,”Candy Lightner later wrote.
The drunk driver received a two-year prison sentence.However,he avoided prison by serving time in a work camp.Ms.Lightner was very angry about that,so she organized Mothers Against Drunk Drivers(MADD),which later changed to Mothers Against Drunk Driving.The aim of her organization was to raise public awareness of the serious nature of drunk driving and to promote tough legislation(立法) against the crime.
Before Ms.Lightner’s MADD,intoxication(醉酒),including drunk driving,was not taken seriously.Intoxication was often used as an excuse for otherwise unacceptable behavior:“I didn’t know what I was doing—I was drunk.”
Candy Lightner appeared on major television shows,spoke before the US Congress,made speeches to professional and business groups,and worked tirelessly for years to change public attitudes,change judicial(审判的)behavior,and promote tough new legislation.Later,Ms.Lightner left MADD because the organization that she herself created was changing its focus.“I didn’t start MADD to deal with alcohol.I started it to deal with the issue of drunk driving.”
The president of the United States awarded her the President’s Volunteer Action Award and she was the subject of the movie “Mothers Against Drunk Drivers:the Candy Lightner Story”.
【语篇导读】Candy Lightner的女儿死于酒驾引发的事故,但肇事者却得以轻判,于是她设立了 “反醉驾母亲协会”,提倡对酒驾者实施更为严厉的法律制裁。
1.One of the purposes of MADD was to .
A.make the public aware of the danger of drunk driving
B.fight against the drunk hit-and-run drivers on the road
C.make new laws against the crimes caused by drunk driving
D.warn people not to drink alcohol while driving
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。第二段的最后一句谈到她成立该机构的目的——提高公众对酒驾严重性的意识,推动对酒驾引起的犯罪行为实施更严厉的惩罚。故选A项。
2.Which way didn’t Ms.Lightner use to achieve her MADD’s goals?
A.Talking on major TV shows.
B.Giving a talk to businessmen.
C.Applying for a job with the government.
D.Giving suggestions to the US Congress.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。第四段谈到她发展协会的具体行动,其中没有提到 “申请到政府部门任职” 这一项,因此选C项。
3.We can learn from the passage that .
A.the drunk driver had not been caught
B.drunk driving wasn’t taken seriously before MADD
C.Candy Lightner played a leading role in a film
D.MADD didn’t get much support from society
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。第三段开头说,在Ms.Lightner设立MADD之前,人们对酒驾的态度是轻描淡写的,没有认真对待。
4.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Ways to Prevent Drunk Driving
B.Purposes of Founding MADD
C.New Law Against Drunk Driving
D.Candy Lightner and Her MADD
答案:D
解析:主旨大意题。本文介绍了一位遭受了酒驾失去女儿的母亲为提高人们对酒驾危害性的认识和推动相关立法而做的努力,以及她设立的MADD机构的相关情况,因此选D项。
B
(2016·北京东城第二学期综合练习)
You know what it’s like.You’ve just arrived in Toronto after a long flight and all you really want to do is to lie down and relax in your hotel room.But first you have to make a few quick notes for tomorrow’s meeting,then check your e-mails,and perhaps print out a few things.And you need to make a few local telephone calls,and one call home to your family.
And what do you usually get?Your desk is just about big enough for a cup of coffee;there’s no desk lamp;the stationery(办公用品) is a couple of sheets of headed notepaper;and a pen doesn’t work.Printing has to be arranged with the Reception,and when you try to use your cellphone you find that it won’t work in Canada.
Well,Harmony is different.Just tell us in advance what you’re going to need,and we’ll see that it’s waiting for you when you arrive.There will be a printer in your room if you want one,and a cellphone that really works.All you have to pay for is the calls you make.
We can also arrange a room for business meetings,and,using the very best employment agency,even supply a secretary to take minutes.All we ask is a few days’ notice.
All our rooms are of the same high standard,and we guarantee not to increase prices in the next twelve months.But book now,because we’re already filling up fast,and we’d hate to disappoint you.
Harmony—the hotel you’ve always wanted,but never been able to find—until now!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇酒店广告,介绍了Harmony旅馆的服务对象,服务特色,客房的质量等。Harmony旅馆可以按照客人的需要做好安排。
5.The advertisement is intended for .
A.airline staff B.business people
C.secretaries D.tourists
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句 “You’ve just arrived in Toronto after a long flight...have to make a few quick notes for tomorrow’s meeting,then check your e-mails...” 以及下文中的 “business meetings” “secretary” 等信息可推知,本文广告的对象是商人。故B项正确。
6.What must the guest do if he wants a secretary?
A.Inform the hotel in advance. B.Tell the Reception on arrival.
C.Call an employment agency. D.Put up a notice in the hotel.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “Just tell us in advance what you’re going to need...” 以及第四段中的 “...even supply a secretary to take minutes.All we ask is a few days’ notice.” 可知,如果需要秘书,需要提前通知该旅馆。故A项正确。
7.Why is it best to book now?
A.The best rooms go first.
B.Prices might increase soon.
C.It ensures high standard rooms.
D.Rooms may become unavailable.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 “But book now,because we’re already filling up fast,and we’d hate to disappoint you.” 可知,旅馆房间正在预订中,如果现在不预订,房间可能被订完。故D项正确。
8.What is special about Harmony?
A.It offers telephone calls for free.
B.It provides printing at the Reception.
C.It gives high standard information services.
D.It makes arrangements to meet guests’ needs.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句 “Well,Harmony is different.Just tell us in advance what you’re going to need,and we’ll see that it’s waiting for you when you arrive.” 可知,Harmony旅馆的特别之处在于能根据客人的需要做好安排。故D项正确。
C
(2016·郑州第二次质量预测)
Scientists have been puzzled by the phenomenon that migrating birds fly not just in groups all the time,but in “V” formations and they have tried to figure out what benefit birds get from this particular formation.Now,a research group from the University of London may have found the answer—migrating birds fly in a “V” to save energy,according to a study published in the journal Nature.
When a bird flaps(拍打) its wings,it stirs the air around it and causes the air to move in different directions.Scientists found in the study that the air creates an upward-moving wave at the tips of the wings,which means that if a bird flies around the wingtips of another bird,it can get a boost(向上一推) from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air.
But there is a small problem—the lead bird gets no lift advantage and can easily get tired.This is why a group of migrating birds regularly switches leaders,according to The New York Times.
Apart from the “free ride” strategy,scientists were also surprised to observe that migrating birds timed their wing beats and adjusted their positions in a very precise way to maximize the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward.
“They’re able to sense what’s going on from the bird in front,where this ‘good air’ is coming from and how to position themselves perfectly in it,” lead researcher Steven Portugal told BBC.
In fact,the “V” formation has long been thought to help birds fly more efficiently(效率高地).A previous study showed that birds’ heart rates went down when they were flying together in a “V” formation.Jet fighters were also found to be able to reduce their energy use by up to 18% by staying near the wingtips of other jet fighters.Both of these findings led scientists to suspect that the “V” formation had an efficiency purpose,but until now they still lack proof.
“For scientists,the new study provides an insight into an interesting natural phenomenon.But it could mean even more for aircraft companies—helping them understand how they can imitate that with their plane formations to save fuel,”said Portugal.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现,鸟类在迁徙途中总是排列成V字形,这样做是为了在迁徙途中节省体力。
9.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A.To explain how birds benefit from migration.
B.To introduce how migrating birds find their way.
C.To tell some applications of migrating birds’ “V” formations.
D.To report new findings about migrating birds’ “V” formations.
答案:D
解析:写作意图题。本文围绕鸟类在迁徙途中为什么要排列成V字形展开叙述,因此本文的写作目的是报道关于鸟类迁徙途中排列成V形队列的新发现,因此选D项。
10.According to the recent study,when birds migrate, .
A.they don’t often change their lead birds during the whole journey
B.they fly in “V” formations to protect themselves against enemies
C.they form the shape of a “V” to make best use of the lifting effect
D.the air they stir around makes it hard for the birds behind to fly fast
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。关于鸟类迁徙的飞行,第三段说它们 “regularly switches leaders” (A项错);第二段说排V字形是为了 “use less energy” (B项错),本段还说使用V字形队列,鸟类飞翔的时候能够 “flies around the wingtips of another bird”,这样它们就能 “get a boost(向上一推) from the rising air and therefore use less energy to stay in the air” (D项错);由第四段中的 “to maximize the lifting effect while avoiding areas where the air moved downward” 可知,C项正确。
11.What is the significance of the new study according to this article?
A.It might inspire aircraft companies to think of ways to improve efficiency.
B.It has proved that the “V” formation can improve efficiency in many fields.
C.It has led scientists to discover that birds’ heart rates go down when they fly in a “V”.
D.It shows that the best formation of jet fighters in battles should be a “V” formation.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。最后一段说该研究能让飞机在飞行的过程中模仿鸟类的编队方式,以节省燃料,提高效能,因此选A项。
12.The underlined word “imitate” in the last paragraph most probably means “ ”.
A.use B.copy
C.change D.learn
答案:B
解析:词义猜测题。该词所在语境表示 “飞机飞行时模仿鸟类的编队方式,以达到节能的效果”,因此这里imitate意为 “模仿”。
D
(2016·安徽马鞍山第一次质检)
“iPhone 5”,the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone
We don’t want to change your phone,we want to make you say,“Wow,that is a bigger change than I expected”.“iPhone 5” is a result of that desire to surprise.
It’s been completely redesigned.For the first time ever,we’ve increased the size of display (显示) by making the screen taller but not wider.
You can see more of your content without the need to scroll.We are making scrolling the thing of the past.It is more comfortable to use and reduces tiredness from scrolling when you read long documents.
Even with the larger display,it is the thinnest iPhone we ever built.To achieve the design this tall,we have to look at it and completely redesign the architecture inside.It’s 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone.It makes everything you do on “iPhone 5” easier.No more hidden menus,no confusing gestures.Everything is right at your fingertips.
The panorama feature (全景拍照) is simply awesome.The ultra HD (超高清) widescreen display lets you get your entire shot in a single snap (快门).You can also use its creative design for picture stabilization.
With an iPhone this tall,reception of signals has never been better.And of course,all your favorite applications are still available.In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new experiencing handsome ultra HD widescreen.We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime,they only used it for the faces.That’s why we are introducing Bodytime.With its ultra HD widescreen display,Bodytime lets you see a person’s entire body.
It took all of our learning and all of our thinking to realize something so simple,so clear,and yet so tall.
And I wish your pocket were tall enough to hold such a perfect invention!
13.How is the screen of “iPhone 5” different from the previous ones?
A.Wider. B.Taller.
C.Easier. D.Thinner.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段可知答案。
14.What does the underlined word “scroll” probably mean?
A.Update the webpage. B.Download new documents.
C.Refresh the content. D.Move the content upward.
答案:D
解析:词义猜测题。结合上文iPhone 5变得高了,再结合该段可知,看内容时不需要再像以前那样向上滑动了,故此推断出该词意为将内容向上滑动(以便看下面的内容)。
15.What can we infer about “iPhone 5” from the passage?
A.It is really necessary for you to hide menus.
B.The reception of signals is bad due to its length.
C.Bodytime is popular with previous iPhone owners.
D.New applications of “iPhone 5” are unbelievable.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。文章对iPhone 5的新设计作了详细的介绍,许多功能是前所未有的,令人感到难以置信的。
16.“iPhone 5” is introduced in a(n) way in this passage.
A.humorous B.objective
C.scientific D.serious
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据文章对iPhone 5的介绍可知,其既超薄,又高,且保持以前的所有功能。尤其第六段的介绍语言风趣幽默。
E
Check out our top 5 weather apps(应用程序)for your smart phones,which will keep you one step ahead of nature.
1.Tornado Warning and Alert App
This app from the American Red Cross tracks a tornado as it approaches with step-by-step advice about what to do before the storm hits.A siren warning is built into the app and goes off when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issues a tornado warning in your area.
2.The Weather Channel App
This app includes weather forecasts from more than 200 meteorologists and lets you check what kind of weather lays ahead,complete with storm prediction maps.The Weather Channel app also alerts users to storm warnings in the area.
3.Lightening Finder
If the goal is to get to the storm,rather than avoid it,this app is here to help.The Lightening Finder color-codes the age of the lightening bolt,and estimates a safe distance from which to watch it.
4.NOAA Weather Radio HD
This app broadcasts radio reports from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings,watches,advisories,and forecasts.Push notifications alert you to serious storm warnings in your area even when you are not currently using the application.The app also gives detailed four-day forecasts based on your GPS coordinates,or a chosen location.
5.Dark Sky
Stay dry with Dark Sky,which offers weather reports,including minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location.To keep its predictions as accurate as possible,this app forecasts only one hour into the future.
17.If you want to keep track of daily weather changes,you may choose .
A.Lightening Finder
B.The Weather Channel App
C.Tomado Warning and Alert App
D.NOAA Weather Radio HD
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据NOAA Weather Radio HD中的“This app broadcasts...and gives you around-the-clock updates on the latest weather warnings,”可知,正确答案为D项。
18.Which of the following is TRUE about Dark Sky?
A.It is especially suitable to predict wet days.
B.It provides more services than the others.
C.It only offers accurate prediction for your area.
D.It keeps you aware of the weather days ahead.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据Dark Sky中“minute-by-minute rain forecasts for your exact location”可知A项正确,而C项错误;B项文中没提到;根据最后一句“only one hour into the future”可知D项也是错误的。
19.The main differences of the five apps lie in .
A.users’ phones
B.users’ locations
C.their images
D.their functions
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据介绍可知,这五种程序的应用功能是不同的,故选D项。
20.What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A.Giving advice about forecasting weather.
B.Recommending some weather apps.
C.Trying to sell smart phones.
D.Teaching readers how to survive in bad weather.
答案:B
解析:写作意图题。由文章开头可知,该文旨在推荐几种应用于智能手机的关于天气的应用程序。故选B项。