2016年湖北武汉高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（16）（含答案）
阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.
In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.
Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians’ wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.
The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.
The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families.
The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass.
Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.
(
) 1.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？
(
) 2. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.
A. with openings in the trunk walls
B. large enough for several families
C. in a ring shape with bark and mud
D. by bending young trees to form the shape
(
) 3. All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____.
A. of the same shape
B. covered with grass
C. built with a post in the centre
D. built with doorways at each end
(
) 4. The passage suggests that ________
A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses
B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together
C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams
D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends
【语篇解读】本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述了美国的土著居民印第安人的房屋结构和建房特点，展示了美国当地人的居住文化。
1.答案A。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends……”可知，选项A符合题意。
2.答案B。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes…… housing a dozen families”可知，应选B项。
3.答案B。
【解析】细节理解题。文章中出现的grass是Indian tribes建造房屋所必不可少的东西。由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着。由此可知B项正确
4.答案C。
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near”可以推断出the Iroquois Indians建造房屋的时候把自身的安全考虑在内了。因此可推断出C项
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Very often when I go to look at someone’s garden and they complain that for some reason it does not feel right to them. What I notice is that the design quite complicated. Or, sometimes there is no real design and the layout (布局) just looks messy. Creating a garden without some form of design is like trying to bake a cake without a recipe.
With a cake you can add together ingredients (原料) from the cupboard and fridge in the hope that the result will be a perfectly baked cake. Both creating a garden and baking a cake follow outlines for getting a result. Know just when to add something, when to take the mix off the heat or how much oil to use, etc.
An experienced garden designer can help you create a garden best suited to you and your lifestyle, rather than impose their own ideas on you. He will listen to and help draw out your ideas. By keeping the garden design simple you and your chosen designer will have created the structure of a garden, similar to the structure of a house together with some details.
A golden rule to remember is that garden design is not about choosing the right plants. Don’t get caught up in the idea that you have to choose the right plants for the job straight away. Plant choice comes almost at the last minute in many cases, after you and your designer have created style or feeling you are wanting to have in your garden.
Design is about creating a constructable (可构造的) image for the garden, including form and shape, sounds, smells, even tastes and often, believe it or not, plants are never used. By keeping the design simple, especially if you are learning about design or taking on the project by yourself, you are increasing your chances of a successful design, one that matches your standard for your life.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Designing a garden as simple as possible.
B. Comparing garden-designing with cake-making.
C. An experienced garden designer’s importance.
D. Choosing plants for the garden.
2. Why does the author use baking a cake in the passage?
A. To show the basic steps of baking a cake.
B. To imply how simple to design a garden.
C. To state baking a cake is very complex.
D. To introduce how to design a garden.
3. The underlined word “impose” in the third paragraph means .
A. force B. turn C. improve D. imagine
4. By keeping the garden design simple, .
A. you can get details from the garden designer
B. you will be successful one day
C. you can meet your standards in life
D. you can match the structure of a house with that of a garden
5. What is the most important for garden design?
A. Creating a constructable image for the garden.
B. Choosing the right plants for your garden first.
C. Inviting an experienced garden designer.
D. Not rushing to choose plants for your garden.
【参考答案】1—5、ABADD
2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
【题文】B
Never before in Chinese history has a documentary film aroused so much public enthusiasm. Everybody is talking about a new 7-part documentary called A Bite of China which was recently broadcast late at night on CCTV I. The documentary describes various gourmet items across the vast Chinese culinary (烹饪) landscape.
According to Taobao, China’s biggest online retail website, just five days after the series began to air, nearly 6 million people went to the site in search of various local specialities, particularly those mentioned in the documentary. More than 7.2 million deals were concluded. A ham producer from Yunnan Province saw his sales grow 17-fold in five days.
However, one can’t help but believe that the documentary’s popularity is probably linked to the endless stream of terrible food security issues that have emerged in recent years. In one well-received article, a netizen wrote, “I wonder how many felt so empty-hearted and sighed after watching the film .Formaldehyde(甲醛) sprayed cabbage, Sudan Red colored salty eggs, restaurants using gutter oil. The list is long…”
A varied and ancient food culture that is famous world-wide and which should have made the Chinese proud ends like this: one can only sigh. Food is the most vital thing in people’s lives. Yet China’s food industry is a typical description of “bad money driving out the good”. The market is huge while the cost of faking and cheating is so low for unscrupulous (不道德的) businessmen; and the punishment is too light. Take the milk industry as an example. Although Sanlu, the company that sold the melamine-adulterated milk powder, was punished, thousands of other dairies didn’t work hard to improve the quality. In order to allow national brands to survive, Chinese authorities are happy to loosen their regulations.
As the documentary shows, people are attracted not to gourmet items like matsutake, a species of rare mushroom grown naturally in remote forests, but to common Chinese dishes like barley, lotus root or tofu. They are what meet our basic needs. This explains why people are so excited about A Bite of China---it is a reminder that there is still a world out there where food is excellent and people have dignity.
1. The underlined word “gourmet items” probably means________.
A. beautiful clothes
B. latest technology
C. delicious food
D. great inventions
2. The second paragraph mainly talks about______.
A. the producer of the document
B. the content of the document
C. the history of Chinese gourmet
D. The popularity of the document
3. We can infer from what a netizen wrote in one well –received article that ______.
A. none of the television viewers have a knowledge of the Chinese food culture
B. there is a huge contrast between the ancient food culture and the reality
C. the price of food is too high for many common people
D. the documentary was made by a world-famous Chinese director
4. According to the passage, China’s food industry is full of faking and cheating because_____.
A. there are still so many poor people at the present time
B. the punishment for unscrupulous businessmen isn’t serious enough
C. the Chinese government encourages it to do so
D. the food technology is not so advanced as in developed countries
参考答案1—4、CDBB
阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”
Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational，because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that
evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
1)Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food，clothing，fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.
人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在《理性的乐观主义者》一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。
1．What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?
A．Weakness of human nature.B．Concern about climate change.
C．Importance of practical thinking.D．Optimism about human progress.
答案：D。理解判断题。从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows...”；另外，“this is what he's set out to prove...”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是一致的，即：人类的进步总是不可避免的。
．How does Ridley look at shopping?
A．It encourages the creation of things.B．It results in shortage of goods.
C．It demands more fossil fuels.D．It causes a poverty problem.
答案：A。细节判断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发创造发明。选项A与之相吻合。
．The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.
A．oil lamps give off more light than candles
B．shortening working time brings about a happier life
C．advanced technology helps to produce better candles
D．increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods
答案：D。细节判断题。根据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是一致的。
．What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A．Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.
B．Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.
C．People's health is closely related to climate change.
D．Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.
答案：B。推理判断题。根据最后一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排除选项A与C的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting... around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。