2016届湖南长沙市高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（70）（含答案）

　　湖南长沙市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（70）及答案

　　阅读理解-。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车)．But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896.That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile.Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker，instead of making the worker move to the parts.That is not true，either.Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford.What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better.And he made the whole factory a moving production line.

　　In the early days of the automobile，almost every car maker raced his cars.It was the best way of gaining public notice.Henry Ford decided to build a racing car.Ford's most famous race was his first one.It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.

　　The race was in 1901，at a field near Detroit.All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left：the Winton and Ford's.The Winton was famous for its speed.Most people thought the race was over before it began.

　　The Winton took an early lead.But halfway through the race, it began to lose power.Ford started to gain.And near the end of the race, he took the lead.Ford won the race and defeated the Winton.His name appeared in newspapers and he became well­known all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company.In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.That_sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream.Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for.It will be built of the best materials.It will be built by the best men to be employed.And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce.It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”

　　The Model T was a car of that kind.It only cost $850.It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on.Doctors bought the Model T．So did farmers.Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation.Americans loved the Model T．They wrote stories and songs about it.Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.

　　本文记叙了亨利福特充分利用别人的想法，生产出了自己的汽车，形成了自己的生产流水线。通过赛车比赛，使公众关注到自己的汽车，然后建立了自己的汽车公司，为所有的普通顾客生产汽车。

　　1．What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?

　　A．He made good use of ideas from others.

　　B．He produced the first car in the world.

　　C．He knew how to improve auto parts.

　　D．He invented the production line.

　　答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句话可知：福特所做的就是利用别人的想法，然后更好地利用。

　　．Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?

　　A．To show off his driving skills.B．To draw public attention.

　　C．To learn about new technology.D．To raise money for his new company.

　　答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第二段可知，开始时，每个汽车制造者都开赛车，并且这是引人注意的最好方法。因此他制造自己的赛车，进行比赛，目的是引人注意。

　　．“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to______.

　　A．the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices

　　B．the sale of Model T to the mass of people

　　C．the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor

　　D．the sales target for the Ford Company

　　答案：C。词义猜测题。由上一句话“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company”可知，that sale指代的是医生买车这件事。

　　．What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?

　　A．Producing cars for average customers.

　　B．Building racing cars of simple design.

　　C．Designing more car models.

　　D．Starting more companies.

　　答案：A。细节理解题。由短文倒数第二段及最后一段可知，他造的车价格低，能挣钱的人都能买得起他的车，医生，农民甚至罪犯都买他的车。由此可知他的梦想就是为普通老百姓造车。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

　　Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.

　　Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).

　　Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviourists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviourist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviourists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.

　　Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviourists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

　　Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

　　1 This passage is mainly concerned with ___________.

　　A. relation between personality and behaviour

　　B. relation between behaviour and environment

　　C. different accounts of patterns of human behaviour

　　D. different theories of the formation of human personality and behaviour.

　　2 The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means __________.

　　A. teachers

　　B. advisors

　　C. advocates

　　D. judges

　　3 What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To call our attention to the changes of human behaviour.

　　B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.

　　C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behaviour.

　　D. To present an argument in the field of social science.

　　参考答案1—3、DCD

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety…But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm．These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-Kilometer- an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up．

　　“Storm chasing (追逐)”is becoming an increasingly popular hobby，especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July．A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to l,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop．

　　Although anyone can do it，storm chasing is extremely dangerous．The power of a big storm

　　can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds．Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain．If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm - chasing vacations during the storm season．

　　Even then，storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement．“Storm chasing is 95％driving，”says Daniel Lynch，who spends most of his summer storm-chasing．“Sometimes you

　　Can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen，and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”

　　However，for storm chasers，it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm，it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life，”says Jasper Morley．“Every storm is an example of the power of nature．It is the greatest show on Earth．”

　　1．For storm chasing，the first thing storm chasers do is to

　　．

　　A．head straight for the center of the storm

　　B．get into the car for safety

　　C．wait patiently for the storm to develop

　　D．collect information about a coming storm

　　2．Beginners of storm chasing are advised

　　A．not to drive in a heavy rain

　　B．to do it in an organized way

　　C．not to get too close to a storm

　　D．to spend more time on it in summer

　　3．By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph，the author means that

　　A．storm chasing costs a lot of money

　　B．storm chasing is worth hours of waiting

　　C．efforts in storm chasing are well paid

　　D．a storm presents the greatest show on Earth

　　4．What can we learn from the text?

　　A．Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment．

　　B．Many storm chasers get killed in the storms．

　　C．Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world．

　　D．Storm chasing is only fit for young people

　　DBCA

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert（警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus--until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

　　Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

　　1．Babies are sensitive to the change in _______.

　　A. the size of cards

　　B. the colour of pictures

　　C. the shape of patterns

　　D. the number of objects

　　2．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

　　A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment

　　B. To see how babies recognize sounds

　　C. To carry their experiment further

　　D. To keep the babes interest.

　　3．Where does this text probably come from?

　　A. Science fiction

　　B. Children’s literature

　　C. An advertisement

　　D. A science report

　　参考答案1—3、DCD

　　试题分析：本文属于科学研究类的短文，研究婴儿对于外界声音和变化的反应。科学家在实验中使用了不同的刺激物对婴儿进行刺激以证明研究的准确性。

　　1．D 细节题。根据第一段后4行As the cards change from one to the other, her gave（凝视）starts to lose its focus-until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.可知当眼前黑点变成3个的时候，孩子的注意力又恢复了。故D项正确。

　　2．C 推理题。根据文章最后三行Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 可知使用敲鼓的声音来进行试验，就是为了更进一步了解具体情况。故C正确。

　　3．D 推理题。本文属于科学研究类的短文，研究婴儿对于外界声音和变化的反应。所以最可能是从科学报告里摘录出来的内容。故D正确。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　The first tape recorder didn’t use tape. It used long thin wire. It was invented in 1900 by Valdermar Poulsen. In 1930, German scientists invented the tape we use today. Back then the tape was on big rolls. In 1964 the Philips company in Holland invented the cassette. It’s pretty much a holder for the tape. People use cassettes all over the world. If you don’t have a cassette recorder, borrow one.

　　Think of a book your parents read out loud to you. That might be a great book to read out loud to your mom or dad in their car. Put a cassette in the recorder, open the book, hit the record button and start reading out loud.

　　Remember there is no such a thing as a wrong way to do this. You might think you’ve made a mistake, but this gift is part of you, and nothing about that can be a mistake. It’s impossible.

　　You get to be all artistic and creative here. You might want to play music in the background. Do whatever you want. The gift is you, so you decide. Remember to say “I love you”at the end of your reading. That’s like the prize at the end of the book.

　　1. Why does the author mention the history of tape recorders in Paragraph 1?

　　A. To inform readers of new inventions. B. To lead into his following suggestion.

　　C. To give an example of his suggestion. D. To show the importance of tape recorders

　　2. What does the author advise us to do?

　　A. To read a book to our parents in their car

　　B. To ask our parents to record a book.

　　C. To make a gift for our parents.

　　D. To practice reading out loud.

　　3. Why does the author say it is impossible to make a mistake in Paragraph 3?

　　A. Because the tape shows your true love.

　　B. Because it’s easy to use a tape recorder.

　　C. Because the music is what your parents like.

　　D. Because it’s impossible to find a mistake in the book.

　　参考答案、B C A