2016届高考英语二轮复习分项训练（通用版）： 第1部分 专题1阅读理解2 专题针对训练（含答案）

　　(一)

　　A

　　(2015·山东潍坊市高三一模)Can you imagine a world without chocolate？It’s not something I’d like to doard the future of chocolate!

　　The University of Reading，in England，has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s new cocoa varieties.They must be quarantined (进行检疫) before they can be grown.Why？Cocoa production hit a record high of 4.4 million tons last year but about 30% of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases.Now we don’t want thaty to solving this problem.

　　The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crop since 1985，after it took over the task from the Royal

　　Botanical

　　Gardens

　　in

　　Kew，London.And

　　it

　　has improved its facilities.The leader of the institution’s cocoa project，Professor Paul Hadley，says，“One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.”

　　The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions.After up to two years in quarantine，clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries，including several in West Africa.That’s where 75%

　　of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide

　　comes

　　from.The

　　crop

　　is

　　extremely important for the local economy：it employs about two million people.he scientist says，“There is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly，particularly in countries like China，where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates.”

　　【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了英国一项保护可可种子的1．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds.

　　B．Planting cocoa seeds worldwide.

　　C．Keeping cocoa seeds in greenhouse.

　　D．Finding the new market for cocoa.

　　解析：选A。主旨大意题。

　　根据第一段的第二句“It’s not something I’d like to do及第五段中的“clean and safe seeds”可知本文主要讲的是英国保护可可种子的项目即A项正确。________．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“The leader of the institution’s cocoa projectey，says，‘One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material.’”可知这个机构是要确保可可粉的质量即C项正确。B．Demand for cocoa is increasing continually.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的关键词“demand is increasing constantly”可知本段主要讲可可需求的不断增长即B项正确。4．What’s the purpose of the text?

　　A．To educate.

　　B．To advertise.解析：选D。写作意图题。文章第一段点题结合全文的整体内容可知本文主要介绍了英国保护可可种子的项目属于向读者传递信息的类型即D项正确。B

　　(2015·江西南昌市一模)Even if trees cannot walkthat marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻原) starts has been shifting northward.Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.To do this(水平的)branches low to the ground.The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they And with all that leftover energy，these trees have started producing more seeds.This happens especially in places where white spruce (白云杉) grows.distances in the wind.When wind­blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line，they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees.This explains how a forest can move.Of course whole planet has been warming.

　　New trees will provide shelters for some snow.Keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Instead，the trees absorb the sun’s heat.This warms the surrounding air.The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds.That further boosts a forest’s ability to expand.In

　　addition，more

　　trees

　　will

　　trap

　　more

　　snow，preventing much of it from being blown away.Snow can trap heat in the soil below，which encourages trees to grow.The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇科研报告主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。 the Arctic moving northward?

　　A．The shrinking of northern tundra.

　　B．The rising temperature.

　　C．The fierce and cold wind.

　　D．The abundant resources in the north.

　　解析：选B。

　　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Across the Arctic, ing faster than anywhere else in the world”以及本段的整体内容可知不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因即B项正确。To protect themselves from the cold wind.

　　解析：选D。

　　代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind”可知画线词 this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”即D项正确。ferred from the last paragraph?

　　A．New trees can trap the snow，which may make the soil colder.

　　B．The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.

　　C．New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.

　　D．New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“New trees will provide shelters for some snow.Keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Insteadrrounding air”可推知新树会让周围的空气更加温暖即C项正确。________．　解析：选A。文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响故该文应选自科研报告即A项正确。C

　　(2016·河北七校高三联合考试)High heelse for the greater number of accidents reported，women played their part by driving in high heels.Putting fashion over function meant 44 percent of female motorists had been prevented from using the pedals correctly by their high heels.

　　Being keen on a caffeine kick while driving can also create an accident if they leave empty coffee cups lying around their vehicles.Twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty drink bottle rolled under their brake pedals.

　　However，it is not just wearing and eating that cause a

　　threat from inside the car; man’s best friend could also cause a catastrophe if not safely secured.One in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦伤) or miss on the road due to their dogs’ wandering freely British motorists.The survey has found drivers will pick up an average bill of ￡ 261.47 for the damage caused by every crash.Londoners were the most at risk of an accident closely followed by motorists in the West Midlands and Wales.managing director，said many accidents could be avoided if people cleaned their cars regularly，as one in ten drivers involved in crashes admitted to driving inside a mountain of waste materials.She said，“The possible dangers and distractions outside the car are well­known but as the evidence suggests，those within the car are often forgotten.”

　　【解题导语】　本文介绍了开车时最危险的三种东西：高跟鞋、咖啡杯以及狗并告诉我们在开车时应该多关注这些危险的东西。xpensive clothes.

　　B．They wear shoes with high heels.

　　C．They drink too much coffee in cars.

　　D．They take their dogs without tying them.

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“women played their part by driving in high heels”可知女性驾车所犯的错误是穿高跟鞋故B项。________．ook the same as brake pedals

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Twenty percent of those surveyed admitted they had crashed their cars or had a near miss after a deserted coffee cup or an empty bottle rolled under their brake pedals”可推知空的咖啡杯可能造成刹车失灵C项。ide of the car dirty.

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One in eight motorists claimed to have had a scrape(擦伤) or miss on the road due to their dogs’wandering freely可知狗可能到处走动或B项。________．more attention to

　　D．only 10% of the drivers remember to keep their cars clean

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The possible dangers and distractions outside the car are well­known but as the evidence suggestsorgotten”可推知车内的这些潜在的危险和使人分心的事情也是事故发生的原因但是经常被人们忘记所以需要我们给予更多的关注故选C项。(二)A

　　(2016·河北唐山市高三统一考试)Hybrid cars(混合动力车) are cars that run on petrol and electricity.They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery(电池) electric motor to provide electric power.power is required，for example，when going uphill or accelerating.In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed，for example when the car has stopped at traffic lights，keeping only the electric engine running.

　　Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating.Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines，improved by electric motors when needed，so they use less petrol.Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of “regenerative (再生的) braking”．The electric motor is used to slow down the carentional cars

　　the

　　energy

　　produced

　　when

　　braking

　　is wasted.

　　In 1928，Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car.The first mass­produced hybrid car，the Toyota Prius，came out in Japan at the end of 1997.However，hybrid cars became available—in the USA only in 1999.As they use less fuel，hybrid cars are cheaper to run.There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them.In some countries，hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax，and don’t have to pay on certain roads.In some cities，hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.

　　【解题导语】　文章介绍了以汽油和电为动力的混合动力车它是一种节约能源的汽车。________．B．have conventional brakes to slow down the car解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句“Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol enginestors when needed，so they use less petrol”可知混合动力车必要时有电力支持所以消耗较少的能源。________．the

　　battery　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知混合动力车用电动马达减速而不是用传统的刹车电动马达降低车速时产生的电能会被自动储存在电池里B项表述正确。________．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As they use less fuel可推知使用混合动力车有很多好处所以混合动力车会很受欢迎。________．rm people of a kind of energy­saving car

　　D．explain why hybrid cars use less energy

　　解析：选C。写作意图题。该文主要介绍了一种节约能源的车——混合动力车应选择C。B

　　(2015·河南郑州市第二次质检)Beauty is only skin deep.This expression means that beauty is only a temporary surface quality.Some beauty products can cause lasting damage that goes far below the surface of the skin. what is called “tanning” because of its links to skin cancer.In the African country of Senegal (塞内加尔)eams and soaps.The World Health Organization says that 25% of Senegalese women use skin­lightening products on a usual basis.These products can contain chemicals，like mercury (汞)(对苯二酚) and possibly other physical damage to the skin.They can actually burn the eyes and skin.

　　Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results.She uses a cream that is made from carrots，not the strong chemical，hydroquinone.She says that it is a personal choice and that no one pressures her.Some women want to be black every day，but for her，she likes to be a shade of brown.

　　Women in Senegal say they lighten their skin for the same reason that women all over the world make changes to their appearance.They say they want to look beautiful，to find a husband，to stand out in a crowd or simply to look great for a special event.

　　This thinking troubles Senegalese film­maker Khardiata Pouye Sall.So，she made “This Color That Bothers Me”，a film about the subject of skin lightening.She said，“I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers.It is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful.It is in their heads.They want to please a man，to be loved or they want to please society，to succeed.”

　　Ms.Sall says that the government needs to better control the marketing and the sale of skin­lightening products.But she adds that education is the best way to persuade people against using them.

　　【解题导语】　塞内加尔的女性为了美使用一些化学产品带来了极大的危害。________．C．use products to lighten their skin

　　D．take health risks to become beautiful

　　解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“In America可推知塞内加尔的一些女性正好和美国人相反与“darken their skin”相反故C项正确。6．According to Adama Diagne，women shouldn’t believe ________．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results”可知不赞同人们用快速见效的美容产品即D项正确。．n with shocking images

　　B．don’t consider dark skin to be beautiful

　　C．find it hard to understand the true beauty

　　D．put beauty in the first place in their heads

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第六段的“It is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful”可推知塞内加尔的女性并不认为黑皮肤是漂亮的即B项正确。B．Casual.解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的“I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers” 以及最后一段的内容可推知对亮肤的产品持不赞成的态度即A项正确。C

　　(2016·辽宁沈阳市第一次教学质量检测)Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16% were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particularly at younger ages.

　　Researchers followed 11，135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.

　　“Assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.If an adult between his twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week，he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%，” said Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health，lead author of the study.

　　Professor Mark，Director of the Public Health Research Centre，said：“Many people are already s of physical activity

　　on their general health，but now we are seeing more evidence that suggests it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental well­being.The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are

　　working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.”

　　【解题导语】　最新研究表明增加每周锻炼身体的次数能降低人们患抑郁症的风险。________”．解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“If an 可知人们每周锻炼三次能让患抑郁症的可能性降低大约16%。由此可推断出s和risks的意思一样故C项正确。________．will become more depressive

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms”可知如果人们增加他们每周锻炼的次数就会有较少的抑郁症状故A项正确。ng to the passage?

　　A．Dr Snehal thinks it is important to be both physically and mentally healthy.

　　B．The research shows men are more active in physical activity than women.

　　C．Adults who insist on physical activity will avoid depression completely.

　　D．Increasing physical activity can free people from depression in a way.

　　解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%”可推知增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患抑郁症的可能性故D项正确。　s to increase their weekly activity.

　　D．To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.

　　解析：选B。写作意图题。本文主要向读者介绍了一项科学研究成果这份研究讲述的是身体锻炼和抑郁症之间的联系故B项正确。