湖南长沙市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（30）及答案
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q. , a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it’s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you’d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary know-ledge of her field. She’d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.
Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.
The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.
1. The passage mainly deals with .
A. the function of I. Q. in cultivating a writer
B. the relationship between genius and success
C. the decisive factor in making a genius
D. the way of gaining some sense of distinction
2. By reading novels and writers’ stories, the girl could .
A. come to understand the inner structure of writing
B. join a fascinating circle of writers someday
C. share with a novelist her likes and dislikes
D. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security
3. In the girl’s long painstaking training process, .
A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success
B. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance
C. she acquires the magic of some great achievements
D. she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write
4. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one’s success.
B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.
C. As to the growth of a genius, I. Q. doesn’t matter, but just his/her efforts.
D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.
【参考答案】1—4、CABD
2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health for a long time, experts agree that running has more benefits than the costs. Some people are concerned that the pressure on your knees and ankles can be detrimental. While this can be true, there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk of injury.
You should always go to a doctor for advice before you begin any type of exercise program. Then, a good pair of running shoes can be helpful as your feet hit the ground. They will help protect your ankles by providing stability to your feet. So it is good idea to visit a specialty(专业) running shoe store. The staff there can suggest shoes which are ideal for your running style.
In order to learn the proper form, you may get some advice from a friend who has been running for some time, or even join a running club. They can provide good tips as well as some support and encouragement for you.
Lastly, it is important to start out slowly. When it comes to getting in shape and losing weight , short bursts of speed followed by periods of slower movement would be proper. Aim for around 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week. As you get better, you can increase your speed. Always allow your body to rest in between heavy exercise as your muscles need time to bring energy back.
Follow these instructions and your running experience will be a great one!
1. In the expert’s opinion,______________________.
A. running is good for your health as well as your mind.
B. you should buy running shoes in an expensive store.
C. running has more advantages than disadvantages for you.
D. you should go to the doctor if you have a running injury
2. The underlines word “ detrimental” in Paragraph 1 probably means___
A. harmful
B. useful
C. expensive
D. rare
3. If you take up running, you should___________________
A. worry about the pressure on your knees and ankles
B. ask the shopkeeper for a pair of running shoes
C. take advice from friends whom you will start running with
D. join a running club so that you can get encouragement
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. More and more people have become interested in running.
B. Good running methods can reduce the risk of injury.
C. It’s better to run as far as possible to lose weight.
D. The instructions in the passage are given by a famous doctor.
参考答案1-4 CADB
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn: ●EEssential ●I Improver ●A Advanced
pump/pʌmp/
▶noun[c]DEVICE 1a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another: a water/bicycle/fuel pump ○ a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3[USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancer’s shoe, which is worn by women 4[USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports
▶verb LIQUID/GAS1[T USUALLY*ADV/PREP]to force liquid or gas to move somewhere: Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. ○The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. ○The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2[T]INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct: She was pumping me for details of the new project.
▶idioms pump sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)·pump Iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise: These days both men and women pump iron for fitness.
▶phrasalverbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully: They had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results.
pump sth out[M]REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump: We took turns pumping out the boat. PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda. ○The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.
pump out sth If someone’s stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube: She had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out.
pump sb up[M]INFORMAL to make someone feel more confident or excited: He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. ○[R]The players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game.
pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet? ○I must pump the tyres up on my bike. 2INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount: The US was able to pump up exports. ○Let’s pump up the volume a bit!
pump-action/ˈpʌmp. æk. ʃn/ adjective [BEFORE NOUN]describes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun ○a pump-action toilet
ˈpumpˌ priming noun[U]SPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money: The government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses.
pun/pʌn/
▶noun[C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word: She made a couple of dreadful puns. ○This is a well-known joke based on a pun: “What’s black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “
▶verb[I](-nn-)to make a pun
punch/pʌntʃ/
▶noun HIT1[C]a forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand): She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose. EFFECT2[U]the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3[C OR U]a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4[C]a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it: a ticket punch ○Have you seen the hole punch anywhere?
▶verb[T]HIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand): He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment: I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. ○This belt’s too big—I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.
▶idioms punch sb’s lights out INFORMAL to hit someone repeatedly very hard·punch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive at and leave work: After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again.
1. What does the word “pump” mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case” ?
A. Talk with.B. Ask for information.
C. Listen to.D. Provide with evidence.
2. When Sally says “The TV program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be .
A. excitedB. interestedC. annoyedD. worried
3. What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?
A. Sums of money. B. Raw materials. C. Human resources. D. Media support.
4. When Sylvia says “His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not .
A. fluent and impressiveB. logical and moving
C. informative and significantD. interesting and powerful
【参考答案】1-4 BCAD
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Decision- making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to .
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their .
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions
3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, .
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
【参考答案】 1—3、AAD