2.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to
“ ”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news
D.some comment 答案及剖析: 2.C 词义猜测题。由第二段中的We would talk about the news of
the day; no matter how insignificant...(我们会谈论这一天的资讯,无论多么微不足道……)可知,it指代前面的the news,故答案为C项。 3.It can be learned from the passage that the author .
A.enjoyed talking about news
B.knew very well about Nepal
C.felt regret about those wasted days
D.appreciated his father’s educational technique 答案及剖析: 3.D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的His technique has served
me well all my life.可知D项正确。 4.What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?
A.Continual learning. B.Showing talents.
C.Family get-together. D.Winning Papa’s approval. 答案及剖析: 4.A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的...the value of continual
learning.可知,对作者来说,儿时长期坚持的晚餐时间的交流实际上是一种持续不断的学习,而这正是“dinner time”的价值所在。故答案为A项。 5.The author’s father can be best described as .
A.an educator expert at training future teachers
B.a parent insistent on his children’s education
C.a participant willing to share his knowledge
D.a teacher strict about everything his students did 答案及剖析: 5.B 推理判断题。由文章第一段中的He was determined that none
of his children would be denied(拒绝) an education.可知,作者的父亲是一个坚持让孩子受教育的人。 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。家境贫寒的父亲人穷志不穷,一生都在努力学习。父亲很重视让孩子接受教育,并利用家庭这一平台让孩子学到很多东西,让他们受益终生。 1.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? 2.This passage/text would most likely be found in/taken from... 3.Where does this text probably come from? 4.What can be inferred from the passage? 5.We can infer from the text that.../According to the
passage/text/author,we can... 6.Which of the following words/statements does... 7.Why did the author mention.../How did the... 8.The author implies that... 9.From Paragraph 4 we can infer that... 10.The passage is probably written/intended for... 专题二 推理判断类 设问方式 11.The author uses the examples of...to show that... 12.What’s the author’s attitude towards/opinion on... 13.The writer of the passage seems to think that... 14.What did sb.mean when he/she said... 15.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 16.What type of writing is this text? 17.Which of the following reflects the author’s opinion? 18.The author develops the text by . 考点一 推理判断题
【典例】
(2015新课标全国Ⅰ,D片段)
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the “talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn’t always easy.The customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’,or ‘people think’,”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French.But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist.”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t be France. 33.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A.They are less frequently visited.
B.They stay open for longer hours.
C.They have bigger night crowds.
D.They start to serve fast food. 答案及剖析: 33.A 推理判断题。根据题干关键信息词French lifestyle changes可以定位到第二段。由Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可知,这些年来,巴黎人的咖啡馆已经沦为受害者,因为法国人的生活方式发生了改变,例如工作时间的加长、快餐的出现以及年轻人渴望在家里度过更多的时间。由此可以推断出人们来咖啡馆的次数减少了。故选项A正确。B、C两项所述恰恰是咖啡馆人气更旺的表现,与文章内容不符;D项是对a fast-food boom的误解。 34.What are theme cafes expected to do?
A.Create more jobs.
B.Supply better drinks.
C.Save the cafe business.
D.Serve the neighborhood. 答案及剖析: 34.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可知,新的主题咖啡馆似乎在改变目前这一局面,the situation指的是前面所描述的咖啡馆生意惨淡的状况,由此可知新的主题咖啡馆旨在挽救咖啡馆的生意。 35.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A.They bring people true friendship.
B.They give people spiritual support.
C.They help people realize their dreams.
D.They offer a platform for business links. 答案及剖析: 35.B 推理判断题。根据题干关键词becoming popular可以定位到最后一段。由第一句The city’s “psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.可知,心理学咖啡馆受欢迎是因为它们给人们提供心灵上的慰藉,接下来第二、三、四句等内容都印证了这一观点。故选项B正确。A项强调带来真正的友谊;C项强调帮人们实现梦想;D项强调提供了商业联系的平台,均不符合文意。 考点二 材料出处或读者对象题 【典例】
(2015广东,B片段)
When I was nine years old,I loved to go fishing with my dad.But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.He always answered,“Son,if you want to catch a fish,you have to think like a fish.”I remember being even more upset then because,“I’m not a fish!”I didn’t know how to think like a fish.Besides,I reasoned,how could what I think influence what a fish does?
As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant.So,I read some books on fish.And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings.I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Besides,water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet,fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮)and the sun hurts their eyes....The more I understood fish,the more I became effective at finding and catching them.
When I grew up and entered the business world,I remember hearing my first boss say,“We all need to think like salespeople.”But it didn’t completely make sense.My dad never once said,“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.”What he said was,“You need to think like a fish.”Years later,with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters. 35.This passage most likely comes from .
A.a fishing guide
B.a popular sales book
C.a novel on childhood D.a millionaire’s biography 剖析:B 推理判断题。根据最后一段后几句...with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers...I will show you how in the following chapters.可知,本文很有可能来自一本有关销售的书。 名师在线
解答这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。 1.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 2.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。 3.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服
用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。如果没有以上格式,就需要根
据文章内容进行推断。 4.文章内容不同所用词汇也不同,如小说、童话、旅游、教育、科技、网
络等必然出现其专用词汇,由此我们可以快速判断出所属类别。 考点三 观点态度题 【典例1】
(2015重庆,A片段) I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying?” 剖析:D 观点态度题。史密斯老师给作者打了“A”,并且写了批语。See what you can do when you keep trying?形式上为问句,实则是对作者鼓励的话语,她是在鼓励作者只要不懈努力就一定能战胜困难取得成功。因此选择D项。 38. What was Mrs.Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of
the story?
A.Angry. B.Impatient.
C.Sympathetic.
D.Encouraging.
【典例2】
(2015湖北,E片段)
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks,author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement,appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however,is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?
To answer these questions,Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科).Considering this,you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的),and perhaps unfortunate,way. Instead of introducing scientific theories,he tells a story,within which he tries to make his points,perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica,the hero and heroine in his story,live through childhood,we hear about the science of child development,and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear and,to be fair,some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed,for instance,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters,the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science. 69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A.Contradictory.
B.Supportive.
C.Cautious.
D.Critical. 剖析:D 观点态度题。根据第三段的第三句But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的),and perhaps unfortunate,way.及短文最后的...the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.可知,作者对这本书持“批评”态度,所以选择D项。 名师在线
作者或文中人物的情感、态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间,考生应学会揣测和体会修饰性词语。在判断的过程中,应特别注意作者在文中的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。千万不能主观臆想、凭空想象、随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。在很多文章中,作者对人物或事件有明显的情感倾向,事件中人物与人物之间也会存在相互的评价等。准确地把握人物的情感、态度有利于从整体上理解文章的写作意图及从细节上理解人物之间的关系和事件发生的前因后果。 1.要学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章,以议论
文为主,文章的主题句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度、立场;说
明文,因为其体裁的客观性,所以作者往往采取中立态度;记叙文,因
为作者写作时也常带有某种感情倾向性,所以考生在读这种体裁的文
章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感、态度的词或短语,捕捉那些烘托气
氛、表达情感或态度的词句。 2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语,再以此对
照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语:
(1)表示支持或肯定的词语
positive积极乐观的;supportive支持的;optimistic乐观的;
humorous幽默的;enthusiastic热情的;pleasant愉快的等。
(2)表示中立的词语
indifferent不感兴趣的,漠不关心的,中立的;uninterested不感兴
趣的;neutral中立的;subjective主观的;objective客观的等。
(3)表示反对或否定的词语
disgusted憎恶的,厌恶的;critical批评的;negative否定的,消极
的;suspicious怀疑的;disappointed失望的;ironic讽刺的等。
(4)表示情感的词语
bitter令人不快的;emotional情绪激动的;angry气愤的;serious严
肃的;concerned关切的等。 考点四 文章结构题 【典例1】
(2015陕西,C片段)
The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.
Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A. B. C. D. (P:Paragraph) 剖析:A 文章结构题。通读全文可知,文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害,中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害,最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面,消费者要作出正确的选择。因此,整篇文章属于“总—分—总”结构,故选A项。 【典例2】
(2015重庆,D片段)
There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物) in Africa,but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride,when the guides take you to beautiful,shallow lakes full of water lilies,tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face,it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals,too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants,giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though,as does your heart rate,as you move closer to them.
In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses,the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day,you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild. 51.The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango
Delta mainly by .
A.following space order B.following time order
C.making classifications D.giving examples 剖析:B 文章结构题。A项意为“按空间顺序”,B项意为“按时间顺序”,C项意为“归类”,D项意为“举例”。根据文中出现的the morning ride,in the evening,at this time of day和looking back on your day可知,文章是按时间顺序进行描写的,所以选B项。 名师在线
文章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的能力。通常文章具体的分段方法有: 1.按事情发展的顺序; 2.按时间的先后顺序; 3.按地点或空间位置的变换; 4.按内容的总分关系; 5.按人物的活动内容。
针对此类题,考生应做到:一读,就是通读全文;二想,就是想一想每一段落的主要意思;三归,就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的段落并在一起,成为一个大段;四查,就是再把各段段意连起来,看是否能构成一个连贯的整体;五选,选出符合文章结构的正确答案。
此外,做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路,如文章可能按事件发展的顺序描写,也可能通过举例、分类、对比来叙述,从而作出科学的、合情合理的推测。 对点训练 ( A )
(2015北京,D)
Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 1.The surveys inform us of .
A.the development of technology
B.the changes of adult children’s behavior
C.the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D.the means and expenses of students’ communication 答案及剖析: 1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Surveys(调查) on this topic
suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or
“somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.可知,调查显示现在的父母在孩子上大学之后仍然“非常”或者“有点”过度保护子女,故C项正确。调查并没有告知我们A项“科技的发展”、B项“成年孩子行为的改变”和D项“学生交流的方式和费用”方面的内容。 2.The writer believes that .
A.parents today are more protective than those in the past
B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
C.technology explains greater parental involvement with their
children
D.parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s
delayed independence 答案及剖析: 2.C 观点态度题。在第三段中作者指出调查的结果并不一定表明家长
对孩子不放手,在接下来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富、成本更低廉。最后一段再次强调了科技在父母更多参与子女生活中所起的作用,故C项正确。 3.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Technology or Attitude
B.Dependence or Independence
C.Family Influences or Social Changes
D.College Management or Communication Advancement 答案及剖析: 3.A 标题归纳题。由第一段第二句可知,这种新科技带来的改变常被
误认为是态度的改变,第二至五段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变,第六段再次明确表示是科技的改变。由此可得出A项“科技还是态度”作为文章题目最合适。而B项“依赖还是独立”、C项“家庭影响还是社会变化”和D项“大学管理还是交流进步”,均不能作为文章内容的有效概括。 4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this
passage? I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion 语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者提出了新科技带来的一些改变常被误认为是态度的改变的观点,然后逐步论证了父母参与上大学的子女的生活是科技进步带来的现象,并不是父母要庇护孩子的表现。 答案及剖析:
文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction,介绍了“新科技带来的
一些改变常被误认为是态度的改变”的现象。第二段提出了第一个论点“父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象通常被误认为是在试图安排孩子的生活”。第三段提出了第二个论点 “父母更多地参与不一定表明父母对子女不放手”。第四段针对第二个论点提出了分论点一“是科技的进步使得父母更多地参与子女的生活”。第五段针对第二个论点提出了分论点二(关键词Furthermore)“是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与”。最后一段得出结论“多亏了高科技,我们能更好地交流,父母与孩子更多的沟通交流并不是想庇护孩子”。 4.B ( B )
(2015福建,B)
Papa,as a son of a dirt-poor farmer,left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So,the world became his school.With great interest,he read everything he could lay his hands on,listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There’s so much to learn,”he’d say.“Though we’re born stupid,only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝) an education.
Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant,it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning. Papa,at the head of the table,would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine,ready to listen.
“Felice,”he’d say,“tell me what you learned today.”
“I learned that the population of Nepal is....” Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well....”he’d say.“Get the map;let’s see where Nepal is.”And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education.And by looking at us,listening to us,respecting our input,affirming(肯定)our value,giving us a sense of dignity,Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted,though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful. 1.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.The author’s father was born in a worker’s family.
B.Those born stupid could not change their life.
C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D.The poor could hardly afford school education.
答案及剖析: 1.D 推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第一段。由as a son of a
dirt-poor farmer可知A项错误;由Though we’re born stupid,only the stupid remain that way.可知B项中的could not change their life错误;由...listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.可知C项中的the town elders错误;由...for education was for the rich then.可知,穷人家几乎负担不起孩子的教育费用,故D项正确。