专题九
名词性从句
【命题趋势探秘】
命题
规律 考查内容 连接代词引导的名词从句 连接词引导的名词性从句 连接副词引导的
名词性从句 表语从句和同位语从句
考查热度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆
考查题型 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达 语法填空，单项填空
所占分值 2—3分 2—3分 2-3分 1分
命题
趋势
1. 高考对名词从句的考查主要出现在单项填空和语法填空试题中，短文改错试题中有时会出现相关知识的考查；书面表达中如果适当运用一些名词从句能有效提高文章的表达力和得分档次。
2. 常见的考查内容：1)区别that , what与which；
2)区别whether 与if ；
3)区别 what, whatever与no matter what；
4)it 作形式主语或形式宾语。
5)介词+宾语从句与“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的辨析。
6)名词性从句的语标点
【高频考点聚焦】
名词性从句指在句中充当名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
从句必须用连词连接，连词就是能将主、从句连接起来的词。名词性从句的连词分为三种：连接代词、连接副词以及连接词本身。
1)连接代词：在名词从句中充当主语或宾语。常用的连接代词有：what, who（whom）,which，以及whatever, whoever, whichever。
2)连接副词：在名词从句中充当状语成分。常见的连接副词有：when; where, why, how.以及whenever, wherever, however。
连接代词和关系副词的作用：1)连接作用，通过连接词把主句和从句连接起来；2)替代作用：连接词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；3)成分作用：连接词在从句中要充当句子成分。
3)连接词：只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分。常见的有：that, whether/if。
另外，还有as if、as though表示“仿佛，好象”，能引导表语从句。
名词性从句的考查要点：
（1）what，that引导名词性从句的区别；
（2）whether，if引导名词性从句的区别；
（3）名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；
（4）it作形式主语、宾语的情况；
（5）名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
名词从句的引导词
连接词 that
whether 不充当从句的任何成分，只起连接作用，引导名词从句表示疑问
连接代词 what
whatever 语气比what重，相当于anything that或all that
who 在名词从句中作主语、宾语或表语指人，整个从句充当主句的主语
whoever 在名词从句中充当成分，同时单独在主句充当句子成分
whose 指人或物，在主语从句中作定语
which 引导名词从句侧重表示选择的含义
连接副词
在名词从句中作时间状语
where 在名词从句中作地点状语或表语，不能作主语
why 在名词从句中作状语，从句表述某一结果
how 在名词从句中作方式状语
how短语 how many/ much 在名词从句中作定语修饰名词表数量
how soon 在名词从句中作状语表“多快，多久”
how often 在名词从句中作状语表频率
how far 在名词从句中作状语表程度和距离
how long 在名词从句中作状语表“有某长度，持续多长时间”
特别提醒：if不能引导主语从句；whom一般不用来引导主语从句。
It’s not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over.金融危机是否会很快就结束，这还不得而知。(高考例句)
What cannot be cured must be endured. 事已无法可救，只得耐心忍受。(谚)
◇考点1引导名词从句的连接代词
【基础知识梳理】
1.that与what
that引导名词性从句时，连词在从句中不充当任何成分，也无实际意义，只起连接句子的作用，当它引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，连词不可省略，只有在引导宾语从句时，that可以被省略。即使在引导宾语从句时，that在有些情况下也不能被省略，比如and连接的两个或多个宾语从句，除了第一个that可以被省略外，后面的并列宾语从句的连词that不可被省略。另外，如果that引导的主语从句置于句子后面，用代词it作形式主语时，that可以被省略。
It’s a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. 你错过了上周的运动会，真是遗憾。
I noticed (that) he spoke English fluently. 我注意到他说英语很流利。(that 从句用作宾语)
The problem is that we haven’t got enough money. 问题就是我们还没有足够多的钱。(that 从句用作表语)
The fact that he loves Mary is clear to everyone. 他喜欢玛丽这一事实是人人都清楚的。(that 从句用作同位语)
what只能引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，连词在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还能作定语修饰名词。
Had you joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about then.假如你10分钟前就进入这个聊天室的话，你就能知道我们当时在谈论什么了。
You can never tell what full use you can make of your spare time.你永远也不可能知道，你对自己的业余时间能有多么充分的使用。
2.what与which
在引导名词性从句时，which表示选择的含义，这与该词的本义“哪一个”是相吻合的。而what没有选择的含义，表示内容。
I want to get a birthday present for Mary, but I don’t know what she would like to have.我想给玛丽买一份生日礼物，但我不知道她喜欢什么。
There are so many kinds of toy cars on show that I don’t know which I will take.展出的玩具车太多了，我不知道该买哪一种。
3. 主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：
(1) that引导主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句。常见的用it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is/was+形容词(important, vital, unfair,etc)+that从句
②It is/was+a(n)+单数名词(pity/shame/honor/fact/surprise, etc) +that从句
③It is/was+过去分词(said, reported, intended, etc) +that从句
④It+不及物动词(appear, happen, etc)+ that从句
特别提醒：It is/was essential/necessary/strange等+that从句，从句要用虚拟语气(详见虚拟语气专题)
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：
Whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony remains to be seen.汤姆是否会来参加开幕式还不得而知。
=It remains to be seen whether Tom will attend the opening ceremony.
特别提醒：what引导的主语从句通常直接将主语从句放在句首，有时也可用形式主语。如：
What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 他在文章中所谈到的是普通读者不知道的。(高考例句)
(3) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：
Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那个女孩的父亲，是真的吗？
【核心考点讲练】
what与whatever，who与whoever，where与wherever
what与whatever都能引导名词性从句，whatever的语气比what重，表示“任何……的事，什么……都”，相当于anything that或all that。此时不能用状语从句的连词no matter what替换，但可以换为what，只是后者的语气较弱。
Help yourself to whatever you want.尽请随意。
Help yourself to what you want.想吃什么就吃吧。
what与whatever只是语气的轻重区别而已，而who与whoever引导名词性从句的区别则很大。who引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，整个从句充当主句的某个句子成分；而whoever引导名词性从句时连词在从句中充当成分，同时单独在主句充当某个句子成分。比如：
Who will get the first prize is still unknown.谁会获得一等奖还不知道。
Whoever gets the first prize should treat us to some nice food.不管谁获得一等奖，他/她都应该请我们吃一顿。
换句话说，whoever相当于anyone who。
Whoever breaks the law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。
where与wherever都能引导名词从句，wherever强调“无论什么地方”，在引导名词从句时一般用来引导宾语从句。如：
I’ll telephone you from wherever I get to by tomorrow morning.我明天早上不管到达什么地方，一定从那里给你打电话。
A team of police officers have been sent to find out where the criminal came from. 一群警官被派去调查这个罪犯来自哪里。
【典例1】（2016·天津）I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who
解析：句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他对颜色的使用。分析句子结构可以看出，I think后面接了省略连接词that的宾语从句，这个宾语从句中，本空连接词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语指物，用what引导这个主语从句；宾语从句使用了“主语+be+表语”结构，表语名词the colours接了省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语。因此选A。
答案：A
【典例2】（2016·北京）Some people believe__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever
B. whenever C. wherever
D. however
解析：句意：有人相信，无论以前或者现在发生什么，在将来都会再次重复。本句believe后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句，本空在宾语从句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，后面的谓语部分为will repeat itself。这里用whatever引导主语从句表示“无论什么”。其余选项都不能在从句中作主语。
答案：A
【技巧点拨】
在解答名词从句的试题时，一定要弄清句子含义，分析句子成分，判断句中需要什么句子成分，以选择正确的连接词。
◇考点2引导名词性从句的连接词
【基础知识梳理】
连接词that与whether
that引导名词性从句，连词在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，它引导的从句表示陈述某个事实(statement)，如果表示疑问(question)则应该用whether或if。
Whether there are living creatures in the outer space hasn’t been proved until now. 外层空间是否有生命存在，迄今为止还没有得到证实。
Ben tried to sound calm, but his father knew without the slightest doubt that he was very nervous and worried本试图让自己的声音听起来很冷静，但是他的父亲无疑知道，他其实很紧张，很担心。
【核心考点讲练】
宾语从句与形式宾语it
1)find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等动词后面接that引导的宾语从句，从句后面有宾语补足语时，通常在谓语动词后使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
Under the circumstances I feel it right that you should know.在这些情况下，我觉得你应该了解一下。
I think it best that you should stay here.我觉得你最好就呆在这里。
特别提醒：若宾语从句是wh-词引导的，则通常不用it作形式宾语，而是直接使用宾语从句。
I consider what he said (to be) unimportant.我觉得他说了些什么并不重要。
This letter makes clear what was implied in the report.这封信说清楚了那个报告的含义。
2)that从句不可作介词宾语(in, but, except除外)。如果要作介词宾语，就得用it作形式宾语。比如在depend on, rely on, count on, see to, look to, insist on等动词短语后面接that从句时就要接it作形式宾语(see to it that中的to it可省略)。如：
You can depend on it that he will come on time.他会按时来的，这点你放心。
Look to it that this won’t happen again.要注意这种事不要再发生了。
3)有些及物动词需要用that从句作宾语时，不直接与宾语从句连用，而是使用形式宾语，让that从句作真实宾语，如have it that, take it that, take it for granted that, can’t help it that等。
Rumors have it that the school was burned down.有传言说学校给烧掉了。
We can’t help it that things went so badly.事情搞得如此糟糕，我们也没办法。
3.宾语从句的连接词that不能省略的几种情况
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1)宾语从句前有插入语。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2)有间接宾语时。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3)that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。
4)在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5)that从句单独回答问题时。如：
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6)在except等介词后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7)位于句首时。如：
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8) 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
【典例1】（2016·山东）It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A. where
B. what
C. which
D. why
解析：句意：我们很难想象古代社会的奴隶的生活是什么样的。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作介词like的宾语，指事情，应该用what引导这个宾语从句。where在宾语从句中作地点状语， which引导宾语从句时表示“哪一个”，why在宾语从句中作原因状语。
答案：B
【典例2】（2016·山东)It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
解析：句意：知道我们不在家的时候这些狗能得到很好的照顾，这真是太好了。本句不定式作主语，本空连词引导宾语从句，连词在从句中不作任何成分，只引起这个从句陈述一个事实，此时用that引导这个宾语从句。A在名词从句中要作主语、宾语或定语，B在名词从句中作定语，C在名词从句中作主语、宾语或定语表示选择，都不符合句意。
答案：D
【技巧点拨】
whether与if的区别
注意下面这9种情况下只用whether不用if:
①引导主语从句并在句首时不用if(如果引导的主语从句不在句首，比如有it作形式主语时则可以用if)。如：
Whether we go there is not decided. 我们是否去那里还没决定。
②引导表语从句时不用if。如：
The question is whether we can get there on time. 问题是我们能否按时到达那里。
③引导同位语从句时不用if。如：
He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 他问我这个问题，那项工作是否值得做。
④在介词后引导宾语从句不用if。如：
I’m thinking about whether we’ll have a meeting. 我在考虑我们是否要开个会。
⑤直接与not连用时不用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not you will go. 我不知道你是否去。
⑥宾语从句置于句首时不用if。如：
Whether you have met George before, I can’t remember. 我不记得你以前是否见过乔治。
⑥在discuss等之后时不用if。如：
We’re discussing whether we’ll go on a picnic. 我们在讨论是否要去野餐。
⑦当用if会引起歧义时不用if。如：
Please let me know whether you are busy. 请告诉我你是否忙。(若用if，还可理解为“如果你很忙，你就告诉我。”
⑧在动词不定式前用whether不用if。如：
He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否去。
⑨宾语从句是否定式时不用whether。如：
She asked me if Tom didn’t come. 她问我汤姆是不是没有来。
也就是说，if引导名词性从句的作用相当有限，只在常规的谓语动词后面的宾语从句表疑问时才可以用if。
◇考点3连接副词引导的名词性从句
【基础知识梳理】
连接副词when，where, why和how
当名词性从句的连词在从句中作状语表示时间、地点、方式等，则用连接副词when、where、how、why等引导名词从句。判断的方式就是根据句意判断名词性从句所需要的是时间、地点、方式还是原因状语，“缺什么就补什么”。
Do you still remember when we went to Nanjing? Was it sometime last summer?你还记得我们是什么时候去南京的吗？是不是去年夏季？
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举办还没有宣布。
【核心考点讲练】
1.能干的where
where是一个很能干的连词，可以引导任何一种从句，但要保证一点，那就是连词在从句中作状语或表语表地点，如果连词在从句中作主语或宾语表地点，则不能用where。where是高考高频词汇，那么，我们来看看名词性从句中的where。
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I don’t agree/disagree.你说人人平等，这就是我意见不一样的地方。(表语从句)
It is not yet clear where the ceremony will be held. 仪式将在哪里举办还不清楚。(主语从句)
2.人口众多的how家族
连接副词how引导名词从句时，how在从句中作状语，其用法主要有：
1)how在名词从句中作方式状语，此时用how引导名词从句，并在从句中作方式状语。如：
I have no idea how the accident happened.我不知道事故是怎么发生的。
2)how在名词从句中修饰形容词或副词，此时将how+修饰的形容词/副词一起拿到从句之首引导名词从句。如：
You can never imagine how difficult it was to climb over the mountain.你想象不出，翻越这座山有多么难。
3) how many/ much(+名词)，how soon，how often，how far，how long等引导名词从句，在从句中作状语，用来表示
【典例1】（2016·湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell____close you may be to victory.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. where
解析：句意：不要让任何失败消磨你的斗志，因为你永远也不知道自己离胜利有多远。本空连词引导宾语从句并在从句中作定语修饰形容词close，表示“多么近”，用how引导这个宾语从句。
答案：A
【典例2】（2016·湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell____close you may be to victory.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. where
解析：句意：不要让任何失败消磨你的斗志，因为你永远也不知道自己离胜利有多远。本空连词引导宾语从句并在从句中作定语修饰形容词close，表示“多么近”，用how引导这个宾语从句。
答案：A
【技巧点拨】
陈述句、疑问句与宾语从句的转换
直接引语中的陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句都可以通过增加一定的成分或变换个别词转换成宾语从句。此时要注意直接引语改为间接引语时从句的语序和与主句呼应的时态问题。
1) 语序问题：名词性从句总是用陈述句语序，则不能使用疑问句语序，尤其是当名词性从句由疑问词引导时，不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句语序。
误：I didn’t know where did he live.
正：I didn’t know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪儿。
2)时态问题：陈述句或疑问句转换为宾语从句时，要注意从句的时态应该与主句保持一致。如：
“It’s a secret,” he said to me.→He told me that it was a secret.他告诉我那是个秘密。
◇考点4表语从句和同位语从句
【基础知识梳理】
高考试题对表语从句和同位语从句的考查主要涉及连词的判断与选择，这两种从句的相关句型，以及同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
【核心考点讲练】
1.表语从句的引导词
1)一般来说，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。
2)从属连词as if, as though,because, why等也能引导表语从句。如：
The only pity is that I missed the beginning of the movie. 唯一的遗憾就是我错过了这部影片的开头。 (高考例句)
It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！(教材例句)
特别提醒：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause；since，as不能引导表语从句。
.
3)That’s why…与That’s because...
That’s why+表语从句陈述结果，“这就是为什么会……的原因”；That is because+表语从句陈述原因，“这是因为……”。如：
He caught a bad cold yesterday. That’s (the reason) why he is absent from school today.他昨天得了重感冒，所以今天没有上学。(第一句说明原因，第二句说明结果)
He is absent from school today. That’s because he caught a bad cold yesterday.他今天没有上学，这是因为他昨天得了重感冒。(第一句说明结果，第二句说明原因)
2.同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步的补充和说明的从句，它与前面的名词指代同一内容。同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略。
1)名词answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, no doubt, opinion, order, possibility, promise, proof, proposal, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等接that引导同位语从句说明前面名词的具体内容；
We were surprised at the fact that he could speak English so well.他的英语讲得那么流畅，对这一事实我们觉得很惊讶。
2)名词doubt, problem, question接whether引导同位语从句表示疑问(不能用if)，此时还可以根据句意用when,how,where, who等引导这个从句；
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。
3)表示“命令、建议、要求”等含义的advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，从句须用虚拟语气。
The proposal was put forward that a meeting be held to address the matter.有人提议开会来处理这个问题。
【典例1】（2016·北京）The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.
A. where
B. when C. how
D. why
解析：句意：was之后引导从句，因此这里用连接词引导表语从句。根据The best moment可知when正确，表示时间。where表示地点；how表示方式；why表示原因。
答案：B
【典例2】（2016·浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. whether
解析：句意：要想取得最高层次的成功，唯一的途径就是要完全相信，在体育场上你比其他任何人都更棒。这里用that引导同位语从句补充说明total belief的具体内容。
答案：B
【技巧点拨】
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
连词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后，如fact，hope，desire，thought等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。
关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们的足球队比赛获胜的消息让人振奋。(同位语从句，不缺任何成分)
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.我们在收音机里听到的那个消息是假的。(定语从句,缺少宾语)
专题热点集训9 名词性从句
（45分钟）
I. 单项填空
1.（201·北京) ________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where
B. How
C. Why
D. Whom
2.（2016·福建）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing
you're afraid to do.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
3.（2016·江苏）—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A. how
B. what
C. that
D. who
4.（2016·四川）Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born."
A. when
B. how
C. why
D. where
5.（2016·全国大纲）Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why C. when D. how
6.（2016·安徽)From space, the earth looks blue. This is
about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether
7.（2016·浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. whether
8.（2016·江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. how
9.（2016·山东)It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
1.（2016·全国大纲）________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A. Why
B. When
C. That
D. What
II. 完形填空
（201·上海）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
nt people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times，when food is available in grocery stores，finding love is more __12__ to people's lives. The __13__ is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love，a highly valued emotional state，can be __14__. They ask，what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth，but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that __15__ attract，too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the __16__ of attraction，researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3,6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality. Then students were asked to __17__ what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks，they reported what happened.
As it turned out，their __18__ judgments often held true. Students seemed to __19__ at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The __20__ Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by，and then can produce a response in，other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling
__21__ to partnerships. In contrast，humans do not seem to be as __22__ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell，however，does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously，we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors，including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for __23__. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face，yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we __24__ attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations，people responded to __25__ words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
11. A. Instead
B. Therefore
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise
12. A. romantic
B. stressful
C. central
D. beneficial
13. A. priority
B. proof
C. possibility
D. principle
14. A. tested
B. imposed
C. changed
D. created
15. A. appearances
B. virtues
C. similarities
D. passions
16. A. illustrations
B. implications
C. ingredients
D. intentions
17. A. predict
B. investigate
C. diagnose
D. recall
18. A. critical
B. initial
C. random
D. mature
19. A. memorize
B. distinguish
C. negotiate
D. question
20. A. Nose
B. Eye
C. Heart
D. Hand
21. A. open
B. alert
C. resistant
D. superior
22. A. disappointed
B. amazed
C. confused
D. gifted
23. A. emotions
B. attractiveness
C. individuality
D. signals
24. A. enhance
B. possess
C. maintain
D. assess
25. A. familiar
B. plain
C. positive
D. insulting
III. 阅读理解
（201·北京）The Boy Made It!
One Sunday，Nicholas，a teenager，went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon，when he was planning to go home，a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far，he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone! He didn't have food，water，a phone，or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn't，his body temperature would get very low，which could quickly kill him. Using his skis，Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself，like a blanket，to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening，Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last，Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day，Nicholas went out to look for help，but he couldn't find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave，because without shelter，he could die that night. On Tuesday，Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow，Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls'survival show Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild，Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas'amazing deeds，he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
26. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?
A. He got lost.
B. He broke his skis.
C. He hurt his eyes.
D. He caught a cold.
27. How did Nicholas keep himself warm?
A. He found a shelter.
B. He lighted some branches.
C. He kept on skiing.
D. He built a snow cave.
28. On Tuesday，Nicholas ________.
A. returned to his shelter safely
B. was saved by a searcher
C. got stuck in the snow
D. stayed where he was
29. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he ________.
A. did the right things in the dangerous situation
B. watched Grylls' TV program regularly
C. created some tips for survival
D. was very hard－working
IV. 微写作
（201·上海）
学校即将举办“读书节”，目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳，你已找到以下三幅图片，决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅。你的信须包括以下内容：
1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片；
2. 阐述你用该幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。
专题热点集训9
名词性从句
参考答案与解析
I. 单项填空
1.
2.B句意：振作起来。勇气是做你害怕做的事情的东西。分析句子结构可知，动词doing后缺宾语，即其后接的是宾语从句。从句中谓语动词to do后缺的是宾语，需用what引导。
3.B句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈，别怪我。我现在这样就是你造就的呀。I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作made me后的宾语补足语，相当于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。类似例子还有：He is no longer what(=the one that) he used to be。故答案选B。
4.D
句意：奶奶指着那家医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。”根据句中的关键信息the hospital和句子成分看，这里用where引导表语从句，连接副词where在从句中作地点状语。
5.C句意：马铃薯被引进到欧洲的确切时间还拿不准，但是可能是在1565年左右。分析句子成分可知，本空需要连接词引导主语从句，根据后面的时间信息可知这里表示时间，因此用when引导这个主语从句。
6.C句意：从空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球约百分之七十被水所覆盖。本空是表语从句的引导词，because的从句表原因，why引导表语从句陈述结果，“为什么会出现这个结果”。从前后两句之间的逻辑关系看，这里用because陈述原因，因此选C。
7. B句意：要想取得最高层次的成功，唯一的途径就是要完全相信，在体育场上你比其他任何人都更棒。这里用that引导同位语从句补充说明total belief的具体内容。
8. B句意：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟传来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，且从句结构完整，所以用that引导。
9. D句意：知道我们不在家的时候这些狗能得到很好的照顾，这真是太好了。本句不定式作主语，本空连词引导宾语从句，连词在从句中不作任何成分，只引起这个从句陈述一个事实，此时用that引导这个宾语从句。A在名词从句中要作主语、宾语或定语，B在名词从句中作定语，C在名词从句中作主语、宾语或定语表示选择，都不符合句意。
1. B
句意：那架延误的班机什么时候会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。分析句子成分可以看出，本空需要连接词引导主语从句，从句缺少状语，根据句意，这里询问飞机什么时候起飞，因此选B，用when引导主语从句。
II. 完形填空
III. 阅读理解
IV. 微写作
What a pleasant surprise it is to know that our school will hold a Reading Festival! Hearing that the committee need select a picture as the publicity photo, I intend to voice my opinion that I am fond of the one on the left corner.
Actually, the three photos are equally attractive to us students. If we must elect one to publicize, I prefer the one that is composed of books, coffee, musical notes and instrument, which creates an agreeable and relaxing atmosphere.
“Read a good book, just like a noble people in conversation.” which is said by Gerd, reveals that books play an essential role in our life. Creating an atmosphere by music and coffee，it appeals to students to start reading. Moreover, the image could imply that reading has the function of nurturing spirituality and purifying mind.
I hope that my suggestions will prove of some value in your consideration, and that reading books will be more popular among us students.