2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。We know that the earth has become warmer over the last century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, reports that the average surface temperature of the earth has increased during the twentieth century by 0.6°+ 0.2°C.(The + 0.2°C means that the increase might be as small as 0.4°C or as great as 0.8°C). This may seem like a small shift, but although regional and short—term temperatures do fluctuate(变动) over a wide range, global temperatures are generally quite stable. In fact, the difference between today’s average global temperature and the average global temperature during the last Ice Age is only about 5 degrees C. Indeed, it’s warmer today around the world than at any time during the past 1,000years, and the warmest years of the previous century have occurred within the past decade.
We also know that human activities—primarily the burning of fossil fuels—have increased the greenhouse gas content of the earth’s atmosphere significantly over the same period. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases, which trap heat near the planet’s surface.
The vast majority of climate researchers agree with these overall findings. The scientific disagreements that do still exist primarily concern detailed aspects of the processes that make up these largely accepted general themes.
You can think of this website as a window into the world of scientific research. In this primer, you’ll find a general discussion of the physical processes underlying the earth’s climate, an outline of the kinds of data that may shed light on how the climate is changing—and the role of human activity in these changes—and a description a some of the questions and uncertainties that researchers continue to explore. This primer is organized into four interconnected sections: the Atmosphere; the Hydrosphere(水圈); the Cryosphere(低温层); and the Biosphere(生物层).
1. We know from the text that “IPCC”___.
engages in the climate and changes about the earth.
is a group by scientists who like to walk around the moon
works in the World Meteorological Organization
often greets the passers-by from the outer space
2. We know from the text that carbon dioxide ___.
is one of the most important greenhouse gases
has fossil fuels
traps cold near the planet’s surface
exist in human activities
3. From the text, we know when we say the temperature of something has increased by about 0.7+ 0.2°C, the + 0.2°C means___.
the increase might by as small as 0.3°C or as great as 0.7°C
the increase might by as small as 0.5°C or as great as 0.8°C
the increase might by as small as 0.5°C or as great as 0.9°C
the increase might by as small as 0.4 C or as great as 0.8°C
4. What would be the best title for this text?
What Are the Scientific Disagreements
You Can Think of This Website
What Do We Know about Global Climate Change?
The Vast Majority of Climate Researchers
参考答案1—4、 AACC
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
You’re in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation:
“I can’t believe it—a Lorenzo Bertolla!They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It’s nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So, you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.
Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.
So advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform”in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice deceptive (骗人的), but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.”
However, one might ask what exactly is “real” about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it’s no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. You don’t know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.
1. The two attractive young women were talking so that they could______.
A. get the sweater at a lower price
B. be heard by people around
C. be admired by other shoppers
D. decide on buying the sweater
2. Lorenzo Bertolla is______.
A. a very popular male singer
B. an advertising agency
C. a clothing company in Rome
D. the brand name of a sweater
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company.
B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads.
C. Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because it’s too direct.
D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Two Attractive Shoppers
B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters
C. Ways of Advertising
D. Undercover Marketing
【参考答案】1—4、BDCD
阅读理解
BLUE is the most attractive eye colour according to new research.
Blue eyes like those belonging to sexy star Angelina Jolie are the most appealing colour according to a poll of 3,000 18 ～24 year olds by FreshLook One Day Colour.Angelina，her partner Brad Pitt and his exwife Jennifer Aniston all have blue eyes and have all been named in a top twenty of the world’s most desirable eyes.
The survey found that young folk with blue eyes are generally seen as being more sexy and kind.
And when asked if they would change the colour of their eyes if they could，only one in ten blueeyed people wanted to—significantly less than people with other colour eyes.
One in three people who didn’t have blue eyes wanted a change.
One quarter of respondents have considered wearing coloured contact lenses to change their eye colour tempor
arily and blue is most wanted colour.
Green was the second most popular colour for those wanting a new look，with respondents saying greeneyed people were usually mysterious and creative.
People with brown or hazel eyes were perceived to be more trustworthy than people with other eye colours.
People with grey eyes were generally thought to be more intelligent than other people，and they were also described as usually being shy.
Blue was the most common eye colour among respondents，with 41 percent of those who answered the survey having baby blue peepers and 39 percent having brown or hazel eyes.
The survey also found that 18 percent of people don’t know what colour eyes their partner has!
1．According to the new research，when considering changing their eye colour，the number of the people who will choose_________ranks the second.
A．Brown
B．Green
C．Grey
D．Hazel
解析： 考查细节理解题。根据文章中Green was the second most popular color for those wanting a new look可知。
答案： B
2．According to the study result，if you were a manager and you wanted to find a most reliable person，you’d better hire one
who has________eyes.
A．Green
B．Blue
C．Brown
D．Grey
解析： 考查细节理解题。根据文章中People with brown or hazel eyes were perceived to be more trustworthy than people with other eye colors.可知。
答案： C
3．According to the passage，which of the following is true?
A．All people don’t know what colour eyes their partner has!
B．About 30 percent people without blue eyes don’t want a change.
C．Blue eyes are considered as the best eyes in the world.
D．You’d better change your eye colour into blue.
解析： 考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知在接受调查的人中有18%的人不知道父母的眼睛是什么颜色，因此A项并不是所有的人都知道父母眼睛的颜色正确。B意思刚好相反；C和D文章没有提到。
答案： A
4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Different eye colours in the world.
B．A survey result on eye colours.
C．Who have the most charming eyes in the world?
D．Blue—the most attractive eye colour.
解析： 考查主旨大意题。本文的中心段是第一段，下面好几段都是围绕着第一段的意思详细论述的。因此答案为D。
答案： D
5．The underlined word “peepers” in the passage could be replaced by________.
A．babies
B．colours
C．eyes
D．respondents
解析： 考查猜测词义题。根据前句话可知蓝色眼睛最流行，因此本句话的意思为被调查的人中有41%的人说自己有婴儿般的蓝色眼睛。
答案： CWhat makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “NO”．It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use the power is important to a carpenter (木匠)．You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate (调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further，he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed (确认) by other persons.He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the theory of relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations.Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
1．What makes a scientist according to the passage?
A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.
C．The ways he uses his tools.D．The different tools.
解析： 细节理解题。由第一段“It is not what the tools that a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.”可知。
答案： C
．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The scientist’s knowledge is always right under all conditions.
B．When the condition changes，the result of the observation may also change.
C．Condition makes no difference to scientists.
D．There’s no point for ordinary people knowing how to investigate.
解析： 细节理解题。由第二段“If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration (演示) must be explained by the changes in the conditions.”可知。
答案： B
3．“The scientist，however，goes one step further，...”the author says this to show ________.
A．the importance of information
B．the importance of thinking
C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people
D．the difference between carpenters and people with other
jobs
解析： 句意理解题。上文提到了如何调查，如何发现信息对每个人来说都很重要，下文用however引起转折，说明科学家们应该更进一步，他必须确保问题有合理的答案。故此处的the scientist，however，goes one step further，...用来说明科学家和普通人的不同之处。
答案： C
．A scientific theory should be one that________.
A．not only works under one set of conditions sometimes，but also works under the same conditions at other times
B．leaves no room for improvement
C．does not allow any change even under different conditions
D．can be used for many purposes
解析： 细节理解题。由“What works under one set of conditions sometimes must work under the same conditions at other times.”可知答案。
答案： A
．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.
B．The theory of relativity.
C．Exactness is the center of science.
D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.
解析： 主旨大意题。本文第一句“What makes a person a scientist？”提出了文章的主题，第一段论述“how a scientist uses these tools makes him a scientist”，第二段论述“The scientist’s knowledge must be exact”，故D正确。其余各项只是文章中的细节。
答案： D