【2016高考训练】阅读理解—推理判断题。
When most of us hear the word chocolate. the verb that comes to mind is probably ”eat”|, not “drink”, and the most proper adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly a beverage(饮料), and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.
The Origin of Chocolate
Many modern historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2,000 years, but recent research suggests that in may be even older.
In the book The True HISTOUY OF Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe prove that the earliest linguistic(语言学的) evidence of chocolate consumption dates back three or even four thousand years.
Valuable and Fashionable Chocolate Beverage
It's hard to discover exactly when chocolate was born, but it's clear that in was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document.
Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and sampled(品尝) the native cuisine . Chocolate didn't suit the foreigners' taste at first—one described it in his writings as “a bitter drink for pigs” —but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain. By the 17th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal functions. But it remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass production possible in the late 1700s.
The Birth of Solid chocolate
In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate. His product became known as “Dutch cocoa”, and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. In 1847, Joseph Fry created the first modern chocolate bar. By 1868, a little company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk chocolate hit the marked a few years later.
Prosperous Chocolate Industry
In America, chocolate was so valued during the Revolutionary War that it was used instead of wages . Even now, statistics show that the humble cacao bean is still a powerful economic fore. Chocolate manufacturing is a more than 4-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and the average American eats at least half a pound of the stuff per month.
The earliest chocolate was most probably
.
A dish
B. a drink
C. a bar
D. a candy
It can be inferred from the passage that
.
The history of chocolate is at most 4,000 years.
People around the world could buy things with chocolate
Chocolate was well paid attention to since it was born
An American at least eats a pound of chocolate per month
Why did chocolate suit the Spanish's taste so quickly?
Because chocolate was so tasty and bitter.
Because chocolate was believed to be a source of nutrition.
Because chocolate was sweetened with honey of cane sugar.
Because chocolate became a fashionable beverage.
Which one shows the correct order according to the time of their appearing?
Chocolate beverage→chocolate bar → chocolate candies→ milk chocolate
Chocolate bar→ chocolate beverage→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolate
Chocolate bar→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolate → chocolate beverage
Chocolate beverage→ chocolate candies→ chocolate bar → milk chocolate
语篇解读
本文是说明文，讲述了巧克力的简单历史。
B 细节理解题。根据首段可知，人们普遍认为巧克力是用来吃的，而且是很甜的，然而巧克力在发展史上大部分的时间是一种苦涩的饮料。故选B
C 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的首句“… but it's clear that it was cherished from the start.”可知巧克力从诞生起就受到人们的珍爱。故选C
C 推理判断题。由第五段的第二句“… but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain.” 可知巧克力饮料被混合蜂蜜或蔗糖变甜以后，就迅速爱到西班牙人的欢迎。故选C。
A
推理判断题。由文章叙述巧克力历史的过程可知巧克力饮料是最早的形式再根据倒数第二段中三个事件发生的顺序和首段一句可知A项是按时间顺序叙述巧克力的演变史。
阅读理解。
Cars are an important part of life in the United States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor he doesn’t feel really poor when he has a car.
Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn’t know how much the car was going to change American culture. The car made the United States a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United States First of all the country is a big one and Americans like to move around it. The car makes the travel the most comfortable and cheapest. With a car people can go to any place without spending a lot of money.
The second reason cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed a practical and cheap public travel system. Long distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Now there is a good system of air- service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used often.
The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don’t like waiting for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don’t like to have to follow an exact timetable. A car gives them the freedom to plan their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.
Less oil has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real answer will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much oil.
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A
In the United States even the poor own cars.
B
In the United States all the poor have no cars.
C
When an American has a car, he will never be poor.
D
An American will feel poor unless he has a car.
2.We can learn from this passage that Americans ______.
A
spend a lot of money traveling by car
B
travel a lot in their cars
C
seldom travel by plane
D
use public traffic often
3.Which of the following is not told in the passage?
A
Buses, trains and planes are not comfortable
B
Traveling by car is not expensive.
C
Americans have the spirit of independence
D
Americans often move from place to place
4.In the writer’s opinion, cars are popular in the United States mainly because ___.
A
Americans like to plan their own time
B
The United States does not have enough public transportation
C
Americans will not feel poor when they travel in their cars
D
Americans cannot move around without their own cars
5. “A nation on wheels” in the second paragraph means that _______.
A
everyone in the United States owns a car
B
the United States produces most of the cars in the world
C
cars play an important part in American’ life
D
the United States depend on car industry for its development
【参考答案】1—4、DBAAC
2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea
has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.
In Chicago, the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at
night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
Ultinatelas Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would
not otherwise have shared a word.
1. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?
A. To invite authors to guide readers.
B. To encourage people to read and share.
C. To involve people in community service.
D. To promote the friendship between cities.
2. Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?
A .They had little interest in reading.
B. They were too busy to read a book.
C. They came from many different backgrounds
D. They lacked support from the local government
3. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?
A. In large communities with little sense of unity
B. In large cities where libraries are far from home
C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population
D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached
4. According to Nancy, the degree of students of the project is judged by
A. the careful selection of a proper book
B. the growing popularity of the writers
C. the number of people who benefit from reading.
D. the number of books that each person reads.
参考答案1—4、BCDC
阅读理解。
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。
1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To express his doubts. B．To compare different ideas.
C．To introduce points for discussion.D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
答案：C。推理判断题。作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。
．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?
A．Humans are natureborn to do so.
B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
答案：A。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。
．The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A．survival chances B．potential resources
C．unexpected benefitsD．physical
possessions
答案：C。词义猜测题。后面所说的“improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。
．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A．Our genetic makeup. B．Resources on the earth.
C．The adaptive ability of humans.D．Byproducts in space exploration.
答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。
．Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?
A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
B．Space exploration provides the best value for money.
C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology.
D．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
答案：D。主旨大意题。A、B两项可以容易地排除。全文主要讲的是太空探索对帮助人类生存的益处，而不是对科技的益处。